Mpesa wokolola wamphesa wamtengo wapatali wamtunduwu wakhala ukudziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi zina amatchedwa "mfumu ya minda yamphesa". Vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo amadziwika ndi kukonzanso, kuwala ndi kolumikizana kukoma.
Mphesa Riesling zosiyanasiyana ndondomeko - zizindikiro, zithunzi kenako mu nkhaniyi.
Riesling zosiyanasiyana
Riesling ndi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zoyera zopangidwa kuti apange vinyo ndi madzi. Mitundu yomweyi ndi Alpha, Pinot Noir ndi Cabernet.
Makhalidwe ake a chikhalidwe ndi a chilengedwe ndi osiyana siyana ndi zachilengedwe-magulu a mitundu ya kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.
Mphesa wokhwima chaka ndi chaka umakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, umatonthozedwa pa nodes. Achinyamata amawombera - ndi aang'ono omwe amamva pubescence.
Leaf morphology:
- mawonekedwe a tsambali ndi kuzungulira, kuya kwake kwachepera;
- malekezero a masamba ang'onoting'ono;
- tsamba lakuda liri lakuda;
- masamba aang'ono ali ndi mthunzi wa mkuwa, okhwima - obiriwira obiriwira, kugwa kumatembenukira chikasu;
- Pansi pa tsambali ndi pubescent, pali zochepa maselo pa mitsempha;
- Machesi apamwamba amatsekedwa, amawoneka ngati avire;
- Kucheka kwakufupi ndi kofatsa, kutseguka.
Voronkovidnye ndi masamba owopsya ali ndi khalidwe la convex m'munsi mitsempha, lalikulu makwinya pamwamba pa nkhope yonse. Mapesi a maluwa ndi mphukira zosapsa amadziwika ndi mtundu wawo wofiira.
Riesling maluwa okwatirana. Pambuyo maluwa, timagulu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala timene timakhala tambirimbiri tomwe timakhala ndi mtundu wa bluish pachimake. Zipatsozo ndi zofewa, zophimbidwa ndi khungu lochepa. Chinthu choyipa pazosiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa madontho ang'onoang'ono a bulauni pa chipatso.
Moldova, Count of Monte Cristo ndi Galben Nou amakhalanso ndi maluwa okwatirana.
Mitengo Riesling mitundu ndi amphamvu-kukula, ndi woonda, pang'ono kufalitsa mphukira. Mpesa umakula bwino.
Pereka Riesling ndi yotsika. Koma chilakolako choonjezera mbeu mwa kukula pa dothi lachonde kwambiri chimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu ku chipatso cha chipatso.
Zima hardiness ndithu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nyengo, mphesa zimapirira nyengo yozizizira yam'madzi. Kugwetsa maluwa ndi zipatso ndizokulu. Zinyama zili ndi chizoloŵezi cha pea. Chizindikiro chomwechi ndi Muscat wa Hamburg, Transfiguration ndi Hadji Murat.
Chithunzi
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Kwa nthawi yoyamba mitundu iyi ya mphesa imatchulidwa mu 1435 m'mabuku a mzinda wa Germany wa Rüsselsheim. Zikuganiziridwa kuti otsala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana anali mpesa wamtundu ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yolima.
Anakwera m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Rhine, yomwe madera ake adakali ndi minda yamphesa lero, Riesling posakhalitsa imafalikira ku madera ena.
Panopa, magawo awiri pa atatu alionse a Riesling mphesa amakula ku Germany. Maulendo ake akufalikiranso ku Austria, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Romania, United States, Argentina ndi mayiko ena ambiri omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha, koma nyengo yowonjezereka.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Riesling ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa yomwe imasowa kutentha kwakukulu m'nyengo yokula.
Komanso, mukalamba ndi kutentha mofulumira, kukoma kwa zipatso ndi vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo ndi zopanda pake.
Komabe chigawo chokula ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira ya nyengo yokula, popeza zosiyana ndi zakumapeto.
Mphesa zimayamba kuphuka mu September, ndipo potsiriza zimatha mu November. Kupsa pang'ono pakakhala nyengo yoziziritsa bwino kumakhudza mapangidwe a mbewu zabwino kwambiri.
Pofuna kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthaka yobala, osati nthaka yabwino kwambiri imatengedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri, yolimbikitsa zipatso kuti ipeze mineral zinthu monga momwe zingathere. Mphesa zimakhala zovuta kupereka chinyezi.
Zigawo zomwe zimalimidwa zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kotero zimamera mphesa, monga lamulo, popanda pogona.
Mpesa wamphesa m'njira ziwiri:
- Akakhala wamkulu popanda pogona, amathira 1.2 mamita pamwamba (mapewa awiri amphongo, mivi isanu ndi umodzi ya zipatso);
- chifukwa chophimba kulima, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira mapiritsi anayi (kutalika kwa manja ndi pafupifupi theka la mita).
Thandizo:
- nyengo yokula imakhala masiku 150-160;
- nambala yofunikira ya kutentha kwambiri ndi 2896 ° C.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Riesling ali kuchepetsa khansa ya bakiteriya, yotenga matenda ndi oidium ndi imvi nkhungu. M'zaka zamvula, mankhwala owonjezera amafunika kuthana ndi matendawa. Mlingo wokhala ndi mildew ndi wawung'ono.
Kuwonongeka kwa Zipatso Mafangayi a mtundu wa Botryscierea amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Pambuyo pa bowawu, zipatso zimataya madzi ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga ndi mchere ziwonjezeke mu zipatso.
Kuonjezera apo, bowa palokha limapatsa kukoma kokoma ndi zonunkhira kwa zipatso, kuwonjezera maluwa a vinyo wamtsogolo. Sizodziwika kuti nkhungu imeneyi imatchedwa "wolemekezeka".
Pa tizirombo, vuto lalikulu kwambiri la zipatso za mphesa ndi phylloxera ndi zolembedwera sapmans. Mukawopsezedwa ndi tizirombozi, ndizofunikira kuti tipewe njira zothandizira, popeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sichigwira ntchito bwino.
Ngakhale zokolola zochepa komanso zowonongeka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda ena, kulima mitundu sikumayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Kuwonjezera pa iye kusamvetsetsa kuti nthaka ikhale yobereka ndipo imakhala yochepa chifukwa cha matenda - mliri wamphesa. Chidwi cha ogula malonda pazinthu zosiyanasiyana chakhala chokwera kwa zaka zambiri.
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