Apurikoti amakhala wobzalidwa kumadera akum'mwera kwa dzikolo, chifukwa ndi mtengo womwe umakonda kutentha. Kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe chotchukachi kumpoto, kunali kofunikira kuwonjezera kuuma kwa dzinja. Choyamba, ndimayenera kusamalira katundu wolimba komanso woyenerana, yemwe maula anali mtengo wakumpoto. Njira ndi malamulo a katemera wa ma apricot pa maula ndi osavuta ndipo ndi osavuta kupeza kwa woyambira dimba.
Spring plum apricot Ankalumikiza - zoyambira
Masika ndi nthawi yomwe chilengedwe chimadzuka ku tulo ta nthawi yozizira, timadziti tamadzimadzi timayamba kuyenda mwachangu kuchokera ku mizu kupita korona, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwoneka kwa mphukira zatsopano, masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso. Munthawi imeneyi, katemera amapulumuka bwino; mabala amachiritsidwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta.
Madeti a Katemera
Wodulidwa kumiziridwa kumayambiriro kasupe, masamba atatupa, mizu yabwinobwino. Ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa nyengo adzakhala ndi nthawi yopereka zabwino, mphukira zolimba zomwe zidzalowerere nthawi yozizira. Madeti enieni sangakhale ovomerezeka, amasiyanasiyana kutengera dera ndi nyengo yanthawi yake ino. Nthawi zambiri amayamba pakati pa Marichi kumadera akumwera ndipo amapitilira mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo kumadera akumpoto.
Momwe mungabzalire apricot pamtengo wa plum kumapeto kwa chaka
Nthawi zina wamaluwa wa novice amafunsa funso - kodi ndizotheka kubzala apurikoti pa maula kumapeto.
Yankho ndi lakuti inde, mutha kutero. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri zikafunika kupeza chomera choletsa chisanu chokhala ndi mizu osazizira. Apurikoti mizu yake imakhala yolondola, matendawa akhala akugwiritsa ntchito nyumbayi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chapakatikati, ma apricots amangokhala okha ndi zodulidwa. Amakololedwa kumapeto kwa yophukira ndikusungidwa pamalo ozizira (mwachitsanzo, chapansi) mpaka katemera.
Monga katundu, amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira zazing'ono zonse za zaka 1-2, ndi zitatu - zamphepo wazaka zisanu. Potsirizira pake, ndibwino ngati mitengo yazomera ikhala kale m'malo okhazikika. Zogulitsa pamsika uno zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chitukuko ndikudziwonera, mosafunikira, ndikosayenera.
Pa mndandanda waukulu wa njira zopimira katemera wa ma apricots ku plums mu kasupe, atatu akulimbikitsidwa. Kukopera, pamwala ndi pansi pa khungwa. Njirazi ndizosavuta, zimapezeka kwa wokonza munda ndipo zimapereka mwayi wopulumuka.
Musanayambe katemera, ndikofunikira kuyeseza pazinthu zachitatu. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zamtchire ndi mphukira ndizoyenera.
Malangizo a katemera pa sitepe ndi motsitsa
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ma diameter a stock ndi scion chikugwirizana, kapena pamene kusiyana kwayandikira 10%. Kukopera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa diameter kuyambira mamilimita anayi mpaka fifitini.
Njirayi imakhala m'mbali kuti malekezero a nthambi zophatikizika amadulidwa pachimake ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi linzake. Pali zosavuta, kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi chishalo.
Njirayi ndi yabwino kupeza mbande.
Chifukwa chake:
- Poyamba, sankhani katemera - ngakhale, wokhala ndi khungwa losalala komanso mulifupi mwake wozungulira kutalika kwa scion. Kutalika kwa malowa pamwamba pa nthaka kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera nyengo yakomweko. Ngati makulidwe a chipale chofewa nthawi zambiri amakhala okwera, ndiye kuti katemera ayenera kukhala okwanira mita, komanso m'malo ena. M'malo omwe nyengo ya chipale chofewa imakhala yosowa kwambiri, ndizotheka kubzala ma g kumtunda kwa masentimita 40-50. Masamba onse omwe ali pansi ndi akhungu.
