Leaflet ndi munda wokongola kwambiri wamaluwa, womwe umatha kukulidwanso ngati chomera. Mosiyana ndi oimira ena, ili ndi masamba okhazikika, kotero tsamba lazithunzi lili pazithunzi zimawoneka zowala kwambiri komanso zachilendo. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwanso mafupa kapena phyllitis. Mtengowu umakhala ku Mediterranean komanso kumapiri a mapiri a ku Europe, m'malo otentha komanso achinyezi.
Kufotokozera
Tsamba la Fern ndiwosatha wochokera kubanja la a Kostenets. Mtengowo uli ndi nthangala yowongoka, yopindika pang'ono pakati. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi mamba yaying'ono ndikupanga kachulukidwe kakang'ono pansi pamtunda.
Gawo la chitsamba limakhala ndi masamba a petiole. Pafupifupi, petioles wandiweyani, womwe umafalikira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tsamba, pali masamba otambalala kapena masamba. Kutalika kwake ndi 20-50 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 4-7. Masamba achichepere amawonekera mu kasupe ndipo poyamba amafanana ndi chigoba cha nkhono, pakapita nthawi amawongoka. Mbali yakumtunda ya waya ndi yaubweya wonyezimira. Patsamba, pepala lozungulira limawoneka, monga masamba ofotokozeredwa a zipatso za cirrus.
Zovuta zili pamsana, zakuda pamalo owonekera. Zili ngati timiyala tating'ono tokhala ngati timiyala tating'ono. Mitengo yambiri imakhwima mkati mwake mwa kanema wowonda.
Zosiyanasiyana
Ponseponse, mitundu 10 yalembetsedwa m'mitundu yazodzala, koma gawo laling'ono la mbewu limagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Kwambiri ndi scolopendra kapena pepala wamba. Zimakhala zofala kumapiri aku Europe ndi America. Fern amapanga chitsamba chaching'ono mpaka kutalika kwa 60 cm.Ulifupi wamasamba a petiolate ndi masentimita 3-5. Pansi pa tsambalo pamakhala mawonekedwe amitima, ndipo m'mbali mwake pang'ono. Masamba ake ndiowongoka ndipo amawerama pang'ono pang'ono. Mamba obiriwira kapena a bulauni amawoneka pa petiole. Mwa mitundu iyi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera imayikidwa:
- undulata - vayas ali ndimphete zokongola za wavy;
- marginatum - osiyanitsidwa ndi ochepa, lobed veyi;
- cristatum - m'mphepete mwa zonse zilembo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe;
- crispa - mitundu yokhotakhota yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa masamba opindika komanso masamba obiriwira owala;
- Ramo Cristatum ndi mtundu wokongoletsa kwambiri wokhala ndi masamba ophuka ndi masamba.
Kalata yaku Japan. Chomera chili ponseponse mu kukula kwa Asia: kuchokera kumapiri amthunzi kupita m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi abwino. Masamba okhala ngati lanceolate-lamba, ngati masamba achikopa amapanga railesi yayikulu. Amakulanso kukula, kuvumbula gawo lapakati pazogulitsa. Kutalika kwa masamba owonda ndi 20-40 cm.
Kuswana
Timasamba timene timathira manyowa kapena mbewu. Poika mbewu, ndikokwanira kudula gawo lakumanjako ndi masamba ophukira. Kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala kosachepera 20 cm. Njira zake zimachitika bwino kwambiri kumayambiriro kwamasika, mpaka waiyi wachinyamata atayamba kuwonekera. Malowo odulawo amawaza ndi malasha ophwanyidwa ndikuyika dothi lamchenga. Mphika wokutidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikusiyidwa m'malo abwino, owala.
Masamba athanzi labwino amatha kuzika mizu chimodzimodzi. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri komanso nthawi ndi nthawi kumwaza nthaka kuchokera pa mfuti yopopera. Njira yodzala mizu ndiyovuta koma ingatenge pafupifupi chaka. Si magawo onse omwe ali ndi mizu.
