Pelargonium ndi chomera cha herbaceous kuchokera ku banja la Geranium. India ndi South Africa ndi kwawo, koma kwa zaka mazana ambiri duwa lakhala likukula mdziko lathu ngati nyumba. Amadziwikanso kuti geranium, kamtengo kakang'ono ndi kakhwangwala. Komabe, geranium ndi pelargonium ndizomera zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba ndi champhamvu chosagwira chisanu. Chachiwiri ndi khungwa lofewa, la thermophilic. Fungo linalake limafalikira kuchokera kukhudzana pang'ono. Kwa ena, amawoneka wankhanza komanso wosasangalatsa, pomwe ena amangomusilira. Amakhulupiriranso kuti pelargonium mnyumba imasintha bwino microclimate, ndikupangitsa maubale m'mabanja kukhala ofunda.
Mawonekedwe
Pelargonium ndiwosatha. Udzu wake wamphamvu umaphukira mwamphamvu nthambi ndipo amapanga chitsamba. Ndizovuta kwambiri. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yoyambira. Zikukula msanga. M'chaka chimodzi chokha, duwa limatha kukula 20-30 cm.Miyezi yayitali kutalika kwa mbewu zamkati ndi 60-90 cm, imatheka ndikudulira komanso kupangidwanso kwatsopano.
Masamba a pelargonium amakhala padera, amakula. Pamwamba pa pepalalo mulibe, chonyezimira kapena kupindika. Mitundu imakhala yobiriwira, pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe, masamba ake ndi ozungulira, ooneka ngati mtima kapena wamtundu wa manja. Mpumulo wa mitsempha ya radial imawoneka pansi.
Kunyumba, maluwa a pelargonium amatha kukhala pafupifupi chaka chathunthu, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. M'matumba a masamba ndi pamtunda wa mphukira, ndimalo ataliatali, opanda kanthu, amakula. Imanyamula ambulera, pafupifupi ozungulira inflorescence. Maluwa pamtunda wafupi amapezeka pafupi. Alijambulidwa muzithunzi zingapo zofiira, zoyera ndi zachikaso. Maonekedwe a whisk amatengera mitundu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi timbale 5, tomwe timasiyana.
Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zipse - mabokosi ambewu. Chipatso chokhwima bwino chimatseguka pansi, ngati mulomo wankhwangwala. Kwenikweni, dzina "pelargonium" limachokera ku liwu "crane".
Mitundu ya Pelargonium
Pazonse, pali mitundu yoposa 250 ya mbewu mu genar pelargonium. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azachipembedzo ochokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana akupitilizabe kutsutsana pankhaniyi. Mwa mitundu yomwe ilimidwa, 6 yokha, koma kuchuluka kwa mitundu yokongoletsera kumakhala kwakukulu.
Pelargonium ndi zonal. Mitunduyi inali yofala kwambiri ndipo inali imodzi yoyamba kubzala. Mulinso mitundu yoposa 75,000. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba, chophukira, ndi masamba owonda, masamba ozungulira chimakula msanga. Pa pepala la pepala chapakati pali malo owala (zone). Yazunguliridwa ndi kupendekera kowala. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Kufikira maambulera akuluakulu khumi ndi awiri okhala ndi mitundu yowala amatha kuwonekera nthawi imodzi. Udzu umakhala ndi fungo labwino. Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa m'magulu amitu:
- Pelargonium ndi mawonekedwe a tulip. Ngakhale maluwa akutuwa amakhalabe opapatiza komanso amafanana ndi masamba a tulip. Aliyense inflorescence amanyamula maluwa ambiri.
Pelargonium tulip - Terry pelargonium. Duwa lililonse lili ndi miyala 9 kapena kuposerapo:
- dovepoint - tchire lotalikirana ndi maluwa akuluakulu a pinki ndi oyera;
- brookside Katerina - maluwa owala a pinki;
- magnus - chitsamba chowoneka bwino, chomwe chimamera pang'onopang'ono chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira timaluwa ofiira;
- saxdalens selma - kwambiri amasungunuka masamba apinki apinki;
- wendy weniweni - chomera chocheperako ndi nsomba za salmon-pinki;
- mlongo henry - chitsamba chokulirapo pakati ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira chimasungunuka inflorescence yowala ya pinki;
- golide wolimba mtima - masamba obiriwira agolide amaphatikizidwa ndi masamba a nsomba;
- pensby - tchire kakang'ono kwambiri kamene kamakhala ndi masamba owuma a pinki;
- Kenny's Double - chomera chokulirapo pakamodzi chimatulutsa ma inflorescence ambiri ndi maluwa ofiira.
