Mabulosi a rasipiberi amakondedwa ndi wamaluwa, osati kokha kachitidwe kake kosiyana, komanso chifukwa cha zambiri zomwe zimapindulitsa. Mwana aliyense amadziwika ndi kukoma kwa zipatso zokongola kwambiri zotchuka. Zimangowononga kuti fruiting nthawi ya chitsamba ndi yochepa, imangoyambira chaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Kuti athetse vutoli, obereketsa adatenga, zotsatira za ntchito zomwe zinakhala remontant mitundu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za rasipiberi ya ku India, kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, zokolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi, komanso kubzala ndi kusamalira.
Mbiri yopondereza
Mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo, palibe ntchito yomwe inachitikira ku USSR kuti ipange mitundu yofanana ndi katundu, ndipo mitundu yonse yachilendo ya zakutchire sizinali zoyenera kulima chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zipatso. Ku Russia, pulojekiti yowalima mitundu imeneyi yakhala ikuyendetsedwa ndi a All-Russian Breeding-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery.
Mukudziwa? Malo oyamba kukula kwa raspberries mu dziko lapansi ndi Russia, omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa matani oposa 210,000 a zipatso chaka ndi chaka.
Chothandizira chachikulu pakupanga raspberries omwe ali ndi katundu wofanana ndi amene anapanga ndi Russian breeder, Pulofesa I.V. Cossacks. Mitundu ya Indian Summer inatengedwa chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa Sentyabrskaya raspberry rattan, yopangidwa ku America, ndi chilonda cha mtundu wosakanizidwa No. 12-77. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imeneyi ikufalikira kummwera kwa dziko lathu.
Zinthu zosiyanasiyana
Kotero kuti mukagula tchire la rasipiberi remontantnoy simunanyengedwe ndikupatsidwa ku Indian chilimwe, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malongosoledwe a zosiyanasiyana, omwe ali ndi mbali zina zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa ndi ena.
Mitengo
Chitsamba chimakula kwambiri - pafupifupi mamita 1, kupitirira 1.5 mamita. Chimakula bwino, popanda kufalikira kuzungulira. Zimayambira ndi zolunjika, zokhala ndi zochepa zowonda zolimba, zokhala ndi zochepetsetsa za waxy deposits, zowonjezera.
Chizoloŵezi cha kukula kwazitsamba kuzungulira chitsamba sichikukula bwino (zidutswa 10-15 okha pa mita imodzi). Akuwombera ndi inflorescences amadziwika ndi otchulidwa chizoloŵezi cha nthambi. Masamba a mawonekedwe apakati, opotoka pang'ono, ofewa mpaka kukhudza, ang'onoang'ono makwinya amapezeka pamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Mu mankhwala, zipatso zouma za rasipiberi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati diaphoretic, ndipo manyuchi ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera kukoma kwa mankhwala.
Zipatso
Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu kukula, zosiyana kuchokera 2-3 g mpaka 3.5 g nthawi zina, zimakhala ndi chingwe cha truncated, kuvala chofiira chofiira. Kukoma ndi kosangalatsa, kokoma ndi kowawasa. Mnofu ndi wachifundo, pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa zonunkhira. Mphuno zolimba, mu kuchuluka kwa 25-30 zidutswa pa mabulosi.
Chikhalidwe cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso ndi chakuti ngakhale nyengo yozizira, samataya kukoma kwawo ndipo samadetsedwa. Koma, zovuta, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zinyamuke, choncho zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziwonongeke mwamsanga mutatha kusonkhanitsa kapena mwamsanga zololedwa ku zosowa zina zachuma.
Pereka
Rasipiberizi zosiyanasiyana sizothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa nthawi yaitali ya fruiting. Kawirikawiri, pafupifupi 1 makilogalamu a zipatso akhoza kukolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi, koma mosamala komanso nyengo yabwino, chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika pa makilogalamu atatu.
Zima hardiness
Izi rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana ali ndi dzina loti chisanu chimatsutsa. Ngati pali chivundikiro chofewa cha chipale chofewa, ngakhale kutentha kwa -30 ° C mpaka 35 ° C sayenera kuvulaza anu rasipiberi pancake. Ngakhale ndi kukhutira ndi zinthu zonse za kukula, tchire mwina sikuti amapanga mphukira zazing'ono.
Onaninso mapulitsiro a rasipiberi monga Heracles, Atlas, Heritage, ndi Cumberland.
Kugwiritsa ntchito
Mabulosi a rasipiberi, kuphatikizapo kumwa mowa mawonekedwe obiriwira, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri popanga mabala osiyanasiyana, jams, compotes, syrups ndi sauces. Mukhozanso kutulutsa zipatso zina mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuziika mufiriji kuti mulawe zipatso m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Mitambo ya rasipiberi youma imayenerera kwambiri kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito monga cholowa cha tiyi.
