Snowdrop kapena galanthus ndi a banja la Amaryllis. Ngakhale chomera chosowa chonchi chidalembedwa mu Buku Lofiyira, sizovuta kuti muchilime nokha. Posachedwa, duwa limafalikira pamalo akulu. Anthu okongola m'nkhalangoyi adzasangalala ndi kukongola kwake komanso kununkhira kwake. Mwadzidzidzi amawonekera m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'mabowo. Choyamba, masamba obiriwira a msuzi amasiyana ndi chipale chofewa, kenako mitu yaying'ono yamaluwa imaphukira.
Ma chipale chofewa amatha kukhalapo osati mumsewu, komanso m'miphika yomwe ili pakhonde. Ndipo maluwa yaying'ono adzaima mching'alu kwa nthawi yayitali, kukumbukira kudza kwa masika.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Galanthus ndiwosakhazikika pang'ono. Amagawidwa ku Central ndi Southern Europe, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ku Caucasus ndi Asia Minor. Babuyo imakulitsidwa molunjika, mulifupi mwake ndi masentimita 2-3. Pamene ikukula pansi paziyeso zakunja, ana amapangidwa (mababu aakazi aang'ono).
Chomera chimakhala ndi nyengo yofupikitsa kwambiri. Kumayambiriro koyambira, dzuwa litayamba kutentha kwambiri ndi matalala osungunuka, chipale chofewa chimadzuka ndikutulutsa masamba oyamba. Kutengera ndi nyengo yotentha, izi zitha kuchitika kuyambira mu Okutobala mpaka Meyi. Pakangokhala maluwa pang'ono, mphukira zimafa ndipo pakati pa chilimwe zimazimiririka.
Khosi lalitali komanso lalitali lili ndi masamba obiriwira okwana 2-3. Kutalika kwa masamba kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 10 mpaka 25 cm. Nthawi yomweyo ndi masamba, padunction imodzi imawoneka. Amanyamula belu limodzi loyimbira. Corolla imakhala ndi timabatani tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi ma mawonekedwe azifupipafupi atatu. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino koma labwino.
Pambuyo kupukutira, bokosi la mbewu lokhala ndi makoma okwanira limakhazikika m'malo mwa bud. Zigawo zamkati zimagawa m'magulu atatu. Muli njere zazing'ono zingapo zakuda.
Mitundu yotchuka
Malinga ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, mu genus galanthus, pali mitundu 12-25. Kusiyana koteroko kumachitika chifukwa chakuti mbewu zina zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndipo botanists zimatsutsana kuti zimapereka mtundu wina kapena womwe udalembetsa kale. Tiyeni tizikhala pamitundu yodziwika bwino komanso yolimidwa.
Caucasus wa Chipale. Mtengowu umagawidwa m'nkhalango zamapiri za Transcaucasia. Babu lachikasu limafikira kutalika kwa 4cm ndipo mulifupi wa masentimita 2. Masamba obiriwira amdima obiriwira omwe amapukutira ndi sera. Chomera chake ndi kutalika kwa 18 cm. Zomangira zakunja za mawonekedwe a obovate zimapindika pang'ono, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Mkati mwake muli mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe apansi, ali theka motalika. Pamalo apamwamba, pamwamba pa malo opumirako, malo obiriwira amawoneka. Limamasula mu Marichi.
Chipale chofewa ndi chipale chofewa. Mtunduwu ndiwofala kwambiri ku Russia paulimi. Ikukula mwachangu komanso kukhala m'malo oyandikana nawo. Pakati pa Marichi, masamba 2 opendekera amtundu wobiriwira amamera kuchokera m'nthaka. Mabelu onunkhira amakhala ndi timiyala toyera tambiri. Pafupi ndi pharynx, malo achikasu amapezeka perianth. Maluwa amakhala mwezi wonse wa Epulo. Mtunduwu unakhala maziko a mitundu yosakanizidwa yambiri:
- Flora Peno - mitundu yamtundu wamtundu wamtambo wobiriwira;
- Lutescens ndi chomera chachikulu komanso chamaluwa yaying'ono;
- Lady Elphinstone - mitundu yayikulu yamtundu wachikasu pamatumba amkati;
- Arnot - mabatani oyera aatali amabisa maluwa atifupi ndi masamba obiriwira;
- Viridicitis - limamasula kumapeto kwa February ndi maluwa akuluakulu, pali mawanga obiriwira kumapeto kwa miyala yonse.
Chipale chofewa chimakhala chofalikira. Mtengowu umapezeka kumapiri a kumapiri ndipo ndi woyenera kwambiri kumpoto. Kuphimba kwa anyezi wamkulu 4-5 masentimita, pali masamba obiriwira odera. Nthawi yamaluwa, kutalika kwake ndi 16 cm, ndipo pambuyo pake imafika 20-25 cm. Belu loyera limakhala pa peduncle 15-20 cm. Ma petals akunja obisalira. Duwa lopanda mawonekedwe ndilopanda mawonekedwe. Palibe zopondera pamiyala. Maluwa amapezeka mu Meyi-June mkati mwa masiku 20. Palibe zipatso, zimafalitsa zipatso.
