Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa akuti poyera, zipatso zake zimakula kwazaka zopitilira makumi awiri, zachidziwikire, kubzala ndi chisamaliro zimachitika malinga ndi zonse zofunika. Mabasi amakongoletsa malo aliwonse ndi masamba awo opepuka.
Kuwulula
Peonies mizu kokha ndi yoyenera. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi, malo ndi zina zina.
Nthawi
Kubzala panja m'dzinja ndiko komwe kumakonda kwambiri. Mu Seputembala, mizu imakula, duwa limakhala ndi nthawi yochira pakatha nthawi yomera, likupeza mphamvu. Tikufika tikuyenera kuchitika mwezi umodzi ndi theka lisanayambike chisanu. Izi zimapereka chitsimikizo kuti chitsamba chimazika mizu isanazizire.
Kusunga nthawi kumatengera madera ndi nyengo yake:
- Ku Siberia, kutera kumachitika mu Ogasiti komanso m'miyezi iwiri yoyambilira yophukira. Kumpoto, muyenera kuimaliza masabata asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu kale kuposa kumwera.
- Mu Urals, ikamatera ikuchitika kuyambira 2nd of August mpaka pakati pa Seputembara.
- Masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri pambuyo pake, ma peonies amabzalidwa mumsewu wapakati komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo (zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito ku Chigawo cha Moscow).
- M'madera akumwera, peonies ayenera kubzala kuyambira September mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.
Ndi isanayambike chisanu choyambirira m'deralo, ikamatera imachitika mchaka. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka ndiyovuta kulekerera ndipo siyitha kuchira kwakutalika. Kuti zinthu zisinthe, kubzala kumavomerezeka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, chisanu chikasungunuka, m'nthaka yonyowa.
Izi sizikugwira ntchito pazomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yotsekedwa (kulima kumachitika m'mabokosi, m'miphika). Masamba oterewa amatha kubzala kuyambira koyambirira kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira (ngakhale miyezi yotentha yotentha: Juni, Julayi).
Zida zakubzala: kusankha ndi ntchito yokonzekera
Zomera zobzala zimasankhidwa-kakang'ono. Dividend wamba ili ndi kutalika kwakatalika pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri, atatu mpaka asanu. Mwachitsanzo, Holland yosiyanasiyana ndiyotalika masentimita asanu mpaka asanu ndi atatu; pali masamba atatu kapena atatu. Peonies yokhala ndi magawo imamera bwino kwambiri kuposa toyesa zazikulu.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala zitsamba zazikuluzikulu zosapangidwa. Amapereka masamba mu chaka choyamba, koma ma rhizomes akale amafa msanga. Izi zimalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwatsopano, pichesiyo imakhala yofooka, imakhala pachimake kwambiri ndipo mwina imafa.
Zomera zakale zosapangidwa bwino zimakumbidwa ndikutsuka dothi. Madera atsopano okhala ndi impso m'malo mwake ndi mizu yodulidwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zodzala.
Zoyerekezera zazing'ono zimakhazikitsidwa pabedi logawika. Kuwala kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chapadera (masentimita 15 mpaka 20 mzere, masentimita 50-60 pakati). Mbande zimafunikira chisamaliro chokwanira. Zomera zodzala bwino zingabzalidwe m'malo osatha patatha chaka, zina zonse - zikamakula.
Malo malo, dothi
Peonies amakonda kutentha ndi kuwala. Amalekerera pang'ono pang'ono mpaka maola atatu patsiku. Ndikofunikira kuti ateteze mbewu ku dzuwa masana. Maluwa amaopa mphepo yakumpoto ndi kukonzekera. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo pachaka chimodzi, koma kwa zaka zingapo nthawi imodzi.
Kwa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, mizu imakula mpaka 70-80 masentimita. Chifukwa chake, malowa ayenera kusankhidwa ndi makonzedwe akuya a pansi panthaka. Ndikofunikanso kuti malowo asadzaze chipale chofewa. Kuchepetsa chinyezi kudzatsogolera kukuwola kwa mpweya ndi kufa kwa duwa.
Kubzala dothi liyenera kukhala lalifupi kapena lalitali. Peonies mizu bwino mu lotayirira, olemedwa ndi zinthu zofunikira lapansi, akudutsa mpweya mafunde.
Mukabzala mu dothi lamchenga, limaphatikizidwa ndi humus, peat, phulusa, ufa wa dolomite, nthaka yamunda. Ngati peonies ibzalidwe mu dothi wandiweyani, imasakanizidwa ndi mchenga, peat (izi zimapangitsa kuti gawo lapansi likhale louma, lotayirira). Mchenga umawonjezedwanso ku chakudya chopatsa thanzi, koma mwachangu c cozozem.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Gawo ili ndilofunikira pakukula koyenera, kakulidwe, maluwa ndi kutalika kwa mbewu. Maenje amakumbidwa milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi asanachotsedwe. Panthawi imeneyi, dziko lapansi lidzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhazikika. Zitsime zili pamtunda wa masentimita 80-100 kuchokera pa mzake (ngati mutazikumba pamodzi, tchire limakula bwino). Kuzama kwa maenje ndi masentimita 60-70. Kuzungulira - masentimita 55-70.