Zipatso zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimatha kuuma kuti zipangidwe zowonjezera, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zonunkhira ku tiyi kapena kukonzekera zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana. Zouma zouma mu mtsuko wa galasi zingayime m'malo amdima, owuma kwa zaka ziwiri popanda kuvulaza kapangidwe kawo ndi kukoma kwake.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Ndibwino kuti mudziwe nokha kuti zing'onozing'ono za kukula kwa mbeu, ndizo mwayi waukulu wopitilira mizu yake bwino ndikukula patsogolo. Chomera chiyenera kukhala ndi 2-4 mphukira, ndipo kutalika kwake sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa tchire zomwe zimayambira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuziika.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigulitse mbande mu misika yodzidzimutsa, monga ogulitsira kaŵirikaŵiri samayang'anitsitsa zosiyana siyana ndi ubwino wa katundu wawo. Kuonjezerapo, ngakhale mutatha kugula sapling yotheka, mwachiwonekere kukhala msipu. Chotsutsana china chokana kukana kugula kumsika ndikuti nthawi zambiri mizu ya mbande imayikidwa mu phukusi pamenepo, ndipo izi zingayambitse ndi kuvunda mizu.
Kusankha malo abwino
Pofuna kukonza rasipiberi, ndikofunika kulingalira zinthu zingapo, mwachitsanzo, musayambe kubzala rasipiberi kumalo kumene mbewu zisanafikeko zisanamere, chifukwa cha "kutopa kwa nthaka," komanso chifukwa mizu ya rasipiberi imatha kusungunula chinthu chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwake. Zitsamba zatsopano zingabzalidwe pamalo okalamba pokhapokha patapita zaka 6-8.
Kuunikira
Kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana m'njira zabwino bwino, koma pa nthawi yomweyo otetezedwa kuchokera kumpoto mphepo. Mudzatha kupeza zotsatira zowonjezereka mwazidzala kumbali ya kumwera kwa malo anu, osati kutali ndi nyumba iliyonse kapena mpanda womwe udzateteze ku mphepo ndi zolemba.
Nthaka
The shrub ndi ya megatrophs - izi zikutanthauza kuti yoyenera kwambiri iyo idzakhala dothi lokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zamtundu ndi gawo lochepa la acidic. Raspberries amafuna madzi ambiri, koma kubzala pa nthaka yachinyontho ikhoza kupha. Kufunika kwa kuchulukira kwa chinyezi kumakhala kosavuta ndi kuthirira mobwerezabwereza.
Mitundu yambiri ya rasipiberi ndi yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ndipo yotchuka kwambiri ndi Caramel, Ispolin, Canada ndi Hussar.
Musanayambe kugwira ntchito
Musanadzalemo tchire, ndikofunikira kuchita zinthu zina zomwe zathandiza kuti mizu ikhale mizu, kuti pakhale chitukuko cholimbika komanso chitukuko. Choyamba, nkofunika kuzunzika mizu ya mbande mu madzi abwino omwe amatha maola angapo, zomwe zimapatsa mmera mwayi wokhala ndi chinyezi.
Kenaka, kuchokera ku mizu m'pofunikira kuchotsa mbali zonse zowola ndi zowonongeka, kudula nsonga za mbande kuti akhale ndi mapaundi 3-4 a masamba. Mukhozanso kuthana ndi tchire ndi mkukula ndi zina zoteteza fodya kuti muteteze matenda opweteka.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Raspberries akhoza kubzalidwa nthawi iliyonse kupatula nyengo yozizira. Koma zipatso zochuluka kwambiri komanso zoyenera kubzala pakati pa wamaluwa ndi autumn, ndiyo nyengo kuchokera theka lachiwiri la September mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October. Ndondomeko yotsatila ili pafupi ndi izi:
- Mchenga umakonzedweratu, womwe umatalika kufika mamita 0.5 ndipo kuya kwake kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 40 mpaka 50 cm.
- Pansi pa ngalande iyenera kuikidwa ndi zowonongeka bwino, manyowa ndi peat mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1: 2. Pa mita iliyonse yamtunda pali pafupifupi ndowa zitatu zosakaniza.
- Kuchokera kumtunda kutsanulira pa mita iliyonse lalikulu pa galasi la iliyonse yamchere feteleza, mwachitsanzo nitrophoska kapena nitroamofoski.
- Pambuyo pake, tchire timayikidwa mu ngalande motero mizu yawo imayikidwa mkati mwake ndipo imaphimbidwa ndi dothi pamwamba, kuigwedeza pang'ono. Mtunda pakati pa tchire ayenera kukhala osachepera 50-60 masentimita.
- Chitsamba chilichonse chimathiriridwa ndi chidebe cha madzi, kenako nthaka imagwedezeka pogwiritsa ntchito udzu, peat, kapena udzu watsopano.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Rasipiberi remontant zosiyanasiyana Babiye chilimwe sichinthu chosiyana ndi chodzala ndi kupewa zina zamadzi rasipiberi mitundu. Komabe, kawirikawiri, njirazi mu chomera zili ndi zofunikira zina, zomwe zidzakambidwenso.
