Kabichi - mbewu yomwe suthana ndi kuzizira. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizopanda pake, kuphwanya kwaukadaulo waukadaulo ndikunyalanyaza kupewa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kungayambitse kufa kwa mitengo yonse.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kufinya kabichi
Zomera zimayamba bwino ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kupitirira +20 ° C. Mbande zimatha kutha chifukwa chowonekera pazovuta.
Mulinso:
- kusowa kwa kuwala;
- mpweya wouma
- kusowa kwa mchere;
- nthaka yamadzi;
- matenda opatsirana;
- mkulu pH;
- chisamaliro chosayenera.
Pambuyo pa kubzala mbande, mabokosi ayenera kuchotsedwa m'chipinda chozizira. Mbande zimakhala pachiwopsezo choyamba masiku 10 mutabzala poyera. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika pamizu poyenda. Kupaka masamba nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzolowera. Kulimbitsa mbande, zophukira monga Immunocytophyte, EPIN, Heteroauxin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Matenda oyamba ndi kabichi ndikuwongolera kwawo
Mafangayi nthawi zambiri amabweretsa mbeu zonse. M'dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo ndikuyimira abanja opachika mitundu ndi mitundu yawo. Njira zowongolera zimasankhidwa pambuyo pozindikiritsa wothandizila. Kuti tikwaniritse njira yochizira kapena yothandiza kwambiri, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yovuta yophatikizira, njira zaulimi ndi mankhwala.
Mndandanda wamatenda ndi ochulukirapo, umaphatikizapo:
- keel. Pangozi ndi zomera zazing'ono. Fangayi wa Plasmodiophora amatha kutenga mbande nthawi yotsekerera komanso kuthirira. Zonyamula matenda ndi tizilombo. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizira zophukika zosiyanasiyana m'mizu, kufota, kukula pang'onopang'ono. Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa mbande zoyambukiridwa, chifukwa chake zimawonongeka. Tsanulirani mabowo opaka utoto. Dziwani kuti matendawa amakhudza chomera chokhacho kuchokera ku banja la Cruciferous. Chifukwa chake, nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbewu zina;
- Fusarium Pankhaniyi, choyambitsa kufota chimakhala bowa wopanda ungwiro Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. MaClutinans. Masamba ake amatha kulowa mkati. Nthawi yomweyo, mitsempha imakhalabe mthunzi womwewo monga kale. Mitu yopangidwa ndi kabichi sikhala yayikulu kukula komanso mawonekedwe. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa zimakulira ndi fungicides (Topsin-M, Benomil, Tecto);
- peronosporosis. Matendawo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti Downy mildew. Mitundu yonse yamtanda imavutika ndi bowa Peronospora bricae Guum. Matenda a kabichi amatsimikiziridwa ndi kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa mbande, maonekedwe oyera ndi ating kuyanika ndi masamba achikasu pam masamba, ndi kuyanika kwa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewu. Peronosporosis imayenda bwino ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka. Matenda a kabichi amathetsedwa kudzera mu mankhwala monga Ridomil Gold, yankho la Bordeaux osakanikirana ndi Fitoftorin. Chochita chilichonse chimakhala ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Kuti muwoneke ma fungal pathologies, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuzungulira kwa mbewu, kupha tizilombo ta dothi komanso udzu munthawi yake. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa pamlingo wa mbewu ndi chinyezi cha nthaka.
Matenda a bacteria a kabichi: mafotokozedwe ndi chithandizo
Matendawa sakhala ofala kwambiri. Zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mavairasi zimaphatikizapo pathogenesis yachangu. Kamodzi mkati mwa infield, limodzi ndi dothi, njere, madzi, tizilombo ndi zida zonyansa, imagunda msanga. Kukana kuchita zodzitetezera, mutha kutaya mbewu yonse ya kabichi. Palibe zotheka kuchiritsa matenda a kolifulawa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili pachabe pankhaniyi.
Vuto la Mose ndilofala kwambiri kuposa ena. "Banja" ili limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri. Matendawa amatha kuvulaza mbewu zambiri zokongoletsa komanso zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, caulivirus ya Mose imalowetsa kolifulawa. Kachilomboka kamaonekera patangodutsa milungu itatu itatu ndikuyika mbande mu nthaka. Mwa zina mwazizindikiro, tsamba necrosis, mkombero wamdima wobiriwira m'mphepete imasiyanitsidwa. 
Source: poradum.com.ua
Tizilombo ta Turnip mosaic ndi tizilomboti timene timayambitsa kuwonerera kwa mphete. Pamunsi pa masamba a kabichi, mawonekedwe obiriwira obiriwira, omwe kenako amaphatikizana ndikuchita mdima. Mutu wa kabichi ulibe nthawi yoti apange, popeza masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi matendawa amangogwa.
