M'dziko la wamaluwa amalima viola ndi otchuka kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi mitundu ya viola, yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi anthu monga pansies.
Kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa mitundu yabwinoyi chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Maluwa a Viola amasangalala ndi nthawi yaitali yamaluwa ndi bwino bwino kubzala ndi zotsatira zosamalira - kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka mochedwa.
Mukudziwa? Viola amadziwika kwa nthawi yayitali - zaka zoposa ziwiri ndi theka zikwi. Pa nthawi imeneyo, anthu akale a ku Ulaya adagwiritsa ntchito maluŵa awa kuti azikongoletsa pa maholide.
Kumene angabzala viola, malo osankhika a maluwa
Viola ndi banja la Violet, choncho limatchedwanso munda wa violet. Chomera ndi chaka chimodzi, zaka ziwiri, komanso nthawi yayitali. Malingana ndi mtundu wa maluwa kulima kulima ndi kulima kungathe kuchitidwa ngakhale pa khonde, kulipereka mosamala.
Kumalo otsekemera, nsalu yaikulu ya flowerbed ingakhale malo abwino kwa viola, chifukwa imakwaniritsa chosowa chachinyontho ndi kuwala.
Kodi kuwala ndi kutentha kwa mtundu wa viola kumakhala bwanji?
Maluwa amenewa amakula bwino pamalo ozizira, koma amafunikanso kuwala kwambiri. Choncho, malo okhala ndi malo ochepa pang'ono adzakhala osankha kubzala viola ndi kusamalidwa kwambiri panja.
Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mitengo yazing'ono yosatseka masamba ndi mbali yaikulu ya kuunikira, koma idzawateteza ku mphamvu yakuda ya dzuwa. Kunyumba, khonde lokongola kumadzulo kapena kummawa.
Ngati mulibe kuwala kwa viola, ndiye kuti maluwa sadzakhala ochulukirapo, ndipo maluwawo adzakhala ochepa komanso osawala.
Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya pansies ndi nthaka yokongola, yachonde komanso yonyowa.
Ndikofunikira! Mphuno ya mthunzi imayipitsa viola, chifukwa imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
Nthaka yobzala iyenera kuyamwa ndi kulima. Mwatsopano humus sungagwiritsidwe ntchito monga fetereza, choncho superphosphate kapena ammonium nitrate adzakhala abwino.Komanso, peat ndi yabwino kwa viola ngati chimbudzi, chifukwa chimakhala ndi kutentha, chinyezi sichitha. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, peat ili ndi zakudya zofunika kwa viola, kotero wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa mapiritsi a peat kuti amere kumera.
Mmene mungabzala pansies
Nthawi zambiri, kubzala viola kumachitika poyera. Izi zimachitika mu April ndi May, pamene zomera zimakonda kuzizira. Kukula kwa nthaka ndikobwino kusankha zotsatirazi:
- Dziko la sod - magawo awiri;
- peat - magawo awiri;
- humus - magawo awiri;
- mchenga - gawo limodzi.
Ndi zophweka kutsatira ndondomeko zoyenera za momwe mungabzalitsire viola maluwa otseguka pansi ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire chisamaliro chotsatira.
Kwa mbande, zitsime zimakonzedwa (mtunda pakati pawo ndi 10-15 masentimita), maluwa amaikidwa pamenepo, ndiye amawaza ndi nthaka, mopepuka pang'onopang'ono panthaka, ndipo kuthirira kumachitika.
Ndi bwino kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana mosiyana, chifukwa chomera ndi mungu.
Mukudziwa? Choyamba kuti chidziwike pa chikhalidwecho chinali chobvunda cha violet, ndiyeno - phiri la violet. Mbewu yoyamba ya violets inali obereketsa mu 1683.
Malamulo Oyang'anira Viola
Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amaganiza momwe angakulire kuphulika kokongola ndi kathanzi. Pazimenezi muyenera kuchotsa maluwa nthawi zonse. Kuonjezerapo, kupitiriza kutalika kwa maluwa a pansies kumathandiza mulching mizu ya mbewu mu nyengo yozizira. Onetsetsani kuti muchotsanso mabokosi a mbewu yakucha.
Ngati viola imafalikira mochulukirapo, maluwa angapo amapangidwa, ndiye mungathe kudula chomeracho, ndikusiya kutalika kwa zimayambira pafupifupi 10 cm. Pambuyo pake, nkofunika kuthirira ndi kudyetsa viola zambiri, zomwe zidzakupangitsani kukula msanga kuphukira ndi kukula ndi mphamvu zatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Kusunga viola m'nyengo yozizira, ili ndi utuchi kapena nthambi za spruce.
Momwe mungamweretse pansies
Nthaŵi zambiri kutentha kwa chifukwa cha kuyanika kunja kwa mizu ndi kuyandikana ndi nthaka. Choncho, kuthirira munda violets kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, koma osati mobwerezabwereza, kuti mizu isasinthe. Opitirira - 2-3 pa sabata, ndipo kutentha ndi kotheka kuthirira kuphwanya tsiku lililonse.