- Kutengera mtundu wa kukopera komwe mwasankha, zigawo za mawonekedwe omwewo zimapangidwa:
- Kuti muzitha kukopera, pazinthu zolumikizidwa ndi scion ndi stock, pangani zigawo za oblique pakona 20-25 °, 3-4 cm.
- Kukopa kopitilira muyeso kumadziwika kuti mabala amapangidwa pazilonda, zomwe zimayikidwa wina ndi mnzake, ndikupatsana zolimba.
- Kuti muthane ndi chishalo pa scion, nsanja imadulidwa, yomwe imayikidwa kumapeto kwa katundu.
- Mulimonsemo, cholumikizacho chimakutidwa ndi tepi yolimba kapena tepi yotsika ndi mbali yomatira.
Ndikofunikira. Magawo amaphatikizidwa kuti athe kulumikizana ndi zigawo za cambial. Ngati ma diameter a stock ndi scion siofanana, ndiye kuti zigawozi ziyenera kulumikizidwa mwina kuchokera mbali zitatu.
Mitundu ya kukopera: a - yosavuta; b - kukonza; c, d - ndi chishalo; d - kukonza tepi ya katemera
- Dulani phesi ndi mpeni kapena masekondi, kusiya masamba atatu. Malo odulawo amapakidwa ndi var var ya m'munda.
- Wobiriwira impromptu amakonzedwa pamadulidwe kuti azikhala ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, chofunikira kuti munthu apulumuke. Izi zimachitika poika chikwama cha pulasitiki pachikhatho, kumumangirira pansi pa katemera. 2-3 mabowo ang'onoang'ono a mpweya wabwino amadulidwa m'thumba. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1-2, pamene phesi limakula limodzi ndi katundu, phukusi limachotsedwa.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono ndi katemera wa cleavage njira
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati momwe mulifupi mwake mulipo kuchokera pa 8 mpaka 100 mm, ndipo mwina singagwirizane ndi mainchesi a scion. Ngati scion ndi yocheperako, ndiye kuti angapo odulidwa amalumikizidwa kumodzi. Chitani izi:
Thunthu lomwe lili pamalo osankhidwa, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, limadulidwa mbali yakumanja. Ngati adalumikizidwa kunthambi, ndiye kuti idulidwayo imayikidwa pafupi ndi maziko momwe ingathere.
- Pakati pakudula, mbali yakumanja kwa iyo, yomwe ili ndi nkhwangwa kapena mpeni, pangani chida chokhala ndi kuya kwa masentimita 3-4. Pakakhala lalikulu scion, awiri splits itha kukhala yopingasa kapena yofanana ndi inzake. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amakhala wopangidwa ndi screwdriver kapena sliver.
Pakati pakudula ndi nkhwangwa kapena mpeni pangani chikhazikitso chakuya kwa 3-4 cm
- Mapeto a chogwirizira (kudula) kudula mwanjira yakuthwa ndipo kwayikidwa m'khola, osayiwala kuphatikiza zigawo za cambial. Amatenga screwdriver kapena sliver - zodulidwa ndizolungika mwamphamvu ndi zomata.
- Monga momwe tafotokozera kale, malo a katemera amakhala ndi tepi, yoyesedwa ndi var vars.
- Dulani zodula za impso ziwiri.
Kukhazikitsa malekezero osakanizidwa a zodula onetsetsani kuti zitsamba za cambial zikugwirizana
- Konzekerani wowonjezera kutentha, yemwe amachotsedwa atatha kulowetsedwa.
Katemera ndi sitepe katemera
Njira yake ndi yofanana ndi sitepe yoyamba komanso zotsatira zake. Zimasiyananso kuti nkhuni yamtengo singawonongeke, mmalo mwake, khungubwe limadulidwa ndikukhotakhota, pomwe scion amayiyikapo. Njira ndioyenera mitengo ikuluikulu, m'mimba mwake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe kubzala masamba anayi pa iyo.
Dongosolo loti aphedwe ndi motere:
- Mofananamo ndi njira yapita, malo amasankhidwa ndipo thunthu limadulidwa.
- Dulani makungwawo limodzi ndi cambium mpaka kutalika kwa 4-5 cm. Ngati odulawo ali 2, 3 kapena 4, tengani manambala oyenera. Amayikidwa molumikizana molingana ndi m'mimba mwake.
- Gawo 3-4 masentimita limadulidwa kumapeto kwa chogwirira chilichonse, kenako ndikudula kwamphamvu.
