Miscanthus ndi phala lalitali losatha kuchokera ku banja la Acridifers. Mwachilengedwe, imamera m'malo otentha a Australia, Asia ndi Africa. Mitundu ina yatha kusintha nyengo kuti isinthe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yolima minda komanso nthawi yozizira bwino. Miscanthus ndiwabwino m'mabungwe ogulitsa pakati pa udzu, komanso m'malo okongoletsa madzi abwino ndikupanga maluwa okongola. Imayambira mwamphamvu ndipo imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso masamba ofewa osachepera. M'pake kuti amatchedwa "mfumu ya phala." Komanso, mbewuyo imatha kupezeka pansi pa dzina loti "fan".
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Miscanthus ndi mbewu yobiriwira ya herbaceous yotalika masentimita 80-200. Mphukira yolimba imalowera pansi mpaka 6 m, ndipo pansi patali njira zake zimakhala pansi penipeni pa nthaka. Amapanga mphukira zamtundu, chifukwa, miscanthus amakula mwachangu mpaka sod kufalitsa.
Masamba amakula mu rosette wapamwamba, ndipo amakhalanso pafupi ndi kutalika konse kwa mphukira. Dongosolo longa masamba ngati inferno limakhala lotalika 5-18 mm m'litali ndi 10-50 masentimita. Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira ndi masamba zimamera mwachangu ndikupanga khola lowoneka bwino wobiriwira. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yophukira, masamba amatenga udzu wokongoletsa wachikasu kapena chikasu chikasu.
Mu Julayi-Seputembala, nsonga zamiyalazo zili ndi korona wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofika mpaka 30 cm. Amakhala ndi ma spikelets aatali opendekera amtundu wachikasu wobiriwira kapena wapinki.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Miscanthus
Mitundu pafupifupi 40 yazomera imapezeka mu mtundu wa Miscanthus. Ambiri aiwo apeza ntchito mnyumbamo, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa.
Miscanthus Chinese (mabango achi China). Nthambi zocheperapo za m'miyeso 2,5 mpaka 3 zimakonda nyengo yotentha. Pa masamba olimba owoneka bwino, nthiti yopindika pakati imawoneka bwino. Ma spikelets amtundu umodzi mpaka 7mm kutalika amasonkhanitsidwa mu panicles lotayirira ndi axis yofupikitsidwa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Blondo - amapanga matcheni mpaka 2 m kutalika, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu;
- Miscanthus zebrina (zebrinus) - masamba obiriwira obiriwira a malowo ali yokutidwa ndi mikwaso yoyera;
- Flamingo - chomera mpaka 2 m kutalika kwa chilimwe chokongoletsedwa ndi panicles zazitali, zofewa za mtundu wa pinki;
- Hinho - turf yayikulu yofalikira imadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira owala ndi mikwingwirima yamagolide;
- Nippon - ntchentche zotsogola mpaka 1.5 m kutalika kwa yophukira yokutidwa ndi masamba ofiira;
- Variegatus - akuwombera pafupifupi 2 mita kukongoletsedwa ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi milozo yoyera;
- Strictus - nkhokwe zokongoletsera kwambiri mpaka 2.7 mamita kutalika kwake ndi masamba obiriwira owala bwino okhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi ma inflorescence ofiira;
- Malepartus - chitsamba mpaka 2 m kumtunda chimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira wofiyira womwe umayamba kutulutsa mu June ndikusandulika wofiira kwambiri m'dzinja.
Miscanthus ndi chimphona. Kutalika kwa chimanga chofalitsachi kumatha kufika mamita 3. Amakhala m'nthiti zazifupi kwambiri zokhala ndi masamba okhala ndi lamba. Tsamba lobiriwira lowala limafika 25 mm mulifupi. Mukugwa, malo owala amakhala golide. Mu Seputembala, mapanikizidwe akuluakulu amitundu yasiliva yotsegula.
Miscanthus ndi wodutsa shuga. Chomera chimakhala chachikulu, chomwenso chimakweza pafupifupi 1.5 m ndipo chimasunthira bwino m'malo otseguka kapena malo osefukira. Ma rhizome a mtunduwu akufalikira ndipo akuyenera kukhala ochepa. Masamba ochepa kwambiri owala bwino amakongoletsa maziko a mphukira. M'mwezi wa Ogasiti, mapangidwe a siliva okongola modabwitsa. Zowonda zofewa pamwamba pa masamba ofiira zimapitilira nyengo yonse yachisanu.
