Chithunzi ndi kufotokoza za bowa ku Crimea

Chilumba cha Crimea chili wotchuka chifukwa cha bowa zambiri zomwe siziwoneka m'nkhalango, komanso ku steppes, komwe kuli udzu womwe uli pafupi ndi midzi, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, malo otseguka, m'mapiri.

Chikhalidwe cha nyengo ya peninsula chimapangitsa kuti pano nyengo ya bowa ikhale yoposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi kutha kumapeto kwa autumn.

Kufalikira kwa bowa ku Crimea

Crimea ili wolemera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, ndipo nyengo iliyonse ya izo ndi yosiyana. Kawirikawiri, nyengo ya bowa imayamba kumapeto kwa Indian chilimwe, koma zamoyo zambiri za eukaryotiki zimatha kukolola pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Fufuzani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino ndi: bowa, govorushki, uchi wa agaric, boletus, chanterelles, mbewa zazing'ono ndi mvula. M'madera a m'nkhalango ndi m'mphepete mwa chilumbachi, mitundu yoposa 100 ya zamoyo zimakula, zomwe zimapezeka pakati pa mitundu yonse ya zakudya ndi zowopsa. Bowa yoyamba ikhoza kupezeka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe m'madera a steppe ndi kumunda. Nthanda itangoyamba kusungunuka, morels pang'ono, goladchas, raincoats amapita. Nthaŵi ya chilimwe imakulolani kumasangalala ndi nyengo ya bowa ndi kusonkhanitsa bowa zosiyana: zoyera, mafuta, uchi wamkati. Mwachidziwitso kwa chisanu, ophunzirira bowa amapeza mbewa kapena, monga iwo amatchedwanso, imvi ryadovok. Mitengo pafupifupi 1,500 ya micromycetes ndi bowa zapamapiri zimakula pa chilumba, chomwe chimapezeka m'madera otentha, m'nkhalango, kumadera a nkhalango, komanso kunja kwa midzi ndi midzi, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Mukudziwa? Popeza nyengo ya Crimea ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwake, ngakhale osankha bowa omwe amadziwa bwino sadziwa bwinobwino nthawi yoyamba ya bowa. Ndicho chifukwa chake sikutheka konse kukhazikitsa kalendala yosonkhanitsa mitundu ina.

Bowa Chodyera

Peninsula imatchuka chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo za eukaryotiki, koma odziwa bwino amakonda kwambiri omwe amadziwika bwino komanso odziwika bwino:

• Nkhumba yoyera yamapiri kapena giant govorushka. Mutha kuchipeza kuyambira chilimwe mpaka m'mawa, mu nkhalango zakuda kapena zam'madzi. Malo, omwe akubadwira ndi Crimea, amakula m'magulu, choncho, ngati pali nthumwi imodzi pansi pa mtengo, ndiye kuti, "abale" ake ali pafupi. Kuzindikira za bowa zoyera zimakhala zosavuta, zimakhala ndi zikopa zazikulu, zokhala ndi minofu yokongola, ya mtundu wofiira. Mgugu wake ndi wolimba kwambiri, poyerekezera ndi kapu - yaifupi, ndi tizinthu ting'onoting'onoting'ono kapena potsulo. Govorushka thupi la beige losiyana, fungo losangalatsa. Bowa wachikulire ikhoza kukhala ndi mbuyo pang'ono. Mabala a Gingerbread samapitirira nthawi yaitali, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutatha kukolola - yokazinga, yophika, yophika, ndi zina zotero.

• Chanterelles kapena makoko. Chofala kwambiri m'dera la Simferopol. Amasonkhanitsanso m'madera a Bakhchisaray, Belogorsk ndi Kirov. Chanterelles amakonda malo a dzuwa, nkhalango zamapiri, mazira, amatha kupezeka pa mosses, pafupi ndi maluwa, mapiritsi ndi birch. Iwo amakula m'magulu, kuyambira poyamba ndi kutha ndi mwezi watha wa chilimwe. Mbali yaikulu ya chanterelles ndi kusowa kwa kusintha koyera kuchokera ku mwendo kupita ku kapu. Yotsirizirayi ndi yosalala kwambiri, ili ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha ndi phokoso pakati ndi ponseponse. Msola ndi wopyapyala, woponda. Chanterelles ndi yunifolomu, kuchokera ku chikasu chowala kupita ku lalanje, mtundu. Mnofu umakhala wolimba, wathanzi, ulibe fungo lolimba. Kukoma kosangalatsa, ndi kufooka kochepa. Nkhumba zimanyamula bwino, sizimatha. Oyenera m'njira iliyonse - yophika, yokazinga, yophika, yophika, etc.

