Ngakhalenso wolima minda yambiri, yemwe adabzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana pa chiwembu chake kwa zaka zopitirira chaka chimodzi, sangathe kulemba mabedi angapo a nkhaka.
Yakhala kale miyambo - m'chilimwe timalima mbewuyi, timakolola zipatso, timayendetsa mabanki, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira timasangalala kudya zakudya zamzitini.
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti ndikofunika kudzala ndiwo zamasamba pamalo otseguka, monga momwe zilili poyamba, ndipo iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yobweretsera zokolola zothandiza kwambiri.
Nkhaka ndi zokondweretsa chikhalidwe, kotero musanayambe kuswana, muyenera kufufuza zonse zomwe zikukhudzana ndi kulima nkhaka panja.
Ndipo zonse zidzakhala zophweka!
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zosaoneka bwino zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa musanadzalemo nkhaka ndi funso la kusankha malo. Chifukwa cha "zokondweretsa" zawo, tchire kapena mbeu sizingakhale ndi mizu pamalo osayenera, zomwe mudzataya mtima ndi chikhumbo chokula mbewu. Choncho, muyenera kupeza chiwembu pansi pa bedi lakumunda, lomwe lili kumbali yakum'mwera, osati lakuwombedwa ndi mphepo, ndipo limawoneka bwino ndi dzuwa.
Pofuna kuteteza tchire zosakanikirana ndi tchire, zimabzala zomera zoterezi zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwe. Mbewu, mpendadzuwa, nyemba zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.
Simungathe kugwetsa mbewu kapena zitsamba m'madera otsika kapena pamwamba kwambiri, monga momwe madzi amvula amatha kukhalira, ndipo tchire pa phiri lidzawomba mphepo.
Tomato, zitsamba zosatha, kabichi, ndi mbatata zimayesedwa kuti ndizozimene zimapangidwira chikhalidwe cha nkhaka. N'zosatheka kuyambitsa bhanga la nkhaka pamalo pomwe zukini, dzungu kapena sikwashi inakula chaka chimodzi, chifukwa zikhalidwezi zili ndi matenda ofanana ndi nkhaka.
Koma iye mwini ndiye adzakhale woipitsitsa kwambiri kwa nkhaka, mwinamwake tchire tingagwere ndi matenda ndi powdery mildew. Ponena za nthaka yokha, iyenera kukhala yowala, yopatsa mphamvu, imayenera kudutsa mpweya bwino ndipo imakhala ndi humus okwanira.
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kuyenera kuyamba mu kugwa, pamene nyengo yotsatira yatha. Malowa amafunika kukumbidwa, ndipo m'pofunika kumasula 25 mpaka 30 cm padziko lapansi. Kuti muonjezere kukula kwa nthaka, muyenera kupanga makilogalamu 4 - 6 a manyowa pa unit m'dera.
Nkhaka sizilekerera nthaka ndi mkulu acidityChoncho, pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa acidity, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mandimu ku manyowa - 0.1-0.15 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi. mita
Pofuna kuwonjezera mavitamini, phosphate ndi gawo limodzi la feteleza potashi ziyenera kuchitika m'dzinja. M'chaka, nthaka ikufunikanso kumasulidwa, popeza nthaka yayamba mokwanira nthawi yachisanu.
Pambuyo potsegula, potashi yonse ndi feteleza zonse ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kuteteza chinyezi chomwe chapezeka m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira. Pachifukwachi mukufunikira 1 kapena 2 kuti mukhale ndi nthaka, koma pamwamba.
Musanabzala, pafupi sabata ndi theka, muyenera kukonzekera mabedi. Njira yabwino ya nkhaka idzakhala yotchedwa "kutentha" pabedi. Pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala angapo kapena mapepala amtengo wapatali.
Pansi pa ngalandeyi muyenera kuika nthambi, masamba ogwa, mapini a singano, udzu ndi peat, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha kufika masentimita 50. Kenaka muyenera kuthira mankhwala onse osakaniza. Kuti tichite izi, zinyalala zimayenera kutsanulira madzi ndi madzi otentha, kenako zitsatidwe bwino ndi mankhwala amphamvu a mkuwa sulphate.
Pamene kutayidwa kwa mankhwala kumatsirizidwa, chotsanikizira chapadera chiyenera kutsanuliridwa pazomwe zilipo, zomwe zimayenera kukhala 12-15 masentimita. Kusakaniza kumeneku kuyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku malo abwino a sod, humus, peat ndi utuchi. Pambuyo pazinthu zonse, muyenera kuthiranso bedi komanso njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.
Sizimapweteka feteleza ndi feteleza mchere.
Pamene zokonzekera zonse zakwanira, bedi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi poyera polyethylene ndi kusiya mpaka kubzala mbande. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala ndi humus, kutentha kwa dziko lapansi pabedi la mundali kudzakhala wapamwamba kusiyana ndi zonse za nthaka. Ndichifukwa chake njirayi imatchedwa kukula pa bedi lofunda.
