Funso la moyo wa nkhuku lidzakhala lopindulitsa kwa alimi omwe amasunga nkhuku zambiri, komanso ku minda yachinyama yokhala ndi zoweta zambiri.
Mitundu iliyonse ndi mtundu uli ndi moyo wokhawokha, koma chiwerengero cha zaka chikukhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi zikhalidwe za ndende ndi chakudya.
Kodi nkhuku yakhala ndi zaka zingati?
Kuchokera ku chikhalidwe, nkhuku imakhala pafupifupi zaka 4-5. Komabe, zolephereka zimatheka ponseponse - mbalame zoterozo zimatchedwa olemba mbiri-yaitali-livers, ndi pansi, ngati nkhuku zimakwezedwa kuti zikhale nyama. Pansipa tikuganizira za moyo wa mbalame zomwe zikuchitika m'mafakitale ndi m'nyumba:
- Pa mafakitale. Pa minda yayikulu ndi minda ya nkhuku zimakula nyama ndi nkhuku za nkhuku. Pachiyambi choyamba, mbalameyi imachokera kwa ana a zaka chimodzi, kuyambira mbalame zikuluzikulu zikafika, mbalamezo zimakula kwambiri: zimataya zakudya zake, zimakhala zovuta. Kuika nkhuku kumapiri kwa zaka zitatu. Mu mitundu ya dzira, chiwongoladzanja cha zokolola ndi zaka 1-2 za moyo, kuyambira chaka chachitatu kuchuluka kwa zokolola zikuchepa.
Choncho, sikuli kwanzeru kusunga nkhuku za nkhuku zoposa zaka zitatu. Nkhalango za nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwanira zokhala ndi nyumba pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wogulitsa komanso mtengo wogulitsa. Choncho, mbalame zikhoza kukhala zochepa, zopanda kusuntha, maonekedwe awo ndi thanzi lawo, makamaka njira yobereka, imachepa. Mbalame zoterezi zimapita kukapha molawirira kwambiri. - Kunyumba Mu famu yaing'ono yamwini, nthawi ya moyo ya mbalame idzadalira malingaliro omwe amapangidwa kwa iwo ndi chifuniro cha mwiniwake mwiniyo. Kawirikawiri, patapita zaka zingapo za moyo, pamene chiwopsezo cha dzira chikudutsa, nkhuku imaloledwa kukhala nyama. Mavuto akunja (nyengo kapena kuukira kwa nyama zowonongeka) zingachepetse moyo wa nkhuku.
Choncho, sikuli kwanzeru kusunga nkhuku za nkhuku zoposa zaka zitatu. Nkhalango za nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakwanira zokhala ndi nyumba pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo wogulitsa komanso mtengo wogulitsa. Choncho, mbalame zikhoza kukhala zochepa, zopanda kusuntha, maonekedwe awo ndi thanzi lawo, makamaka njira yobereka, imachepa. Mbalame zoterezi zimapita kukapha molawirira kwambiri.Ndikofunikira! Ziwerengero zimasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha nkhuku zosiyana siyana m'minda ya nkhuku ndi izi: 60% ali aang'ono, 30% ali ndi nkhuku zazaka ziwiri ndipo 10 peresenti ndi nkhuku zakubadwa zitatu.
Chomwe chimakhudza moyo
Nthendayi ya zakudya, zikhalidwe zabwino komanso zikhalidwe za mtunduwo zimatanthauzanso kuti mbalame zimakhala zaka zingati.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngati mukuphwanya malamulo a chakudya, zamoyo zimatha kugwedezeka kale, pomwe nkhuku sizikhala ndi zaka zakubadwa. Ngati mutatsatira mfundo zonse za zakudya zabwino, nkhuku zimakhala zaka 5-6. Zakudya za nkhuku zapakhomo ziyenera kukhala 60% zozizwitsa - izi ndizofunikira za zakudya, izi zimaphatikizapo tirigu, oats, nandolo, chimanga. Onetsetsani kuti mbalame ziyenera kulandira masamba, masamba, mkaka.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire nkhuku chakudya, komanso kukonzekera chakudya cha nkhuku ndi manja anu.