- Pang'onopang'ono pakhungwa, ikani zodula kumbuyo kwake kuti zigawo za cambium zikulumikizane.
Katemera wa makungwa ndioyenera m'matangadza akulu
- Zochita zina ndizofanana ndi njira zam'mbuyomu.
Malangizo onse
Mulimonse momwe katemera amathandizira, samalani malamulo awa:
- Chipangizochi (mipeni, kudulira mitengo) chakuthwa kwambiri musanayambe ntchito.
- Musanagwiritse ntchito, chipangizocho chimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate, mowa kapena hydrogen peroxide.
- Zigawo za masheya ndi scion zimapangidwa nthawi yomweyo isanafike katemera. Nthawi kuyambira mphindi yobwereka mpaka kulumikizidwa kwa magawo omwe anali atalumikizidwa iyenera kukhala yochepa. Panthawi yabwino, osapitilira mphindi imodzi.
- M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, zometera mbewu ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, adzazika mizu bwino.
- Mbale yogwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda suyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zamafuta monga mafuta, palafini ndi zina zotero. Mapangidwe a beeswax kapena lanolin amasankhidwa.
Kanema: Katemera wazaka zinayi wa apricot
Ndemanga za katemera
Pazotsatira za kukomoka kwa chaka chatha kwa mabulosi a apurikoti "pang'onopang'ono" pa maula. Kuchulukitsa kumachokera ku 50 mpaka 70 cm (maluwa amapendekera patemera). Anabzala apurikoti kwa nthawi yoyamba. Malo katemera amasonyezedwa ndi harness. Wobzala mu korona kapena stamb pamwamba 50 masentimita kuchokera m'nthaka (chisanu yambiri nthawi yozizira). Ma cutic apricot omwe adalumikizidwa pa maula amakula ndi 50-70 cm
Ma cutic apricot omwe adalumikizidwa pa maula amakula ndi 50-70 cm
Andrey_VLD
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?p=634457#p634457
Yoyambirira Yolembedwa ndi kursk162 Onani Phunziro la Post - Ndipo kodi apurikoti wolumikizidwa amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji mukuzama kwanu? Palibe kusagwirizana? Wobzalidwa ndi maula a buluu (HZCh), wakuda ndi Ochakovskaya Chikasu. Katemera anali mu korona ndi pa mphukira za m'matangadza. Amalumikizidwa bwino mu korona wabuluu maula (HZCh), m'malo mwa katemera, chingamu ndi kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono kudula.Koma pali katemera m'modzi (HZCh) mmodzi, yemwe amakula bwino. Mu korona, wozizira amalumikizidwa bwino, amakula bwino. Koma nthawi yomweyo, apurikotiyo amapanga gawo laling'onoting'ono la masamba onsewo pamtengowo.Pomaliza masika adaphukira, panali mazira, koma kenako adatayidwa, apricot imodzi idatsalira pa nthambi, koma sizinapse, idatayika. Katemera pa mphukira, i.e. posakhalapo ndi masamba a maula am'madzi ozizira, chaka choyamba chimayamba bwino, koma mchaka chimalira kuti iwo adamwalira (2 milandu, masika apitawa). Pa blackthorn iwo amakula bwino pamwamba pa zochuluka; sindinabzale zakuda pakorona. Kukada, ndikulandila katemera wa nyengo yachitatu, maluwa ambiri adayikidwa, koma nthawi yozizira panali matalala pansi pa minus 33, ndikudikirira zotsatira za nyengo yachisanu. Tsopano ndikuyesera mbande zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, pomwe zimamera pakhonde mumiphika ndikugawana pansi m'munda m'mudzimo. Komabe, nyengo yathu siyabwino kwambiri pa apurikoti. Ndikofunikira kusankha njira.
Andrey_VLD
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=1292766
Njira zofotokozedwera za katemera ndizosavuta komanso zodalirika, zomwe zimayesedwa ndi akatswiri azakuthambo ndi olima maluwa kwazaka zambiri. Nthawi yakula, kudula kumapereka mphukira zolimba, zathanzi zomwe zimalola nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Pakubzala apurikoti pa maula kumayambiriro kwa masika, wolima mundawo amakhala ndi chidaliro mu zotsatirapo zake.
