Ng'ombe ya musk: momwe iyo ikuwonekera, kumene imapezeka, yomwe idya

Ngakhale ng'ombe ya musk ndi wachibale wa ng'ombe ndi mbuzi wamba, nyama iyi ikuwoneka ngati wachilendo kwa zakale. Maonekedwe achilendo ndi zochitika zenizeni m'thupi lake zimatikumbutsa za nthawi zakale zapitazi. Panthawiyi, ng'ombe zamphongo za musk masiku ano zafalikira kudera lalikulu ndipo sizidzafa konse.

Kodi ng'ombe ya musk ndi ndani?

Ng'ombe zamakono zamakono (dzina lawo lotchuka kwambiri) zimachokera ku Himalaya kupita ku dziko la Siberia ndi kumpoto kwa Eurasia, komwe kunayamba kutha kutentha kwa Pleistocene. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, azimayi a ng'ombe amayamba kudzipha chifukwa cha kutentha komanso zifukwa zina. Komabe, popeza kutentha kwa Far North kunali kovomerezeka kwa iwo, iwo adatha kupulumuka, ngakhale ndi mizere yochepa, mpaka masiku athu.

Mukudziwa? Ngakhale dzina lachiwiri la zinyamazi - ng'ombe ya musk, matupi awo samakhala ndi mazisoni a musk.

Zimakhulupirira kuti kumalo a malo ake (Alaska, gawo la Greenland ndi chilumba pakati pawo) a musk ng'ombe amapeza chifukwa cha kusamuka chifukwa cha kutenthedwa. Anapita kumbali komwe kutentha kunali kolimba ndipo potsirizira pake anafika kumadera omwe anali nawo kudutsa mlatho wa nthaka wa Bering, poyamba ku North America kenako mpaka ku Greenland. Sayansi yamakono ili ndi tizirombo timene timene timakhala ndi nyama izi - Ovibos moschatus moschatus ndi Ovibos moschatus wardi, zomwe ziri zosiyana zosiyana. Zigawo zina zonse zimakhala zofanana; kuthengo, zimatha kukhala mu gulu lomwelo.

Werenganinso za zakutchire zakutchire.

Maonekedwe

Maonekedwe a ng'ombe za musk zinapangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi nyengo yowawa. Zonsezi zinachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwake kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zinapangidwa makamaka kuti zikhalitse motalika nthawi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, iwo alibe mbali zowonongeka za thupi pamwamba pa thupi - izi zimachepetsanso njira yotentha kutentha.

Nyama zimenezi zimatchulidwa kuti kugonana. Choyamba, nyanga za amuna ndizolimba kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zazikazi. Komanso, akazi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi dera loyera, lomwe liri pakati pa nyanga, komanso kusowa kwachangu m'munsi mwawo. Amuna achizindikiro:

• kutalika kwafota - 130-140 cm;
• kulemera - 250-650 makilogalamu.

Zizindikiro za akazi:

• kutalika kwafota - pafupifupi osachepera 120 cm.
• kulemera - sichiposa 210 kg.

Ndikofunikira! Kwa ng'ombe zamphongo za musk zomwe zimakhala m'munda wamaluwa, kukula kwakukulu ndizofunika: Amuna amafika 650 kg, akazi 300 makilogalamu.

Zizindikiro za maonekedwe:

1. Mutu uli ndi miyeso yayikulu. Kuchokera pamphumi pamphumi kumabwera kuzungulira kumayambiriro kumunsi, ndiyeno mmwamba ndi kunja kwa nyanga. Minyanga siikonzedwanso zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyambirira za moyo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinyama kuteteza ziweto ndi kumenyana.
2. Maso ali okonzedwa mozungulira, nthawi zambiri amdima wakuda.
3. Makutu a ng'ombe za musk ndizochepa (mpaka 6 cm).
4. M'mbali mwa belu la pamapewa, ng'ombe zamphongo za musk zimakhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha phokoso, lomwe limakhala lopanda phokoso.
5. Limbs amphamvu; kumbuyo kumatalika kuposa kutsogolo, komwe kuli kofunikira kuti musamukire kumapiri.
6. Mapiriwa amasinthidwa ndi ziboda, zomwe zimakhala zosalala, kukula kwakukulu ndi kuzungulira. Nkhumbazi zili pamapazi am'mbuyomu ndi ochuluka kuposa momwe zimakhalira kumbuyo.
7. Nyama zimenezi zili ndi mchira, koma ndizochepa (pafupifupi masentimita 15) ndipo zimabisika pansi pa ubweya.