Kuti mukhale ndi chitukuko chokwanira ndi thanzi labwino m'pofunikira kuti muziphatikizapo mchere wambiri. M'mafakitale zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokonzekera.
Kulephera kwa makina osakaniza, makamaka calcium, poyamba kumakhudza kukolola kwa nkhuku, ndiyeno pa thanzi lawo ndi moyo wawo wathanzi. Kudyetsa kosasintha, kudyetsa, kudyetsa chakudya mofulumira kumachepetsanso moyo wa nkhuku.
Mukudziwa? Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi kungakhale ndi chithandizo champhamvu pa nkhuku. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, kuyesayesa kunayendetsedwa, nthawi yomwe nkhuku zakale sizinathamangidwe, zinadetsedwa ndi chakudya kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndikuyambiranso kudyetsa. Chifukwa cha kupsinjika koteroko, nthenga ndi zokometsetsa zinapangidwa mwatsopano mu mbalame, ntchito ndi kuyenda mofanana ndi nyama zinyama zinayambiranso. Koma, chofunika kwambiri, anthuwa adayamba kuika mazira!
Zomwe amangidwa
Mtengo wa chitonthozo cha mbalame umadalira mbali zotsatirazi zomwe zili muzinthu:
- Pali malo okwanira mu nyumba ya nkhuku;
- kusunga kutentha kwabwino, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira;
- kukhalapo kwa kuunikira, ngati kuli kofunikira;
- kuyeretsa kawirikawiri, mpweya wotsekemera ndi kuteteza matenda a nkhuku nkhuku;
- Kukhalapo kwa bwalo lalikulu la kuyenda, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri pa mitundu ya nkhuku zogwiritsa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikoyenera kumamatira mwachidwi chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi mnyumba. Nkhuku imakhala ndi nkhuku khumi, pamene zovuta ndi zakudya zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, nkhuku zochepa zimafunika tambala.
Zimabereka
Kawirikawiri kuyembekezera kwa moyo wa mitundu yosiyana ndi mtundu wodabwitsa, chifukwa ngakhale mtundu wautali kwambiri wokhalapo ukhoza kuwonongedwa ndi kusamalidwa kosayenera kapena kudyetsa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nkhuku zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kuchokera ku chilengedwe zimakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pazinthu zabwino.
Zizolowezi zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi izi:
- Mitundu ya mazira (leggorn, brekel, yofiira yofiirira, yoyera ya Russia ndi yowonongeka, yaing'ono, etc.) ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 8, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala mpaka zaka 2-4;
- Mitundu ya nyama (nkhuku za broiler, orpington, brahma, etc.) kawirikawiri amapita kukaphedwa ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, amakhala ndi moyo wautali, chifukwa misala imakhala ndi katundu wolimba pamilingo, yomwe imayambitsa nkhuku ndi kufa;
- dzira ndi mitundu ya nyama (Amrox, Australorp, Wyandot, Hercules, Delirium, ndi ena) - aliwonse, olimba ndi osasamala pakusunga mbalame, moyo wawo wa chilengedwe ndi wofanana ndi wa mitundu ya mazira, pambuyo poti dzira limapangidwira kukapha nyama yothandiza ndi yowonjezera.
Zidzakhala zothandiza kuti alimi a nkhuku adziwe ngati nkhuku zazing'ono zikuyamba kuthamanga ndi zomwe angachite ngati nkhuku zikudwala.
Ndi zaka zingati zomwe zingasunge nkhuku kunyumba
Mukhoza kusunga dzira, nyama ndi nkhuku zosakanizidwa m'nyumba yanu. Kusamalidwa koyeneranso kuli koyenera mbalame zamphongo ndi mitundu yokongola.
- Zigawo. Kuchepetsa nkhuku kupanga nkhuku kumachitika pambuyo pa 1.5-2 zaka za moyo. Ngati chaka choyamba cha moyo wobwerera 100% chikhoza kupezeka kwa mbalame, ndiye kuti chaka chilichonse chaka chokolola chidzagwa ndi 10-15%. Kawirikawiri, kuika nkhuku kunyumba kumapitirira 3, mpaka kufika pa zaka 4.