Njira zolerera
Miscanthus imafalikira ndi mbewu komanso mwachilengedwe. Mu february, mbewu zokhwima zomwe zimakhala ndi fluffy Tufts zimabzalidwa popanda chithandizo choyambirira mumiphika za peat ndi mchenga wonyowa komanso nthaka ya peat. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphukira zoonda zimawonekera. Mbande zimakhala ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. M'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, nthaka ikatenthetsedwa mpaka 20 + C, Miscanthus ibzalidwe panthaka. Poyamba, udzu umodzi wochepa thupi womwe umamera pamwamba pa nthaka. Chitsamba chobiriwira chobiriwira chimatha kumapeto kwa zaka 3-4 mutabzala.
Akuluakulu Miscanthus ndiwosavuta kufalitsa masamba ake - pogawa chitsamba. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kusungidwa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa. M'nthawi yamasika kapena theka loyambirira la chilimwe, mbewu zimakumbidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi manja. Mphukira zotumphuka zimadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa. Mankhwala onse ayenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri, popeza mizu yake imawonongeka mosavuta. Zotsatira zake zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'miyala, ndikuzuza muzu ndi 5-6 masentimita. M'mwezi, mbewu zimayamba kuzika, chifukwa chake zimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kenako chitsamba chimapereka njira zina.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Miscanthus wokonda kutentha amabzalidwa panthaka theka lachiwiri la masika, chipale chofewa chikasungunuka kwathunthu ndipo nthaka ikuwuma. Kwa iye, amasankha malo owala bwino, otseguka, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lonyowa. Ndibwino ngati dziwe lamadzi abwino lili pafupi. Dothi lolemera komanso dothi lamchenga ndilosayenera kubzala Miscanthus, koma kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka komanso kusefukira kwa malowo siwononge mbewuyo.
Maenje osaya ndi okonzekera tchire laling'ono lomwe lili ndi mtunda pakati pa masamba 20-50 cm. Mizu yamitundu yambiri ya miscanthus imafalikira mwachangu ndikulowa m'dera loyandikana nalo kuti mupeze yaying'ono, yowombera komanso osadandaula ndikuchotsa njira zosafunikira mtsogolo. Asanabzike mphepete mwa dimba la dimba, pulasitiki tchuthi cha 25-30cm pansi mpaka pansi.Popanda phokoso lalipafupi lili pafupi, chipingacho sichingagonje.
Kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwa Miscanthus m'munda ndiku kuthirira nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, Chinese Miscanthus salekerera chilala konse. Ngati mbewu zibzalidwe m'nthaka yachonde, ndiye kuti mchaka choyamba safuna feteleza. Lotsatira masika, tchire limathiriridwa ndi feteleza wophatikiza, ndipo nthawi yotentha - yankho la manyowa owola. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni mu feteleza kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, chifukwa kumakhudza kwambiri kukongoletsa.
Pamene ikukula, gawo lam'munsi la tsinde likuwululidwa ndikufunika kukongoletsa kowonjezereka ndi maluwa osambira. Muyenera kusankha anzanu omwe nthawi zambiri amakula dothi lonyowa.
M'nyengo yozizira, chowuma, koma chitsamba chokongola sichidulidwe. Imateteza ngati mizu ndi misampha ya chipale chofewa. Mitundu yokonda kutenthedwa imaphimbidwa ndi masamba agwa kapena wokutidwa ndi mtolo wazinthu zopanda nsalu. Nthaka yomwe ili mizu itha kuumbika ndi dothi kapena dothi lotayirira. Kumayambiriro kasupe, kudulira kwamakadinala kumachitika. Chotsani gawo lonse lapansi.
Miscanthus imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, motero simudzateteza ku majeremusi ndi majeremusi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Akasupe obiriwira a Miscanthus amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabyala amodzi mkati mwa udzu wobiriwira, popanga zokongoletsera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'malire, komanso popanga chophimba kapena udzu wobiriwira. Chomera chimabisala bwino nyumba zaulimi komanso ngodya zosavomerezeka m'mundamo. Tchire labisi lidzakhala bwalo labwino kwambiri kumunda wamaluwa. Amayenda bwino ndi peonies, astilbe, phlox, maluwa, asters, solidago ndi ruffle. Kenako, maluwa amenewa amabisa pansi pobisika. Panicles wobiriwira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chokongoletsera maluwa, kuphatikizapo maluwa owuma.
Osati popanda miscanthus komanso zachuma. Mphukira zowuma ndi ma bulosi apamwamba kwambiri. Zovala za boilers zimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani popanga mapepala ndi ulimi ngati chakudya komanso zinyalala za zoweta.