Zovala za ubweya

Ng'ombe za Musk - zimakhala ndi ubweya wautali kwambiri, womwe umakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu (nthawi zisanu ndizitentha kuposa nkhosa). Malowa amapereka chomwe chimatchedwa Giviot - Ndipotu, ndi ubweya wachiwiri, umene umakula pansi pazomwe umakhalapo ndipo uli ndi thupi lochepa kuposa cashmere. Poyamba nyengo yotentha, imayambiranso, ndipo nthawi yowonongeka imakula kachiwiri.

Mukudziwa? Anthu okhala mmadera omwe amakhala ndi ng'ombe zakutchire za musk amasonkhanitsa zomwe zimaponyedwa ndi iwo m'nyengo yachilimwe ndikuzigwiritsira ntchito malonda ndi zojambulajambula.

Mtundu wa ubweya umatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi mthunzi wa bulauni kapena wakuda. Kuphatikizana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitunduyi ndi kotheka, koma tsitsi lofiirira kumbuyo kumakhala lofiira, kutembenuka kukhala lakuda pafupi ndi miyendo. Khungu limabisa thupi lonse, ndikuwonetsa nyanga, mphuno, milomo ndi ziboda zokha. Kutalika kwa chovalacho chimaikidwa pa khosi, ndipo osachepera - pa miyendo. M'nyengo yotentha, ubweya woyamba umakhala wamfupi kwambiri kuposa m'nyengo yozizira (pafupifupi 2.5 nthawi) chifukwa cha kukhetsa. Kutuluka kwa molting kumadalira kwambiri momwe nyengo ndi mvula zimagwirira ntchito. Ng'ombe zokalamba za musk ndi akazi oyembekezera, monga lamulo, zimathera nthawi yambiri kuposa abale awo. Pa nthawi yocheperako, tsitsi limasintha pa dongosolo loyamba likuchitika chaka chonse.

Kumeneko, mumakhala malo amtundu wanji

M'nyengo yotentha, ng'ombe sizingathe kukhala bwinobwino, monga momwe chikhomocho chimawombera kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake malo okha oyenera kwa iwo ndi mazira ozizira. Ndipo chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi monga maonekedwe a miyendo ndi ziboda, malo omwe ali ndi mapiri ndi mapiri ambiri ndi abwino kwambiri kwa ng'ombe zamphongo za musk.

Mkhalidwe wamakono wamakono uli kumadzulo ndi kummawa kwa Greenland ndi kumpoto kwa North America. Anabweretsanso kuzilumba zoyandikana, zomwe zili ndi malo abwino komanso odyera (kumpoto kwa Alaska, Nunivak ndi Nelson Island), kumene amamva bwino ndipo tsopano akubala. Kuyesayesa kwapanganso kukhazikitsa nyanja ya Iceland, Sweden ndi Norway ndi ng'ombe za musk, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zosadziwika sizinazuke.

Dziwani zambiri za mitundu ya njuchi: Asia, African.

Njira ya moyo

Makhalidwe awo, ng'ombe za musk zili m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi nkhosa zakutchire - choyamba, tikukamba za kusamuka kwa nyengo kwa chakudya. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, amasankha malo otsetsereka a tundra ndi zigwa za mitsinje ndi nyanja, chifukwa pali zomera zambiri zomwe zimapezeka kumeneko, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira zimakwera kumapiri. Kumeneku, mphepo imapsa chisanu kuchokera kumapiri mpaka kumtunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chosavuta.

Kwa zinyama izi zimakhalidwe abwino. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, gulu lililonse liri ndi mitu ya 5-7, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira ziweto zing'onozing'ono zimagwirizanitsidwa kukhala zikuluzikulu za anthu 10 mpaka 50. Ng'ombe za Musk zimadumphira pamwamba pa mapiri, nthawi imodzi ndikupeza udzu wamapiri, maluwa ndi zitsamba. M'chilimwe, nyamazo zimafunafuna chakudya ndi kupuma, nthawi zina mpaka maola 6-10 patsiku. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka kumapeto kwa kasupe, nyama imayenda, koma nthawi yomweyo malo osungirako ziweto amphongo sakhala oposa 200 mita mamita. makilomita Ng'ombe yamphongo kapena yaikazi ingakhale ikufunafuna malo atsopano odyetserako ziweto, koma pamakhala zoopsa (nyengo yoipa, kupha nyama, etc.) ng'ombe yamphongo imatenga nthawi zonse. Monga lamulo, gulu liziyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso mofulumira, komabe, ngati kuli koyenera, likhoza kufika mofulumira kufika pa 40 km / h ndikukhala nalo kwa nthawi yaitali.