Mchere ndi feteleza
Kudyetsa Viola kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pamwezi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito superphosphate kapena ammonium nitrate pa 25-30 g pa mita imodzi. Palinso feteleza ovuta kwambiri, omwe ali ndi potassium, phosphorous, nayitrogeni, kufufuza zinthu. Manyowa oterewa amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi malangizo.
Kusamalira dothi
Maluwa amatha kudzichepetsa, koma nthawi yolima imayenera kusungidwa pamalo ena a nthaka. Popeza mizu ili kutali kwambiri - pamtunda wokwana 15-20 masentimita, timafunika kuthirira nthawi ndi kumasula nthaka kuti tipeze mizu. Kuwonjezera apo, nkofunika kuchotsa namsongole pakapita nthawi kuchokera pamalo omwe viola ikukula.
Njira zoberekera Viola
Ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa atsopano ndi maluwa okongola, pakukula ndikofunikira kusankha njira yoyenera komanso yoyenera kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu. Zina mwa izo, kubalana kwa mbewu, kudula pansies, komanso kubereka mwa kuika.
Mukudziwa? Mitengoyi imagawidwa kukhala yaikulu-yozungulira (kukula kwake kwa maluwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi 10 cm), ndi zambiri-zimayambira - mitundu ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi pafupifupi masentimita 6.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mukhoza kukula mbewu za viola. Kufesa kumachitika m'mawu angapo, malingana ndi nthawi yomwe mukufuna kuphulika.
Kufesa pansies mu Januwale-February, mudzawona maluwa oyambirira kumapeto kwa kasupe. Komabe, mu zikhalidwe za nyumba zimakhala zovuta kupeza mbande zabwino, monga mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa zimasowa kuzizira komanso kuwala.
Ngati mubzala mbewu za viola mu March, maluwa ayamba kumapeto kwa July - August. Chaka chotsatira, kumayambiriro kwa masika, zomera ndi zomera zina zimapatsa maluwa abwino.
Ngati kufesa kumachitika m'chilimwe, maluwa adzawonekera chaka chamawa masika. Komabe, m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mukhoza kufesa pamalo otseguka, kudutsa kulima mbande kunyumba.
Pali malamulo ambiri ofesa mbewu za viola:
- Mbewu imatsanuliridwa pa nthaka yonyowa, mopepuka yowazidwa ndi dziko pamwamba.
- Kutentha kumene mbande ziyenera kukhala 15-20 ° C. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira nthawi zonse.
- Mbande ziyenera kukhala m'malo amdima mpaka mphukira zikuwonekere.
- Pambuyo masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14), mbewuzo zidzamera, ndiye muyenera kuunikira bwino, ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 10 ° C.
- Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3 muyenera kuzembera mbande.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yambiri ya viola imayesera kubzala mabokosi a mbewu zabwino.
Kubalana ndi cuttings
The cuttings wa pansies ikuchitika kumapeto kwa kasupe - oyambirira chilimwe magawo angapo:
- kudula pamwamba pa chitsamba chobiriwira, zomwe ziyenera kukhala 2-3 zizindikiro;
- anabzala mphukira kumtunda mumthunzi mpaka masentimita 0,5. Iwo ayenera kukhala pafupi wina ndi mnzake;
- cuttings wambiri madzi, sprayed.
Kuthira mizu kumapezeka mwezi. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mukhoza kutenga pafupifupi 10 zipatso panthawi. Ngati mufalitsa viola ndi cuttings mumasankha pafupi autumn, maluwa adzawonekera mwamsanga chaka chamawa m'nyengo yamasika. Ngati m'chaka, ndiye pansies pachimake pamapeto a chilimwe.Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya njira yoberekera ndi kubwezeretsa chitsamba ndi kukonzanso maluwa.
Kubalanso poyika
Mitundu yambiri ya pansies imapanga mbali yaitali. Mu September, akhoza kutsukidwa bwino ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo kumapeto kwa autumn adzakhazikika.
Mu kasupe, zigawozi zingathe kuikidwa pamalo atsopano, ndipo ngati atapeza mphamvu zokwanira, maluwa adzayamba kumapeto kwa kasupe. Njirayi ikukuthandizani kuti muzisunga zosiyana siyana, ndikunyamula zida za mchimanga.
Nthambi zina zimatulutsa kunja, pamene zina zimakhala zochepa kuti pakhale mphukira.
Chomera cha Viola chili ndi mitundu yoposa 400. Pali viola monophonic, spotty, mizere, ndi mapepala wavy, terry. Mitundu yosiyana siyana, mitundu ndi maonekedwe, kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi maluwa amadziwika kuti kutchuka ndi kufalikira kwa zomera zokongola izi.