Terry pelargonium - Pelargonium roseaceous (pinki). Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa a terry zomwe zimawoneka ngati maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
- matalala a apulo - maluwa mu mawonekedwe a maluwa oyera oyera oyera okhala ndi malire a pinki pamakhala;
- shelufu moira - tchire lakutali yokutidwa ndi maluwa a coral, maluwa ngati maluwa;
- anita - limamasula ndi maluwa yaying'ono-pinki yaying'ono ndikulira masamba akulu owala;
- vectis rosebud ndi chitsamba chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi masamba ofiira owala.
Pelargonium reticulum - Osakhala pawiri pelargonium. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa osavuta asanu.
- bob watsopano - Masamba a kanjedza opindika amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zoyera ndi zapinki, maluwa ndi omveka, ofiira.
Osakhala pawiri pelargonium
Pelargonium pelvic (wokwera). Mphukira zokwawa zimakula 25-100 cm kutalika. Amakutidwa ndi masamba osalala, angular, ngati ivy. Kutengera mitundu, maluwa ndi pawiri kapena yosavuta. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence wandiweyani. Mitundu yotchuka yamaso obiriwira - maluwa owirikiza kapena awiri owoneka oyera amtundu wofiirira pakati amakhala ndi maso obiriwira.
Royal pelargonium. Chomera chokongola kwambiri, koma cholemba. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi mphukira zamphamvu zamatamba. Korona wandiweyani amakhala wokwera masentimita 50. Masamba otambalala omwe ali ndi masamba ofanana ndi mapulo. Maluwa akulu okhala ndi mafeleredwe amamera kukula 4-7 cm mulifupi. Utoto umayendetsedwa ndi utoto, pinki, wofiirira. Ziphuphu nthawi zonse zimakhala zamitundu mitundu. Zomera zimafunikira nthawi yopumira. Maluwa samatenga miyezi inayi.
Pelargonium wa grandiflora (wamkulu wamaluwa). Khungwa lophukira mpaka 1 m kutalika limakutidwa ndi masamba opindika kapena otetezedwa pachifuwa zazitali. Udzu ndi wopanda kapena pang'ono pubescent. Munthu aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito maluwa amakhala ndi maluwa okwana 1-3 okhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 3-4. Maluwa amatulutsa mu Epulo-Juni.
Mngelo wa Pelargonium. Mitunduyi idapezeka chifukwa chosankhidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Amasiyana masamba ang'onoang'ono (1-2 masentimita) masamba ndi mphukira zokwawa. Zomera sizikhala zopanda pake ndipo zimakula mwachangu. Imasungunula maluwa osavuta asymmetric okhala ndi miyala yayikulu yapamwamba. Zosiyanasiyana "mole" zimakula zowongoka, zimayambira, zokhala ndi masamba obiriwira opepuka. Ma nsonga ali okongoletsedwa ndi inflorescence okhala ndi petals yoyera ndi burgundy.