Phunzirani momwe mankhwala a chanterelles aliri, momwe mungasiyanitse chenicheni chanterelle ndi chonyenga komanso momwe mungakonzekere bowawa m'nyengo yozizira: kuzimitsa kapena kuzizira.



• Mice kapena ryadovki imvi. Pali m'dzinja, mu September - October. Kwa iwo, osankha bowa amayendetsa kupita kumudzi wa Kolchugino kapena kumalo a kachipatala cha ku Crimea. Nkhumba zili ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, koma zimakhala zovuta kwa wosankha wopanda bowa kuti azidziwitse ku zovulaza. Bowa wodyetsedwa ali ndi kapu yazing'ono yomwe ili ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono. Pakatikati mwa kapu imayima tubercle. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana ndi kuwala mpaka mdima wandiweyani. Mvula itatha, pamwamba pake imakhala yotsekemera komanso yosasunthika, yomwe masambawo amamatira ku bowa ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuziwona mu udzu. Msowa wa bowa ndi wandiweyani, wochepa thupi, wowonjezera pansi ndipo uli ndi tsinde loyera kapena lachikasu. Mnofu ndi wolimba, koma wofooka, womwe umadziwika ndi ufa wochepa wa powdery. Ryadovki yokazinga, yophika, yophika, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi, zophika, ma sauces.

Pezani zambiri za momwe zikuwonekera, kumene zikukula, ndi zomwe zingakonzedwe kuchokera ku sulfure.


• Honey agaric. Iwo akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kudutsa m'dzinja, isanafike chisanu. Nkhumba sizipezeka kawirikawiri, kukula m'magulu onse pamtengo, stumps. Amakonda nthaka yonyowa. Chipewa cha achinyamata ndi concave pang'ono mkati, koma pamene icho chikukula chimakhala chophweka. Msola umatalika, pafupifupi masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Chipewa cha mtundu wofanana ndi mwendo ndi uchi, koma pamwamba pake pamakhala ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe amawoneka ngati bowa wofiirira.

Kuti asagwere pa bowa losakwanira, munthu ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi mitundu iti ya zakudya zomwe zimapezeka ndi bowa. Amayi amasiye amapitanso kumaphikidwe othandizira amadzi odzola, ozizira, amchere.

Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zimasonkhanitsa osati m'nkhalango zokha, zimatha kupezeka m'minda kapena m'minda.

• Maslata Malo omwe akugawidwawo ndi peninsula yonse, koma koposa zonse iwo amaika pa malo a Ai-Petri, m'mudzi wa Zelenogorskoye ndi Stroganovka. Sankhani glades, dzuwa, nkhalango. Kwa boletus a otha bowa ndi mphatso yeniyeni - ali ndi minofu, yowutsa mudyo, makapu aakulu, okhala ndi mafuta onunkhira, a nsalu ya brownish. Kapu ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, kenako itatha. Mwendo wandiweyani wochuluka umakula mpaka masentimita 11, mthunzi wosiyana. Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe, mafutawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina ya bowa.


Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa boilers, komanso momwe mungawayeretse mwamsanga ndi kuwakonzekera m'nyengo yozizira.

• Ryzhiki. Nyengo ya Ryzhikov - Chilimwe chilimwe, pamene imakula m'madera akum'mwera kwa chilumbachi, m'mudzi wa Rybachye. Bowa ngati malo ozizira, amdima. Kukula m'magulu pansi pa mitengo, mitsinje, m'zigawo zamtundu wautali komanso mizere. Ryzhiki ali ndi kapu yaikulu ya lalanje yomwe ili ndi madigiri 12 cm, yokutidwa ndi mbale zofiira zochokera pansipa, zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira. Msowa wa bowa uli wandiweyani, mpaka masentimita awiri, mamita ndi owopsya, umakonda zokoma ndi zipatso zowala. Ryzhiki yophikidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, chinthu chachikulu ndi kuwonjezera zonunkhira zonunkhira kwa iwo.