M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zambiri zimapuma, kudya chakudya chomwe amadya tsiku lomwelo, ndipo ngati atagwidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho, amasiya kumbuyo ndikudikirira.

Ku India, pali ng'ombe ya zebu yomwe imasiyanasiyana ndi ng'ombe pamaso pa chingwe chamkati ndi ming'alu pakati pa miyendo yam'mbuyo. Monga ng'ombe ya ku Ulaya, zebu anakhala gwero la mkaka ndi wothandizira pa famu.

Chimene chimadyetsa

Ng'ombe za Musk ndi zinyama zokhala ndi zinyama zokha, motero zofuna zawo zazing'ono zimakhala zochepa: ndi maluwa, tchire ndi mitengo, lichens ndi zitsamba. Chisinthiko chakakamiza zinyamazi kuti zigwirizane ndi zochepa zomwe zimapezeka ku Arctic forage base. Chotsatira chake, adaphunzira kufufuza bwino ndi kukumba zomera zouma zobisika pansi pa chisanu, chifukwa chaka chonse chotentha chimatha kupezeka mu masabata angapo. Kuti Mitengo yambiri yomwe imakonda komanso yosakanikirana ndi musk zimaphatikizapo:

• udzu wa thonje;
• sedge;
• Astragalus;
• vidiyo;
• mytnik;
• mulungu;
• lugovik;
• chochita;
• dipontium;
• chowongolera;
• chithunzi;
• arktagrosisy.

Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe za Musk nthawi zina zimayendera malo omwe amapeza mineral, macro - ndi micronutrient supplements - zachilengedwe mchere wamatsenga. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yopanda chipale chofewa.

Kuswana

Kukula msinkhu pazimayi kawirikawiri kumabwera chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wawo, koma nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi umuna msinkhu wa miyezi 15-17. Ng'ombe zimatha kubzala amayi pofika zaka 2-3. Zaka zowonjezereka za akazi zimakhala zaka 11-13. Kawirikawiri, kubala kumabweretsa kamodzi kokha, komabe n'zotheka maonekedwe a mapasa. Ngati pa moyo wa chakudya chazimayi chinali chokhutiritsa, amatha kubweretsa ana 1-2 pa zaka khumi zoyambirira za moyo wake. M'tsogolomu, izi zidzachitika zoposa chaka chimodzi.

Ng'ombe ya ng'ombe ya musk imatha kuyambira kumapeto kwa July mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August, ndipo ili ndi magawo atatu:

1. Yambani. Akazi amayamba estrus, ndipo amalola kuti mwana wamwamuna wa alpha ayambe kuyimba ndi kuwombera. Kuwonjezera apo, nyimbo ya tsiku ndi tsiku yofufuza chakudya ndi kupuma imatayika, imayamba kusonyeza zachiwawa kwa amuna ena ndipo imapanga mapeyala oyambirira ndi ng'ombe. Kutalika kwa gawo ili ndi masiku 7-9.
2. Kutalika. Mawiri ambiri amapangidwa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi kuchokera ku ziweto zake. Amakwatirana, kenako awiriwa amasiyana.
3. Kuchedwa. Pang'onopang'ono, nyimbo za tsiku ndi tsiku za alume zimabwereranso mwachibadwa, ndipo amasiya kusonyeza zachiwawa kwa amuna ena.

Mu ziweto zazikulu panthawi ya chiwopsezo, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kutsutsana kwa ufulu wokwatirana ndi mkazi, koma panthawiyi amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwonetsa choopsya. Zimaphatikizapo mndandanda wa zochitika zamakhalidwe apadera:

• mutu umayenda motsatira mdani;
• kuwomba mphepo ndi nyanga;
• phokoso;
• kukumba nthaka ndi ziboda, ndi zina zotero.

Nthawi zina zimabwera kumenyana, ndipo kawirikawiri nkhondo yotereyi ikhoza kutha ndi imfa ya mmodzi mwa ophunzirawo.

Amayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi miyezi 8.5, koma nthawiyi imasiyana pang'ono malinga ndi chilengedwe. Ambiri amatha kubadwa kumapeto kwa April - kumayambiriro kwa June. Mayi wodwala sangathe kuzindikira pakati pa ng'ombe zina chifukwa cha mafupa ndi tsitsi lalitali. Khalidwe lokha ndilosiyana - ng'ombe zisanabereke zimakhala zopanda phokoso, zimatha kuthawira kumapeto kwa chiweto. Njira yobereka imatenga mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu zokha. Kulemera kwa mwana wang'ombe wobadwa ndi 8-10 makilogalamu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwana wathanzi ali ndi mchere wambiri, womwe umapereka chitetezo ku chimfine.