Chiwopsezo cha matenda chikuwonjezereka chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mavuto obwera ndi majeremusi;
- kufesa mbewu zodwala;
- kulumikizana mwachangu kabichi mbande ndionyamula ma virus. Zitha kukhala zonse tizilombo ndi udzu;
- kuwonongeka kwamakina.
Zomera zomwe zimayambukiridwa ndi tizilombo komanso matenda oyamba ndi fungus ziyenera kuwonongedwa.
Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yoletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Kuthandiza otsala kuyenera kuyamba pomwe atazindikira matenda omwe adagwera kabichi.
Tizilombo ta kabichi
Zimakhala zowopsa makamaka kwa mbewu zazing'ono. Tizilombo timene timaphwanya kukhulupirika kwa minofu, kupatsira mbande matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo. Kuti muthe kukolola bwino, mankhwalawa amayenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo ngati zizindikiro zodetsa nkhawa zikuwoneka, ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu.
Kabichi aphid ndi kachilombo kakang'ono komwe kali penti yoyera. Tizilombo timadya timadziti, tikusankha kukhazikika pa mbewu zazing'ono. Madera awo amatha kupezeka pansi pa tsamba. Zotsatira za moyo wawo ndi:
- kukomoka ndi kufalikira kwa mbande;
- Kusintha ndi kupindika kwa masamba.
Pakakhala chithandizo chapanthawi yake, mbande zimwalira. Masamba a kabichi amatayidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Amaphatikizapo Karate, Karbofos, Spark. Olimi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amaopa ma parasites kudzera mu infusions wopangidwa kuchokera ku anyezi mankhusu ndi adyo, fungo labwino. Njira ina yothandiza ndi dera lothandiza. Pofuna kupewa mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba, tomato ndi kaloti ziyenera kubzalidwa pafupi ndi kabichi.
Cauliflower ndi kabichi yoyera amatha kudwala ntchentche kabichi. Tizilombo touluka timafanana ndi tizilombo, toti m'nthawi yotentha nthawi zambiri timawulukira m'nyumba. Matendawa amayamba kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mphutsi zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimatulutsira mazira omwe adayikidwa m'nthaka ndizosangalala kudya mizu yopingasa. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewuyo imayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo masamba omwe amakhala pansi amataya mtundu wawo wachilengedwe ndikukhala imvi. Kubzala mbewu kuti mupeze mankhwala kungathothidwe ndi yankho la Thiophos ndi Chlorophos. Fodya wosakaniza ndi laimu, mchenga ndi naphthalene amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizirombo.
Mbande za kabichi (kohlrabi, zikumera za Brussels, broccoli, kabichi yoyera) zimaphatikizidwanso mumenyu yopanda mtanda. Amadziwika kuti nsikidzi zakuda mawonekedwe. Amakhala m'nthaka, amadya mbande zachinyamata. Tiziromboti timataya kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a sopo ndi phulusa. Mwa mankhwala, Aktaru ndi Karbofos ndi apadera.
Maonekedwe a mphukira akuwonekera pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa mbewu ndi masamba achikasu. Pakutero, mabowo ndi chimbudzi cha nthaka amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwachilengedwe monga Antonem-F ndi Nemabakt. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yodalirika ndiyo kufesa mbande zosakanikirana ndi fumbi la fodya ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
Mndandanda wa njira zoyenera zodzitchinjiriza ndi:
- kuchotsa kwaudzu;
- kumasula nthaka;
- kuyika oyandikana nawo oyenera. Pafupi ndi kabichi ndibwino kuyika apanteles, trichographma, marigold;
- kugwiritsa ntchito adani achilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, awa ndi anthocoris ndi orius.
Wamaluwa omwe amabzala kabichi chaka chilichonse sayenera kuyiwala za nsikidzi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wowala ndi kukula kochepa. Kuti muchotse tizilombo, mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi Actellic, celandine (mwanjira ya ufa), fumbi.
Kabichi Yoyera Yokhazikika
Kukana tizirombo, matenda am'mimba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chinthu chomwe tiyenera kuganizira pogula mbewu. Tiyeneranso kuyang'anira nyengo, kapangidwe ka nthaka, makamaka mbewu. Mwa kupsa koyambirira, mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:
- Tobia;
- Cossack;
- Juni;
- Rinda.
Mndandanda wa mitundu yotsiriza yomwe imapilira kwambiri ndi Mara, Aggressor, Gingerbread Man, Amager ndi Valentina.
Mbande zimafunikira chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika. Kabichi yolimbana ndi matenda ndi chitsimikizo kuti wolimiyo adzalandira zokolola zambiri mu kugwa. Kudziwa zomwe kubzala kumathandizira matenda omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, mutha kupulumutsa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikuthana ndi matenda a thanzi.