• Mvula. Bowa awa ali ofanana ndi nkhuku, zomwe sizingatheke poizoni. Mukhoza kuwapeza m'nkhalango zakuda, pafupifupi kulikonse. Mitundu iwiri ya mitundu itatu ya mvula imaperekedwera m'dera la Crimea: chimphona chachikulu ndi peyala. Yoyamba imakula mpaka masentimita 34. Bowa amasiyana mozungulira, mawonekedwe ooneka ngati mapeyala, ali ndi mtundu woyera, khungu lopweteka ndi timapepala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa chikasu.

Ndikofunikira! Mvula yokhala ndi mvula yokha ndiyo yabwino yokophika, yokha ndi mnofu woyera.

Woopsa bowa wa Crimea

Chilumba cha Crimea chimatchuka osati chifukwa cha bowa wambiri zokha, m'madera ake amamera mitundu yambiri yoopsa. Ambiri mwawo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi odyetsedwa, ndipo osakwanira omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito mowa ndi osavuta kuwasokoneza, kotero kuti musanayambe "kusaka mwakachetechete," muyenera kuphunzira zida ndi zizindikiro zakunja za zamoyo zam'magazi zakupha.

Pali mitundu itatu ya bowa. Taganizirani aliyense payekha.

Kuopsa Kwambiri

• Chirabe chapafupi - bowa kwambiri omwe amatha kufa. Ndi iye yemwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti poizoni azipha. Nkhumba zimakonda nthaka yachonde, mitengo yosakanikirana ndi mitengo ya beech. Kapu ya toadstool ili ndi kayendedwe ka hemisphere, kenako imakhala yozungulira. Mtundu - kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku greenish. Lamu loonda, mpaka 2.5 cm mu msinkhu. Thupi ndi loyera, losasunthika, lofewa, ndi fungo lofewa ndi kukoma. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za white toadstool ndi kukhalapo kwa msuzi woyera woyera pansi pa mwendo.

Ndikofunikira! Palibe njira yothandizira kutentha sikusunga toadstool kuchokera ku kukhala ndi poizoni wakupha. Kumeza kwa 30 g ya bowa kungathe kuledzera, ngakhale imfa.

• Amanita woyera - chodziŵika bwino toadstool, kunja mofanana kwambiri ndi iye, komanso chopha chakupha. Amamera m'nkhalango zakuda, amakonda malo a mandimu. Chipewa cha bowa wamkulu chikhale choyera, choyera, choyera, ndi masentimita 10.5. Mnofu wake ndi woyera, m'malo mwake ndi wonyezimira, ndi zosautsa ndi zonunkhira. Mtundu woonda thupi, wandiweyani pansi, wokongola. Chinthu chosiyana ndi bowa woyera ndi "msuzi" wooneka ngati dzira pansi pa mwendo. Kupha poizoni ndi bowa kumayambitsa kusanza, kunyoza, kutsekula m'magazi, kuchepa kupsinjika, kutaya mtima kwa thupi, kutaya chidziwitso.

• Chovala chobiriwira chachikasu - Woimira uchi wa agedics wosakanizidwa, womwe umakhala woopsa ndi wofanana ndi "abale" odyedwa. Komabe, maonekedwe owopsa amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa mphete pa tsinde, yomwe ili ndi matsenga enieni. Lzhegrib ali ndi kapu ya sulfure, yachikasu, yomwe imakhala yaikulu mpaka masentimita 7, yoboola belu. Pakukula, imawonjezeka ndipo imakhala yosalala. Thupi ndi lachikasu, lowawa, liri ndi fungo lonyoza. Thupi lochepa thupi, losalala, lachinyontho ndi laling'ono la fibrous. Kupha poizoni ndi nkhandwe yonyenga kumachitika mphindi zingapo zitatha. Munthuyo amayamba kudwala, mutu wake ukutha, kusanza ndi kuzizira zikuwonekera.

Bowa woopsa umene umakhudza dongosolo la manjenje

• Wachizungu - imapezeka pa nkhalango yotseguka glades, malo odyetserako ziweto, malo odyetserako ziweto. Bowa sakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakati pa kapu ndi tsinde. Mmene kapu imapangidwira kapena yowoneka ngati mazira, ndi m'mphepete mwavi, pinki yotumbululuka. Msola uli wotsika, mpaka 1 masentimita wandiweyani, olimba. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, mdulidwe suli mdima, umakhala ndi ubwino wabwino wa bowa ndi fungo labwino. Chinthu chosiyana ndi govorushki ndi chipika cha mealy pamwamba pa kapu. Kugwiritsira ntchito bowa sikumayambitsa imfa, koma kumayambitsa kusanza, kunyowa, kupuma kwa kupuma, kusagwira mtima.