Kudyetsa koyamba kwakazi ndi maminiti 20-30 mutatha kubereka. M'masiku awiri oyambirira akudyetsa, ola lirilonse likuchitika, aliyense amatenga kuyambira 1 mpaka 10 mphindi. Kuyambira kuyambira mwezi umodzi, anyamata amapita ku udzu, ndipo mwezi wachisanu amakana mkaka wa amayi.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chisungidwe

Asayansi atsimikiza kuti chiwerengero cha ng'ombe za musk chinali kuchepa mosavuta chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe sizinamvetsetse bwino, zinasankhidwa kuti zisamuke ndi kuzifalitsa m'madera oyenera kwambiri zinyamazi. Kuyesera koteroku kunapangidwa ku Alaska, m'dera la tundra la Russia, zilumba za Nunivak, Wrangel, Sweden ndi Norway, kumene zikhalidwe zili zofanana ndi malo awo okhala.

Ndikofunikira! Kusaka kwa ng'ombe za musk sikuletsedwa m'mayiko onse otukuka. Malamulo oyendetsa masewerawa saperekedwa chifukwa cha kupha kwawo, ndipo kuvulazidwa kulikonse kumene mungapereke pazinyamazi kudzatsutsidwa.

Ng'ombe za Musk zakhala zikuzoloŵera bwino ku Sweden ndi Norway - m'malo ena onse zimakhazikika. Tsopano chiŵerengero chawo chonse cha anthu osachepera 17-20 zikwi anthu ndipo chikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse. Motero, anthu adatha kuthetsa kutha kwa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo mothandizidwa ndi zochita zofanana ndi mphamvu ya malingaliro awo, omwe tsopano ali m'gulu ndi chitetezo cha "kuchititsa mantha kwambiri."

Adani achilengedwe m'chilengedwe

Adani omwe amakonda kwambiri nyama zakutchire ndi awa:

• mimbulu;
• zimbalangondo zoyera ndi zofiirira;
• wolverines.

Akakumana ndi ngozi, nyama nthawi zambiri zimawombera, ndipo, popanda kupenyana, zimachoka ku dera. Komabe, ngati muwatenga mwadzidzidzi kapena kudula njira zonse zoti muthamangire, amaima pambali, ateteze anawo, ndipo ayambeni kutetezedwa mothandizidwa ndi nyanga ndi ziboda. Pamene pali nkhondo ndi nyama yowonongeka, anyamata amatembenukira kumsokoneza, ndipo atatha kugwedezeka, amatha kubwerera kwawo. Ng'ombeyo imachokera kwa mwamuna, kotero kuti akhoza kubwerera mwamsanga mu bwalo. Zinawonetseratu kuti pamene opha nyama amawombera mfutizi, ziweto zimayima, zogwira zowonongeka, kufikira omaliza a oimira, popanda kusiya abwenzi awo ogwa.

Mwamuna ndi musk ng'ombe

Chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chimene munthu anachipeza kuchokera kwa ng'ombe za musk mosakayikira ndi Giviot. Pakati pa mafakitale ake opangira, nsalu zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka, ndipamwamba kwambiri madiresi ndi kutentha kwa mafuta. Kwa molt umodzi, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 2 makilogalamu a zipangizo zoyambirira kuchokera ku nyama yaikulu. Poyambirira, ng'ombe zamphongo za musk zinaphedwa kuti zipeze nyama - zimatulutsa fungo la musk ndipo zimafanana ndi ng'ombe m'zinthu zake za organoleptic. Mitton ya mafuta monga yabwino inali chakudya. Komabe, chizoloŵezi ichi chatha tsopano.

Vuto: ng'ombe ya musk - nthano yamoyo ya Ice Age

Nkhumba ya Musk inali chitsanzo cha momwe munthu amasamalirira kusunga mitundu yodabwitsa ya zamoyo, kusamalira zambiri zokhudza chilengedwe kusiyana ndi za phindu lake. Tsopano anthu amtundu umenewu saopsezedwa kuti adzawonongeka. Mwinamwake chiwerengero chawo chidzapitiriza kukula, kukulitsa madera ovuta a kumpoto.