Njira zolerera
Kunyumba, pelargonium imafalitsidwa chifukwa chodulidwa komanso mbewu. Njira yachilengedwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chifukwa ndi yosavuta momwe ingathere ndipo imasinthasintha mawonekedwe a mbewu ya mayi. Ambiri a pelargoniums amafunika kudulira nthawi zonse, kotero, zinthu zomwe zingalumikizidwe ndizosavuta kupeza. Nthawi zambiri muzimera kutalika kwa 2-15 cm ndi masentimita 1-2. Chederacho chimapangidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka tsamba lakuthwa mtunda wa 5 mm kuchokera pamalowo. Ngati pali maluwa, amachotsedwa kuti achepetse kudya zakudya. Mapepala akulu amadulidwa pakati. Ndiosavuta kuzika mizu m'madzi, ndipo mizu ikawonekera, zibzalani popanda dothi labwino. Mutha kuzindikira nthawi yomweyo mphukira m'miphika yonyowa koma yonyowa. Kwa zonal pelargonium sungani kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Angelo, achifumu ndi ivy amafunika kusungidwa pa + 18 ° C. Njira yodzala mizu imatenga milungu iwiri (zonal) mpaka miyezi 3 (yachifumu). Kutulutsa koyamba kumatha kutha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kuti mukule pelargonium kuchokera ku mbewu, muyenera kukonzekera kubzala. Mbeu zokhala ndi khungu lanthete zimacheperachepera. Kenako amaikidwa thaulo lonyowa kwa tsiku limodzi. Mbewu zimapangidwa mumphika wosaya ndi chisakanizo cha perlite ndi peat mpaka akuya kuya kwa 3-5 mm. Amathiridwa madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Pakati pa nthawi yamera, kutentha kumakhalabe pa + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera masiku 10-15. Pambuyo pake, pogona chimachotsedwa ndipo chidebe chimasinthidwa kuchipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kowala. Masamba 2-3 akaoneka pa mbande, amazimbira mumiphika osiyana. Zoyimira zazing'ono zimafunikira zowunikira zowala, kotero zimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwakumbuyo.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Ma Pelargoniums, kupatula omwe ali achifumu, ndiwofesa mbewu, koma onsewa ayenera kusankha malo abwino komanso osamala.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna nthawi yayitali masana komanso kuwala kowala. Dzuwa lolunjika silidzapweteka. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa m'mbuyo kuti zitsamba zisatambasuke.
Kutentha Pelargonium izikhala bwino pa + 25 ° C. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kubweretsa maluwawo kukhonde kapena veranda. M'nyengo yozizira, amavomerezedwa kuti apereke zoziziritsa kukhosi (+ 12 ... + 14 ° C). Izi zimapangitsa kuyika kwa maluwa.
Chinyezi. Chomera chimasinthasintha mosavuta chinyezi cham'kati chinyezi. Pokhapokha nthawi yamatenthedwe pomwe masamba amatha kusiya. Popewa, korona amafufuzidwa kuchokera mfuti. Yesetsani kupewa madzi kuti asonkhanitsire madontho.
Kuthirira. Pelargonium satha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilala, motero ndikofunikira kupatsa gawo limodzi lachitatu kuti liume. Madzi ochulukirapo ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Feteleza. Ndi dothi labwino lachonde, kudyetsa pafupipafupi sikofunikira. Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza 1-2 nthawi zambiri pafupipafupi kwa masabata awiri ndi atatu munthawi ya budding ndi maluwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma mineral complexes okhala ndi phosphorous yambiri. Zamoyo sizabwino.
Kudulira. Ndizofala kuti pelargoniums onse atambasuke, kotero, mbewu zimadulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kusiya masamba awiri pansi. Kudulira masamba achikasu ndi owuma kumachitidwanso. Poterepa, maziko a petiole adzatsala pa tsinde.
Thirani Zomera zimabzalidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu kasupe kapena chilimwe. Mphika uyenera kusankhidwa sing'anga kukula osati kwakukulu, koma wosasunthika. Makina amtundu wonyowa amathira pansi. Mu dothi losakanikirana onjezerani mchenga, peat, kamba ndi nthaka yamasamba zofanana.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Dothi likasefukira kapena kunyowa m'chipindacho, pelargonium nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus (zowola imvi, dzimbiri). Poyambilira, amayesa kuchotsa malo omwe awonongeka ndikuthandizira fungoku. Ngati sizingatheke kupulumutsa maluwa onse, dulani zodulidwazo. Dothi limasinthiratu, ndipo mphika umaphwanyidwa ndi madzi otentha. Tizilombo wamba touluka ndi njuchi, ma mebubu, nthata za akangaude, kupindika ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Sikovuta kuzichotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, koma ndikofunikira kuwona majeremusi munthawi yake. Kuti muchite izi, kuwunika kokwanira nthawi zina kumafunika.
