Kukula bowa kunyumba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikumveka kutchuka kwambiri. Mtsogoleri wa bowa amakula kunyumba ndi bowa wa oyster. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndi kuphweka kwa teknoloji, zokolola komanso bowa oyisitara omwe amachititsa kuti aliyense aziwoneka. Potsatira ndondomeko ndi malangizo, aliyense angathe mosavuta, pogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi zipangizo zokhazokha, kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 3 a mbewu pa kilogalamu ya mycelium yoyambirira. Chimodzimodzinso chipinda chosankhidwa bwino, mtundu wa mycelium ndi gawo lapansi ndilo fungulo la kulima bwino bowa wa oyster kunyumba.
Kumene mungamere bowa wa oyster, kusankha malo
Kulima bowa wa oyster kunyumba, ndithudi, kuyenera kuyamba ndi kuthetsa vuto lochepa, koma lofunika kwambiri - kusankha malo a bowa. Posankha, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti m'chilengedwe pafupifupi bowa zonse, ndi bowa kwambiri, amakula kwambiri m'malo omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino. Komanso, chinyezi cha malo okula, monga lamulo, chiposa 50%.
Choncho, kulima bowa kunyumba kumayenera kukhazikitsidwa m'zipinda zomwe zimatha kubwezeretsanso zachilengedwe. Malo oterowo akhoza kukhala wowonjezera kutentha, okhetsedwa kapena chapansi - malo oterewa ndi otchuka kwambiri, koma kwenikweni, zosankha zidzakhala payekha ndipo zidzangodalira kokha potsatira chipinda chokhala ndi zofunika izi:
- Mphuno ya chinyezi cha chipindacho chiyenera kukhala pakati pa 70 mpaka 90%;
- Pa masabata atatu oyambirira, matumba a mycelium ayenera kubisika ku dzuwa;
- Pambuyo pa maonekedwe oyambirira a zipatso, matumba omwe ali ndi boizoni maola oposa 8 ayenera kulandira mazira kapena masana tsiku lililonse;
- Kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda sikuyenera kuchepa kuposa madigiri 20, koma osapitirira 30;
- Kwa nthawi yonseyi, luso la kukula kwa oyster bowa kunyumba limatanthauza kukhalapo kwa mpweya wabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Chipinda chosankhidwa ndicho maziko ndi chikole cha zokolola. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukhala yoopsa kwambiri, popeza kusagwirizana ndi zofunikira zomwe zingapereke sikungathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa bowa, komanso kuchotsa zonsezi.
Mmene mungakhalire bowa wa oyster, kukonzekera ndi kukonza za gawo lapansi
Musanayambe kukula bowa, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe mungamere bowa wa oyster ndi chomwe chimachokera kumapeto. Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu ndi kukonzekera ndi kukonza kwa gawolo, lomwe kwenikweni ndi malo osungirako kukula kwa oyisitara bowa. Monga momwe ziliri ndi magawo ena, zolakwika zilizonse pa nthawi yokonzekera zingakhudze zokolola, chifukwa chake zimalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo osavuta ndi malangizo.
Kugula kwa mycelium
Kugulitsa kwa mycelium kumapangidwa ndi masitolo ambiri apadera komanso makampani ena omwe amapanga bowa wa oyster. Ndi kugula kuchokera kwa opanga opanga amenewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa wosankha mbozi. Malingana ndi zofunikira ndi zochitika zamakono pazitali, mycelium, monga lamulo, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, koma panthaŵiyi sichikuliratu bwino, ndiko kuti, chimapereka zokolola zambiri. Mycelium yakonzedwa kale ndipo imabala chipatso, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mycelium yatsopano.
Ndalama yogula mycelium iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zokolola zofunidwa - mosamala kunyumba ndizotheka kukweza makilogalamu 3 a boizoni ndi kilogalamu ya mycelium. Kumbukirani kuti zikwama zowonjezera bowa wa oyster mufupikitsa zingathe kubzala katatu. Zili zovuta kukhazikitsa kusankha kwa mycelium pamene ndikugula pa zizindikiro zilizonse chifukwa chosowa zowonongeka, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti tisamangomvetsera kukula kwa mycelium ndi ukulu wake, komanso kuti tisankhe chovomerezeka ndi wogulitsa wogulitsa.