• Amanita wofiira - bowa omwe amadziwika ndi aliyense kuyambira ali mwana, yomwe, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, sangathe kusokonezeka ndi mitundu ina. Kapu yake ndi yowopsya, yooneka bwino, yofiira ndi mtundu woyera. Amanita amatha kupezeka pa dothi losavuta m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Bowayi ili ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'mimba zimayambitsa zokhazokha, mavuto ndi kumva ndi masomphenya.

• Fibers - amakhala pa loam, m'mapiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zimasiyanitsa ndi belu lopangidwa ndi belu, limene limakula, limatuluka pansi. Pamwamba pa kapu ndi yosalala, yofiira, yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku uchi wa golide kupita ku bulauni. Mnofu uli ndi fungo losasangalatsa, mwendo uli wapamwamba, woonda, ndi chophimba cha mealy. Tisiyanitsani zofiira pa kapu yoboola pakati.

Bowa zomwe zimayambitsa poizoni ndi mavuto ndi tsamba la m'mimba

• Zojambula zofiira - Ndizovuta kwambiri, amakonda nyengo yofunda, madera a mapiri, nthaka yamchere, nkhalango zambiri. Amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa chipewa chachikulu cha bulauni chomwe chimakhala ngati malo osadziwika. Mukamakanikizira pazithunzithunzi za mdima wamdima wakuda, chifukwa chomwe mungachizindikire. Mnofu uli ndi fungo losangalatsa pang'ono, lokoma pambuyo pake ndi zolembera za fruity. Mwendo wautali, mpaka masentimita 15, wandiweyani - mpaka masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake, bulauni mu mtundu wofiira.

• Phokoso la pinki - Bowa woopsa umene ungayambitse mavuto aakulu m'ntchito ya m'matumbo. Imakhala ndi tizilombo tating'ono, tating'ono, pakati ndi dzenje, chipewa cha kuwala kapena mdima wakuda. Mukakanikizika, mtundu wa kapu umakhala wakuda. Tsindeli liri ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, osasinthasintha, mpaka 6 masentimita pamwamba. Mphepo yonse imatulutsa madzi oyera a mandimu, omwe amawoneka kuti ndiwowokha.

• Nkhumba zachinyengo - amagawidwa m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, ikupezeka mu August - November. Zimasiyana ndi chanterelles zokhala ndi zakudya zowonjezera, mwendo wofiira ndi mthunzi wa njerwa. Kapu ya bowa yotsekemera kapena yopanga mapuloteni, ili ndi chimbudzi chachikasu ndi golide, chakuda pakatikati. Thupi ndilosiyana ndi fungo losasangalatsa.

Mukudziwa? Ziphuphu zonyenga zimaonedwa kuti zimakhala zowawa kwambiri bowa, koma ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito. Zingayambitse mavuto m'thupi, chimfine, mutu, kusanza, ndi zina zotero.

Malemba ndi malo

Chiwombankhanga cha Crimea chimatchuka kwambiri ndi osankha bowa, chifukwa ali ndi mawanga ambiri. Malo otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

• malo a Ai-Petri ndi Demerdzhi, kumene amisonkhanowo amphona amasonkhanitsa, zipolopolo;
• dera lochokera ku Sevastopol ku Bakhchisarai, komwe kuli chanterelles zambiri;
• chigawo cha steppe cha malo osungiramo zinthu Donuzlav ndi Sasyk - magulu a zojambulazo ali pamwamba pano;
• nkhalango za Rybachy ndi Phiri la Kumwera, kumene bowa, mvula yamvula, chanterelles zimakula;
• dera la Kolchugino ndi Crimea Observatory, kumene chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbewa zimayambira;
• malo otsetsereka pansi, malo omwe ali ndi nkhuni zowola ali ndi mvula yamvula;
• Chigawo cha Stroganovsky ndi mudzi wa Zelenogorsk, kumene amapezeka nkhumba zambiri.

Nyengo ya bowa pa peninsula ya Crimea imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika ndipo imatha kumapeto kwa autumn. Panthawiyi, osankha bowa amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, zomwe zimasiyana mooneka, kununkhira, kulawa. Komabe, panthawi ya "kusaka chete" munthu sayenera kuiwala za kukhalapo kwa oimira bowa chakupha, omwe nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati odyetsedwa. Ngati palibe chidaliro mu bowa, ndi bwino kuchidutsa ndi kupatsa mitundu yodziwika ndi yovomerezeka.