- Nkhuku Zogulitsa Kulima mafakitale a ma broilers mwina alibe pambuyo pofika kulemera kwake, komwe kawirikawiri kumachitika pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. M'nyumba, zaka za nkhuku zimatha kufika kuchokera miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka chimodzi.
- Mitundu ya mazira. Masiku ano, mbalamezi zikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi zokolola zambiri, iwo ali ndi dongosolo labwino la minofu. Anthu otere amakhala ndi zaka 1.5-2 za moyo.
- Mizere Cholinga chachikulu cha tambala ndikuteteza nkhuku ndikukhala aang'ono. Mwamsanga pamene nthawi yogwira ntchito yogonana kwa akazi imatha, tambala amayamba kuphedwa. Nthawi zambiri moyo umakhala zaka 4.
- Zokongoletsera mitundu. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka makumi angapo, chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito zofunikira za thupi mofulumira monga mitundu ya dzira.
Mukudziwa? Mosiyana ndi kuti nkhuku zimaonedwa kuti ndi mbalame zopanda ndege, nthawi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo kuti zisunthe. Motero, ndege yochuluka kwambiri ya nkhuku inalembedwa, yomwe inakhalapo kwa masekondi 13.
Lembani wogulitsa nthawi yaitali
Nkhuku yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi imadziwika ngati munthu amene wakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 14. Zolemba izi zalembedwa m'buku la Guinness. Palinso zambiri zambiri zokhudzana ndi ma avian ena ambirimbiri, koma izi sizinalembedwe. Kotero, pali zifukwa zonena za imfa ya mbalame ali ndi zaka 18, 20 ndi zaka zambiri. Komabe, palibe kufotokoza kwasayansi ndi umboni wa milandu yotereyi.
Ndi nkhuku zingati zimakhala popanda mutu
Mwinamwake, chifukwa cha funso ili losazolowereka ndilochitika kuyambira kale, pamene tambala yochotsedwa kuchokera ku tawuni yaing'ono ya ku America inakhala chaka ndi theka, pokhala nyenyezi m'dziko lonse ndikupindulitsa eni ake. Zonsezi zinachitika mu 1945. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku, zinawonekeratu kuti moyo wa tambalawo unapulumutsidwa ndi magazi, omwe anatseka mitsempha yambiri ndikupewa kutaya magazi.
Pofuna kuti akhalebe ndi moyo, mlimiyo adakakamizidwa kudyetsa ndi kuthirira mbalameyo, kupereka chakudya mwachindunji, komanso kutulutsa msuzi ndi sitiroko kuti mbalame zisagwedezeke. Zonse zofunika ntchito zinapitiliza kulamulira msana wa msana. Komabe, patadutsa miyezi 18, tambala adakali atagwidwa ndi kufa.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zizindikiro za matenda a nkhuku akuluakulu ndi nkhuku, komanso njira zothandizira.
Kawirikawiri, eni eni pa farmsteads amatha kuona zomwe zimachitika, mbalameyo ikapitirira, imatha kuthamanga kwa kanthawi, imawombera mapiko ake, imayambitsa kayendedwe ka chisokonezo. Kawirikawiri, izi zimatha mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi makumi awiri ndipo zimangochitika ngati msana wodwala sunavulala ndikudula mutu. Kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, amatha kulamulira thupi ngati palibe chizindikiro chochokera ku ubongo. Nkhope ya nkhuku yopanda chilema imadalira malo omwe akuwombera ndi nkhwangwa, liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa kutaya magazi, ndi mbali zomwe zimakhala ndi minofu.
Kuyembekeza kwa moyo wa nkhuku ndi moyo wawo weniweni m'mabanja ndi nkhuku za nkhuku zimasiyana kwambiri. Kawirikawiri nkhuku zimapitirira mpaka kufika polemera (mtundu wa nyama) kapena pachimake cha zokolola za dzira, kenako zimatumizidwa kukaphedwa. Nthaŵi zonse mbalamezi zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi munthuyo.
Kodi nkhuku zimakhala nthawi yaitali bwanji: ndemanga