Momwe mungapangire substrate nokha
Msika wamakono uli wodzaza ndi magawo osiyanasiyana pofuna kulima zomera zosiyanasiyana ndi bowa. Komabe, ena osankha bowa nthawi zonse amapanga chisankho chothandizira gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi manja ake. Cholinga choterocho, chimakhala bwino kumaganizira zochitika za nyengo, chisamaliro ndi zikhalidwe za ndende, koma ziyenera kumveka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwake kumadalira chigawo choyenera, chomwe chimafunikanso luso ndi chidziwitso.
Komanso nthaka ya masamba, magawo a bowa oyambilira ayenera kukhala ndi makina apamwamba komanso amchere. Ndikofunika kuti masamba, utuchi, udzu, etc. - osankhidwa ndi oyeretsedwa komanso ochiritsidwa. Amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala - ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti bowa wa oyster wakula kuti adye, choncho ubwino wa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo chiyenera kubwera poyamba.
Chilengedwe chodziwika cha gawo lapansi ndi ndondomeko yosavuta yomwe ili ndi magawo atatu okha:
- Sakanizani gawo losankhidwa ndi mankhwala otentha ndi / kapena mankhwala;
- Kuwaza kwa gawo lapansi ku magawo osapitirira 4-5 masentimita ndi kuchiritsidwa mobwerezabwereza kwa maola awiri;
- Kupota
Mukudziwa?Kuwonjezera pa kudya, bowa wa oyster wapeza ntchito mu mankhwala achikhalidwe. Choncho, mu maphikidwe otchuka a mayiko akummawa, bowa wa oyster ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri ndipo limakhala ngati chipwirikiti cha matenda ambiri.
Cholinga chokonzekera
Kukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi kwa kulima bowa wa oyster kumayamba ndi malo wamba, koma kusankha kofunikira kwambiri zipangizo. Zotsatira zabwino za kumera ndi zokolola zimapezeka mu gawo la tirigu kapena balere, mphukira ya mpendadzuwa, ziboda za chimanga ndi mapesi ake, komanso mankhwala a buckwheat.
Ndikofunikira! Mwachizoloŵezi, gawoli limapezeka kawirikawiri chifukwa cha utuchi kapena shavings wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni, komabe, kulima bowa wa oyster kunyumba mofananakwa oyamba kumene-Ndondomeko yovuta yomwe imafunikanso, njira yowonjezera.Pazigawo zoyamba za kukonzekera kwa gawo lapansi, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muwone bwinobwino zisankho zokhazokha ndi kusakhala nkhungu. Gawo lotsatirali ndikukupukuta kwazitsamba zopangira tizigawo ting'onoting'ono tating'ono totalika masentimita asanu.
Pofuna kuthetseratu kachilombo ka substrate ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowononga, zomwe sizikuvomerezeka kwambiri pa nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito bowa wa oyster oyendetsa chakudya, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziwotchedwe. Kuwonjezera apo, njirayi idzawonjezera chinyezi cha zipangizo kwa mlingo woyenera.
Kukonzekera kuli ndi zochitika zingapo:
- Chipinda cha zipangizo zotsekedwa ndi zowonongeka mu zitsulo zazitsulo zambiri;
- Kudzaza gawolo ndi madzi ambiri (mu chiwerengero cha 1: 2);
- Kuphika gawo lapansi kwa maola 2-2.5 mpaka kukonzetsa kwathunthu chakudya;
- Sungani madzi otsala ndikuziziritsa gawo lapansi kuti lizizira kutentha kwa 30 ° C ndi kudzaza kwathunthu.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi a m'madzi oyambirira, ngakhale kudalira mabokosi a oyster pa chinyezi, ndithudi zimapangitsa gawolo kukhala losafunikira kuti likhale ndi bowa kunyumba. Choncho, pamene compressing zipangizo mu dzanja, kokha madontho a madontho ndi ololedwa.
Ntchito yopanga bowa imatseka
Nkhumba za bowa ndi mtundu wa bedi komwe bowa wa oyster amakula. Monga lamulo, thumba la pulasitiki limasankhidwa ngati "mphamvu" pa chipika. Dziwani kuti thumbalo liyenera kutetezedwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana kapena kutenthedwa kutentha mosalephera. Njira yothandizira yothandizira ndi kutsuka ndi njira ya bleach. The mulingo woyenera thumba buku ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 makilogalamu.
Pambuyo pofafaniza kachigawo kakang'ono kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yake, mapangidwe a bowa amayamba - kusanjikiza ndi kutseka kudzaza thumba ndi gawo ndi mycelium. Malingana ndi zomwe akukambirana a ophika bowa odziwa bwino, gawo lililonse la masentimita 5-6 masentimita liyenera kukhala pafupi 0,5 masentimita a mycelium. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti choyamba ndi chotsiriza mu thumba ayenera kukhala gawo lapansi.