Anthu nawonso amatchuka buluu chipale chofewa. Komabe, mbewu iyi si ya mtundu wa Galanthus. Nthawi zambiri, ndi dzina ili amatanthauza azungu ochokera ku banja la Asparagus. Ali ofanana kwambiri mumapangidwe akunja komanso maluwa oyambira, komabe, sakukhudzana ndi chipale chofewa.
Njira zolerera
Njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira ma snowdrop ndikumagawa mababu ang'onoang'ono. Chaka chilichonse, mababu ena owonjezera atatu amapangidwa pamtengowo. Pambuyo pazaka 3-5, pamene nsalu yotchinga imakula mokwanira, imatha kugawidwa. Mu Ogasiti mpaka Seputembala, masamba ake atapukutika kwathunthu, matalala a chipale chofewa amatha kuziika. Tchirelo limasiyanitsidwa ndi manja mosamala, kuti lisawononge mpweya woonda. Mababu amabzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 6-8 amodzi kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kubzala mbewu kumawonedwa kukhala kovuta, ngakhale kumakulolani kuti mupeze mbewu zambiri nthawi imodzi. M'pofunika kuti mbewuzo zipse kwathunthu. Mbewu zimapangidwa mukangokolola, pomwe zimataya kumera msanga. Mbewu zofesedwa panthaka yakuya kwa masentimita 1-2. Mbewu zimaphuka m'zaka 3-4. Malowa asankhidwe amtundu, odekha.
Zosamalidwa
Malo. Ma chipale chofewa a miniature amakula mosavuta ndipo safuna kukonzedwa mosamala. Komabe, amafunikira kwambiri pamtunda ndi kapangidwe ka dothi. Ayenera kubzalidwa pansi pa mitengo. Malowa ayenera kukhala othunzirira bwino nthawi yotentha, koma ndibwino kuti pakhale kutentha padzuwa kumayambiriro kwamasika. Kubzala moyenera pansi pa mitengo yayitali kwambiri monga mtedza, chitumbuwa, mgoza ndi zina.
Kutentha Zomera nthawi zambiri zimalekerera ngakhale chisanu kwambiri ndipo sizifunikira malo owonjezera okhala. M'chilimwe, kupitirira muyeso kumapangitsa kuti mababu azifa. Pa izi, mudzafunika mthunzi kuchokera pamitengo.
Dothi ikuyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi komanso yonyowa, koma popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Masamba oyendetsedwa ndi kuphatikiza kompositi kapena humus ndioyenera. Mchenga uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi dongo.
Kuthirira chipale chofewa chimafunikira kokha ndi chilala chadzaoneni. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madzi okwanira kuchokera ku chipale chofewa komanso mvula yamasika.
Feteleza. Nthawi yakula komanso maluwa, ndiyofunika kudya pamwezi. Phosphate ndi potaziyamu ma tata amasankhidwa. Kuchokera pakukula kwa nayitrogeni, masamba amakula mwamphamvu, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungus.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndi kusayenda kwamadzi nthawi zonse m'nthaka, chipale chofewa chimadwala matenda a fungal (dzimbiri, powdery mildew, chlorosis). Kuti muteteze mbewu zosowa, muyenera kusankha malo ndi malo oyenera. Nthawi zina amalimbikitsa kuziika ndi kuchitira mababu ndi fungicide. Tizilombo tachilengedwe cha galanthus ndi aulesi, mbozi, nematode, ndi mbewa. Kuchokera ku makoswe ndi ma slgs, mchenga wowuma ndi miyala yamiyala imabalalika mozungulira udzu, komanso maudzu a udzu omwe amaikidwa kuzungulira mzindawo. Kuthandizira tizilomboto kukupulumutsani ku tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Kubzala chipale chofewa pamalopo, simungangokongoletsa gawo, komanso kufalitsa mbewu yomwe ili pangozi. Galanthus ndiwabwino m'minda yamagulu m'minda yamiyala kapena pakati pa udzu. Ngati mungagawire pansi pamitengo, mutha kupeza kalape yolimba, monga nkhalango.
M'mabedi amaluwa, chipale chofewa chimayikidwa kutsogolo, pamodzi ndi mbewu zina zololera mumthunzi. Maluwa oyamba akazirala, chidwi chimasinthira kwa anansi. Amatha kukhala njoka, corydalis, primroses, medunits, peonies, makamu ngakhale ferns.
Ma maluwa a chipale chofewa amawoneka bwino mu chipika popanda zokongoletsera zilizonse, koma amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi masamba kapena zitsanzo zina. Simuyenera kung'amba maluwa ambiri ndikuwasonkhanitsa kunkhalango, chifukwa chipale chofewa chimalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Ndikwabwino kusilira kukongola kwawo kofatsa mumsewu.
Chochititsa chidwi, mbewuyo ili ndi galantamine. Alkaloid imeneyi adadzipatula pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe ndipo ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala othana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's ndi matenda ena amanjenje.