Koma ngati simungathe kukonzekera, ndiye kuti mungathe kumangotulutsa mbande pansi, koma pambuyo pake muyenera kupanga chivundikiro cha arcs ndi poleti polyethylene. Malo oterowo akhoza kuchotsedwa kokha pamene mbande zimalimbikitsidwa mokwanira ndipo potsirizira pake zimakhazikika pamtunda.
Mbewu ikhoza kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo pabedi, ndipo mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala.
Njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera kokha ku madera omwe nyengo zimakhala bwino. Koma ngati simukudziwa kuti mbewuzo zidzamera, ndi bwino kukula mbande kunyumba.
Mukamafesa mbewu pa bedi mukhoza kuchita kokha ngati "kutenthetsa", mwinamwake kumera ndipo sikuyenera kudikira. Nthawi yodzala ndi yaitali - mungayambe kubzala kuchokera kumapeto kwa May, ndikumapeto kumapeto kwa June. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kutentha kwa nthaka kufika 12 - 14 ° C.
Zoonadi kutero konzekerani kubzala. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu kuchokera kwa wopanga, osati kunyumba, popeza sizowona kuti mutha kupeza zotsatira. Mbeu zogula nthawi zambiri zimachotsedwa kale osati zopanda kanthu, koma ngati simukudziwa, mukhoza kupanga njirazi nokha.
Pochotsa mbewu zonse zopanda kanthu, muyenera kuziyika mu njira yothetsera mchere ndikuzisiya komweko kwa kanthawi kochepa. Mu mphindi zingapo mbewu zopanda kanthu zidzakwera pamwamba, ndipo khalidwe lidzatha. Mbeu ziyenera kukhazikika bwino.
Pofuna kusokoneza zokolola, muyenera kuzikonza ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Ndiponso Zowonjezera zowonjezera zingagwiritsidwe ntchitokotero mphukira ikuwoneka mofulumira.
Pambuyo pa izi zonse, nyemba ziyenera kuthiridwa mpaka zidzatuluke ndipo ziphuphu zoyamba ziwonekere. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndondomekoyi, muyenera kuyendetsa mbewu mu nsalu ndikuziika m'madzi kutentha. Amayenera kutsanulira kuti pamwamba pa madzi apitirire pang'ono kuposa mbewu zokha, kuti asatseke mpweya wabwino.
Pambuyo pake naklevyvaniya ayenera kuumitsa mbewu. Kuti achite izi, amafunika kuikidwa mufiriji kuti kutentha kwa mpweya ndi -1-2 ° C. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa maola 48, mbewu zimayenera kutengera mafiriji awo ndipo nthawi yomweyo prikopat.
Mukamabzala pa bedi, mbeu ziyenera kugwedezeka kwambiri, pamtunda wa masentimita 50 mpaka 60. Zifunika kumizidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 6, mopepuka pang'ono ndikupindira chala ndikuwaza dziko lapansi.
Ngati mwasankha njira ya mmera, muyenera kukonzekera mbewu mofanana. Kuwateteza iwo mumafunikira mu nthaka yapadera, yomwe ingapezeke mu sitolo iliyonse kwa wamaluwa.
Pamodzi ndi nthaka kuti mukhale ndi mbande mungagule zida zapadera za mbande. izi zikhoza kukhala makaseti apulasitiki komanso mapeyala a peat, omwe simukuyenera kuwona mbande ikabzalidwa, koma kuidya pamodzi ndi tchire.
Ngati mwaganiza kuti musagule miphikayi, ndiye kuti makapu apulasitiki omwe nthawi zonse amapanga. Mitsuko iyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka ndikuyika mbewu ziwiri zobwidwa.
Asanayambe mphukira, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa + 24 + 27 ° С, ndi kuthira madzi kutentha. Pofuna kusunga chinyezi nthawi yayitali, isanafike kutuluka kwa mbande, ndi bwino kuphimba ndi pulasitiki.
Pa nkhani ya kumera kwa mbeu zonsezi, m'pofunika kuchotsa mphukira zofooka. Simungathe kuchikoka, mumangofunika kudula pafupi ndi mizu kuti musayambe kuwonongeka kwa mbewu ina. Pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwoneka pamwamba, kutentha kumayenera kutsetsereka ku +18 - 20 ° С.
Ndikofunika kupereka mbande ndi kuunikira kokwanira, mwinamwake pali ngozi yoti idzatambasula. Zidzakhala masiku 25 mpaka 30 kuchokera pamene mphukira yoyamba ioneka, mbande zidzakwera. Pazithunzi 1. Mithayi sungayidwe zopanda 3 mbande.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kulima nkhaka mu mbiya.
Nkhaka Care Zokuthandizani
- Kuthirira
- Kupaka pamwamba
- Kumangirira
- Chitetezo
Pakuti nkhaka, kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi dothi ndikofunikira kwambiri, kotero kutsirira kumawathandiza kwambiri kusamalira nkhaka. Mapepala a zomerawa ali ndi malo akuluakulu otuluka m'madzi, komanso nthawi zonse amakhala pansi pa dzuwa, choncho madzi akumwa kwambiri.
Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha, kutanthauza kuti sali otsika kuposa 20 ° C. Ndikofunika kudzaza kusowa kwa chinyezi mwamsanga pambuyo pa kumera kwa mbewu, ngati mbewuzo zinabzalidwa mwamsanga pansi. Kuthirira mbande amafunikanso chitani nthawi zonse.
Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumakwera pamwamba + 25 ° C, ndiye kuthirira kumakhala tsiku ndi tsiku kuti uzizizira masamba. Ngati ili pansipa + 25 ° C, ndiye kuthirira tchire tsiku lililonse ndiletsedwa, mwinamwake dothi lidzakhazikitsa malo abwino kuti chitukuko chidzakula.
Nthaŵi yabwino ya njirayi ndi maola oyambirira kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Sikoyenera kuchita izi patsiku lomwe dzuwa likula, popeza, ngati madzi atha masamba, zomera zimatha kutentha.
Pamene tchire timalowa m'nthaka kwambiri, ndiye kuti amayamba kubereka zipatso, ndiye muyenera kuwathira usana ndi usiku, ndipo pazu ndi madzi akhoza. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito payipi kapena ndowa kuti zitsatidwe, chifukwa mizu ingakhale yopanda kanthu pa ulimi wothirira, umene umayambitsa tchire kufa.
Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumadalira kukula kwake kwa nthaka, koma pafupipafupi ndi 1.5 - 2 ndowa pa mbewu.
Zakudya zoyamba ziyenera kuchitika pamene masamba awiri enieni ayamba kale kuwoneka pazomera za mbande. Koma, ngati mbande zili ndi mphamvu zokwanira, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Ngati mwasankha kudyetsa zowonjezera, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuthetsa yankho la 10 malita a madzi, 10 g wa ammonium nitrate, 10 g wa potaziyamu mchere ndi 10 g wa superphosphate 10 mpaka 15. Pakatha masiku 15 kuchokera koyamba, mungathe kubwereza, koma nambala ya feteleza iyenera kuwirikiza.
Sizingatheke kuti feteleza igwere pa tsinde la mbeu, monga momwe kuyaka kwa mankhwala kungakhalebe pa tchire. Ngati mlingo wa chonde umakhala wochepa, kapena tchire sichikhala bwino, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa feteleza mchere mukamadyetsa kachiwiri muyenera kuwonjezera yankho la mullein kapena manyowa.
Mukaona kuti mazira onsewa agwera pa tchire, ndipo masamba atembenukira chikasu, ndiye umboni wotsimikizika kuti zomera zilibe chakudya chokwanira.
Masiku ano, njira yamakono yopangira nkhaka yakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, monga tchire, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira, sizikudwala kwambiri chifukwa chosowa kukhudzana pakati pa tsinde ndi nthaka. Kuonjezerapo, njira iyi imapanga kuchuluka kwa malo opanda ufulu, ndipo zokolola zimakhala zosavuta.
Pa nthawi yoyenera ya garter, imabwera pamene tchire lifika kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu njirayi sikuti awononge mphukira okha.
Osati kokha zomangamanga zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo. Mukhoza kuyika zipilala ziwiri pafupi ndi chitsamba, ndipo pakati pawo zimakoka waya kapena chingwe, chomwe mukufuna kumanga tchire. Ndi bwino kumangiriza zimayambira ndi nsalu zambiri zomwe sizingathe kuvulaza chitsamba, komanso kuti zisunge mphepo.
Simungathe kulimbitsa mwamphamvu nsaluyo, kuti musamalepheretse kuti mcherewu ukhale pamwamba pa mphukira.
Matendawa ambiri a nkhaka amakhala ochepa kwambiri, owona ndi owona powdery mildew, mavitamini a maolivi ndi mafilimu.
Ndipotu, matenda onsewa ali ndi njira imodzi yothandizira. Mitengo imafunika njira zothetsera zamkuwa zomwe zili ndi fungicideszomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zingatheke kutenga matenda, kapena kupha bowa basi.
Kuyenera kuchitidwa 3 mpaka 4 ndi kupuma kwa masiku khumi. Njira zothandizira komanso zothandizira ndizofanana. N'zotheka kuti musagwiritse ntchito fungicides, koma ndikukonzekera kwina komwe kuli ndi mkuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito malingana ndi malangizo.
Tsopano zikuonekeratu kuti kulima nkhaka kuthengo sikovuta kwambiri. Chokwanira kukumbukira kuti nkhaka ndi zomera zosakhwima kwambiri. Koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchiza zomera zako ndi chikondi ndi chisamaliro, chifukwa ali amoyo ndipo amamva zonse. Chifukwa chake, iwo adzakubwezera ndi ndalama zomwezo.