Pamapeto pake, thumba limamangidwa mwamphamvu pamutu. Gawo lomalizira - kutsekedwa kwapadera - kumakhala kudula mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Ndipo muzichita bwino kwambiri mu kachitidwe ka checkerboard.
Momwe mungasamalire bowa wa oyster
Monga lamulo, sizowonjezera kukula kwa oyster mushroom mycelium kunyumba - ndikwanira kupanga nyengo yabwino ndi kusamala bwino mycelium nthawi yakucha, kutsatira zotsatira.
Kusunga nyengo, kusakaniza masamba oyambirira
Kuyambira kuyambira masiku oyambirira akukula bowa, muyenera kusankha nthawi yomwe kutentha kwa bowa kumakula - kutentha kumakhala kosalekeza (mkatikati mwa 20 - 30 ° C) ndipo musasinthe moposa madigiri 1-2. Kupitirira malire otentha kutentha kumayambitsa kutentha kwa oyster mushroom mycelium ndikupha mphukira za mushroom zamtsogolo. Kutsika kwa kutentha kumakhalanso kovulaza.
Pamodzi ndi boma la kutentha, kulima bowa kunyumba kumayenera kukhala limodzi ndi msinkhu wokhazikika wa chinyezi. Mwamwayi, ngakhale bowa wa novice amasankha popanda chidziwitso cha kukula kwa oyster bowa amakhala ndi kayendedwe kodzipangira chinyezi kupyolera mu kuthirira. Kusakaniza kwa ukalamba mu nthawi yabwino kumatengera pafupifupi masiku 20-25.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wa kapu wa bowa oyisitara umadalira mikhalidwe yowonjezera. Choncho, osankhidwa ndi osungidwa nthawi zonse amakhala pafupifupi 20° Сidzakulolani kuti mupeze chipewa choyamba, ndi 28-30° С- mdima. Komabe, izi sizikusokoneza kukoma konse.
Momwe mungasamalire bowa pa kukula
Kusamalira bowa, ngakhale zooneka ngati zovuta, ndizosavuta ndipo sizikusowa luso lapadera ndi njira. Chofunikira chachikulu ndicho kusunga zikhalidwe za ndende. Panthawi yopuma, chipindacho sichiyenera kupuma mpweya, chifukwa carbon dioxide imapanga mwadongosolo zinthu zabwino kwambiri ndipo imachepetsa pang'ono chinyezi.
Kuonetsetsa kuti kuunika kokwanira kwa mita iliyonse ya malo akuyenera kukhala osachepera asanu a magetsi amphamvu. Kuwerenga tsiku ndi tsiku kuli maola 8.
Kuthirira gawoli ndi mycelium liyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku (ndi madzi otentha kwambiri). Pofuna kupewa matenda a boizoni m'chipindamo, ndibwino kuti tsiku lililonse muziyeretsa pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a klorini.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zina, ngakhale ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi machitidwe abwino okonzekera, munthu "amatseka" wa mycelium amatha kupanga zochepa kapena osabereka zipatso konse. Zikatero, nkofunika kuti mutulutse mosamala gawolo, liyeretseni ndikuyang'ana kukhalapo kwa bowa ndi nkhungu. Ngati gawo ndi mycelium ali ndi kachilombo, thumba liyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Momwe mungakolole
Choyamba chokolola cha oyster chiyenera kuyembekezera miyezi 1.5 mutatha. Kusonkhanitsa bowa kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, kudula bowa pafupifupi m'munsi. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthawi yokolola ya bowa, sizingathetsere bowa lililonse payekha, monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu ina, koma ndi mabanja onse. Izi zidzathandiza kuti nthawi yokolola ikhale yotalikirapo komanso kusunga khalidwe lake.
Mukudziwa? Pakatha masabata awiri mutatha kukolola, mukhoza kuyembekezera kukolola. Ndipo pofuna kufulumira kukonzanso, ndikwanira kuthetsa tsinde ndi kusamala mosamala.
Ngakhale kuti mtengo wa oyster umakhala wamtengo wapatali, njira yakukula ndi yosavuta komanso yofikira aliyense, ngakhale pakhomo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti teknoloji ya kukula bowa bowa kunyumba ilibe zinsinsi zapadera - zosavuta kutsata ndondomekoyi zidzatsimikizira kwambiri zokolola zokoma ndi zachilengedwe zochezeka bowa.