Kusakaniza kwa:
- kompositi lapansi;
- peat;
- manyowa
- potaziyamu sulfate 150 magalamu;
- fupa chakudya 350 magalamu;
- superphosphate 170-200 magalamu;
- nthaka inadontha laimu 140-170 magalamu (pomwe dothi ndi dongo).
Unyinji umasakanizika ndi topsoil, wophatikizika pang'ono. Osakaniza wazakudya ayenera kudzaza dzenje pakati.
Malamulo obzala
Mukamatera, malamulo otsatirawa amawonedwa:
- Mitundu yonga mitengo imabzalidwa mozama masentimita 80, mitundu ya udzu - 60 cm. Papangidwe la dzenjelo ndi masentimita 60 ndi 50, motsatana.
- Pansi pa dzenje limapindika ndi dambo kuti tipewe chinyezi.
- Dzenjelo limadzaza ndi gawo lina la michere.
- Pambuyo kufalikira kwa mizu m'nthaka, imakutidwa ndi dothi masentimita 15 mpaka 20 kuti impso zisakhale pamtunda. Ngati izi sizinachitike, malo okula (gawo louma kwambiri) sangakhale otetezedwa ku zinthu zakunja: dzuwa lowopsa, mphepo yozizira, chisanu ndi zina zonse. Komabe, kubzala chomera kwambiri sikulinso koyenera. Ngakhale imaphuka masamba, imaphukira bwino kapena sipanga mphukira konse.
- Dothi limapangidwa bwino ndikuthirira (8-10 malita a madzi mwachitsanzo).
- Mukabzala m'chilimwe kapena yophukira, peonies amawumbika ndi peat (wosanjikiza masentimita 10). Gawo lazakudya zomwe mungadzaze dzenjemo musanabzike lingapangike ndi inu nokha, mugulidwe m'masitolo apadera a wamaluwa. Zoyenera zonse zobzala zikwaniritsidwa, peonies azikongoletsa mundawo ndi masamba ake obzala kwazaka zambiri, osafuna kumuwonjezera pafupipafupi kapena kukonzanso.
Zolakwika ndi kupewa kwawo
Wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagula mphukira za peonies kumapeto kwa dzinja, masika oyambirira. Nthawi yomweyo, oyamba kumene amalakwitsa kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuwononga mbewu: zimasungidwa mpaka kubzala m'malo osayenera.
Peony ndi mbewu yosatha yomwe imafunikira "poyambira ozizira" (imagwira ntchito pozungulira ma hybrids). Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbande zimayamba kukula ma rhizomes pokhapokha pamtunda wotsika (kuchokera 0 mpaka +10 degrees). Ngati mungayang'anire pawindo lotentha kapena pafupi ndi batri, imakupatsani impso zambiri. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati chizindikiro chabwino poyamba. Komabe, mphukira zoterezi zimafa msanga. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kutentha kwambiri kumatenga onse ochokera m'nthaka amapita kumtunda (masamba). Mizu imachotsa msanga zotsalazo ndikufa.
Pofuna kuvulaza maluwawo, amakutidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira, woyikidwa mu gawo lazamasamba la firiji kapena pathanolo lozizira pochepera kuphatikiza kutentha. Mutha kuyikanso zodula mu chipale chofewa kumpoto kwa kapangidwe kake. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti akhalebe pansi pa chisanu chisanasungunuke. Sikoyenera kuda nkhawa kuti mphukira, njira zachilengedwe zotere sizimavulaza mbewuzo.
Nthaka ikawotha pang'ono, masamba a peonies amabzala pabedi logawidwa. Pamwamba amakhala ndi peat. Pofika m'dzinja, mphukira imazika mizu bwino, idzasunthira pamalowo malo okhazikika.
Olima Amateur amalakwitsa chifukwa chomwe ma peonies sapereka masamba konse kapena sawasungunula. Zodziwika kwambiri mwa izo:
- malo okula ayalidwa kwambiri pansi (mozama kupitirira masentimita 5) kapena, mosiyana, amakhala kumtunda pamwamba pa nthaka (pamtunda wa masentimita 2-3);
- tchire labzalidwa m'malo otetezeka kapena lonyowa;
- Delenki ndizochepa kwambiri;
- mbande ndi zokulirapo, michere m'nthaka sikokwanira kutulutsa;
- mbewuyo ndi yokalamba kwambiri, imafunika kupatsika ndi magawo;
- nthaka yokhala ndi acidity yambiri, iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndikuwonjezera phulusa kapena phulusa lamatabwa;
- adayambitsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
- masamba anali atapanga mazira mu kasupe (mbewuyo imayenera kuyikiridwa mu nthawi yozizira);
- chaka chatha, masamba adadulidwa molawirira;
- mbewu idawola chifukwa njira zothanirana sizinatengedwe;
- Nyengo yathayo, duwa lidalibe madzi ambiri ndikuthiridwa manyowa.
Kuti chomera chamuyaya chikule, ndikofunikira kuthetsa zomwe zimalepheretsa izi. Nthawi zambiri, kusamutsa kumalo abwino kwambiri kumafunika, kumachitidwa mogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi zofunikira zonse. Ngati tchire silikutuluka chifukwa cha matendawa, ayenera kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala apadera ogulidwa (fungicides). Ndi zowola imvi kapena bakiteriya, Bayleton 0,1%, Topsin M 2%, Fundazole 0%, thandizo la Azophos.