Kubzala mbewu kumawonedwa kukhala kothandiza kwambiri. Spores okhwima mu mavoliyumu akuluakulu ndikukhalabe ndi kumera kwapamwamba kwa zaka 5-8. Ma tank akunyumba ambiri okhala ndi peat amakonzekera kubzala. Spores amayesa kugawana ngakhale pamtunda, safunikira kuwaza ndi lapansi. Mbaleyo imakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuwonetsedwa pamalo otentha, owala. Tsiku lililonse mpweya umakhala wokwanira kwa mphindi 15-30 ndipo, ngati ndi kotheka, umawaza madzi.
Pambuyo pa masabata 2-5, panthaka padzakutidwa ndi masamba akulu a mphukira. Mbewu zachikulire zimalowa m'miphika yaying'ono pomwe peat, heather nthaka ndi mchenga zimasakanikirana. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, kusankha kumabwerezedwanso. Mbande zikukula mwachangu ndipo pofika chakumapeto kwa chaka choyamba zimawoneka ngati chomera chachikulire.
Malamulo Osamalira
Tsamba ili limafunikira chisamaliro chambiri kunyumba, koma limapereka mphoto zowala komanso zokongola kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwawo. Malo abwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi malo okhala ndi dimba komanso lonyowa m'mundawo. Paulimi wamkati, ndikofunikira kusankha chipinda chozizira chowunikira. Ndi kuwala kowala kwambiri, masamba a tsamba lamasamba amakhala chikasu, zomwe zimachepetsa kukopa kwake. Fern ikhoza kuyikidwa m'malo akuda kwambiri momwe maluwa ena samakhalira bwino.
Tsamba limasowanso mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kwenikweni ndi + 20 ... +22 ° C. Chomera sichimawopa kukonzekera ndi kuzizira kwausiku, koma kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi chiyeso chenicheni cha kupirira. M'nyengo yozizira, makopi amkati amafunika kupanga mpweya wozizira (+ 12 ... +15 ° C). Zomera zamaluwa zimatha kukhalako nthawi yachisanu pogona, sizitaya masamba owala.
Wotsamba amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta, koma kusayenda kwamadzi sikofunikira. Ndikwabwino kuthirira fern tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo, ndikuyika malo ena apafupi ndi miyala yonyowa kapena dongo lotukulidwa. Oyandikana ndi dziwe laling'ono kapena kasupe ndiolandiridwa. Mlengalenga, masamba amatha kuwuma pang'ono. Monga kupumula, nthawi zina mumatha kusamba fern pansi pa shawa yofunda.
Nthawi zambiri pepala limapeza chilichonse chomwe chimafuna m'nthaka. Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha m'maiko opanda kanthu. Kamodzi pamwezi, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, theka la mchere womwe umapangidwa pazomera zofunikira zimawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira.
Zaka 2-3 zilizonse, tsamba lokhala ndi masamba limasunthika, ndipo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse pakukonzanso komanso kugawa chitsamba. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi ferns. Mutha kudzipangitsanso nokha pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- dothi lamasamba (magawo awiri);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi);
- makungwa ophwanyika (gawo limodzi).
Denga losanjikiza limayikidwa pansi pa dzenje kapena mphika wamaluwa. Rhizomes amaikidwa pansi popanda kukulitsa masamba apical.
Mavuto osamalira omwe angakhale
Kalatayo imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito tizirombo. Mavuto amatha kumalumikizidwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Tiyeni tilingalire zovuta zovuta kwambiri:
- pepala limatembenuza masamba achikasu - kotentha kwambiri komanso kouma;
- Mitundu ya masamba imazimiririka - kukhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali dzuwa;
- kukula kapena kugwedezeka - kusefukira, kutheka kwa kuzungulira kwa phokoso.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Tsamba limawoneka lodabwitsa m'malo amiyala komanso pansi pa mitengo yayitali. Mutha kubzala fern pafupi ndi nkhokwe kapena m'mphepete mwa malo ena osungira. Magulu okongoletsa masamba amakongoletsa chipindacho ndikuphatikizana bwino ndi ma fern ena. Kuphatikizika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera mumphika wambiri kapena pabedi lamaluwa kudzakhala luso labwino kwambiri.