Kuthirira, kumasula ndi kukulitsa
Chifukwa chakuti mizu ya rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana ili pafupi kwambiri, kufunika kuthirira, makamaka kutentha, nyengo youma, kulipo tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka kwambiri, kungokwanira kutsanulira pafupifupi 1 chidebe cha madzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.Ngati mulibe mwayi wothirira tchire tsiku lililonse, yesetsani kudula dothi lozungulira iwo kapena kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi okwanira.
Kuwombera dongosolo ndi yabwino kwambiri madzi strawberries, tsabola ndi kabichi.
Kwa mulch, udzu, udzu watsopano kapena udzu watsopano ndi woyenera. Kumasulidwa, chifukwa cha malo enieni a mizu, akulimbikitsidwa kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti asavulaze. Ngakhale kuti pangakhale zoopsa zokhazokha, ndizofunikabe, chifukwa mizu ya tchire imafuna kupeza mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chomera chimafuna kudyetsa kwina mokwanira kwambiri. M'gawo loyambirira la nyengo ya chilimwe, kulimbikitsidwa kumayenera kukhala ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni, koma m'chiwiri - makamaka pa feteleza mchere. Njira yabwino yoperekera zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zowonjezera zimakhala zitosi za mbalame zomwe zimadulidwa pa chiŵerengero cha 1:20 kapena mullein pa chiŵerengero cha 1:10.
Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kuwonjezera phulusa la phulusa ngati feteleza, koma muyenera kusamala kuti musayambe kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu nthaka.
Pofuna kukonza njira yothetsera feteleza mchere, tikulimbikitsanso kuti mutenge zotsatirazi: 2 g wa potassium sulphate, 4 g wa superphosphate ndi 1.5 g wa nitrate pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Chidebe chimodzi cha chisakanizo chotero chikhale chokwanira kuti feteleza 2-3 rasipiberi tchire.
Kupewa tizilombo ndi matenda
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa: powdery mildew, tsamba lofiirira ndi masamba. Chithandizo cha matenda onsewa chachepetsedwa kuti chichotsedwe cha zomwe zimayambitsa chitukukochi (nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka chomwe zomera zimakula), kuchotsedwa kwa mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi chomeracho ndi mankhwala amodzi ndi njira yothetsera fungicide.
Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikhoza kuchitapo kanthu: tizilombo toyambitsa kang'anga, raspberries nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kachilomboka ka raspberries. Njira zowononga tizilombozi ndi zofanana ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ndi njira zothetsera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.
Yambani
Chifukwa cha nyengo yake yochepa, ma rasipiberiwa mosiyanasiyana samasowa thandizo, komabe, pansi pa zochitika zina zachilengedwe, tchire tingakhoze kukula mwakuya, ndipo ngakhale ndibwino kuti tisamalire. Ndodo iliyonse kapena chitoliro kapena chitsulo chosalimba chomwe sichifunika pa famu chingakhale chithandizo. Zida zoterezi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera pa rasipiberi kumbali zonse ziwiri za mzere, kutambasula chingwe kapena waya pakati pake. Komanso, ngati pakufunika kufunika, zingatheke kumangiriza nthambi za rasipiberi yokula kumathandiza.
Thandizo likufunikanso kwa zomera monga clematis, nandolo ndi mphesa.
Kudulira
Mdulidwe wa remontant rasipiberi mitundu si yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya wamba. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe pasadakhale nokha ngati mukufuna kulandira mbewu kuchokera chaka choyamba akuwombera kapena mukufuna kuwachotsa, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi mitundu yamba. Pachiyambi choyamba, mphukira zomwe zabala kale chipatso, ziyenera kukhala zotsalira ndi kugwada pansi, ndipo kachiwiri - kudula pafupi.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Musanayambe kuzizira, muyenera kuthirira kuthirira, kuti mupereke mizu ndi nthaka ndi chinyezi. Zipatso zomaliza zikachotsedwa, mphukira zonse ziyenera kudulidwa pafupi ndi nthaka komanso momwe mizu yonseyo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chophimba. Ngati mwasankha kuchoka pa mphukira, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuigwetsa pansi ndikukonza kapena kuwaza ndi nthaka. Ngati nyengo m'mphepete mwanu simakhala ndi chisanu - pangani malo ogona pothandizidwa ndi filimu ya polyethylene. Samalani kuti pakapita nthawi kuchotsa zinthu zakutchire kumapeto kwa nyengo, kuti mizu ndi zimayambira zisatengedwe.
Choncho, tikuyembekeza kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi maganizo omveka bwino ngati mukufunikira kulira rasipiberi ofanana pa chiwembu chanu. Samalani bwino, musaiwale za kufunika kokhala madzi okwanira ndipo adzakupatsani mphotho.
