Mumasankha kudzala ndikukula mtengo wa lalanje kuchokera ku mwalawo.
Inde, mutha kupeza mtengo wokongola umene posachedwa udzawoneka, zipatso zabwino zowoneka, koma muyenera kutsatira malamulo ndi zinsinsi zowonjezera.
Zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuika ndi kusamalira mbewu, chithunzi cha momwe mungamere ndilanje ku fupa la pakhomo, momwe mungabzalidwe, mudzapeza zonse zomwe mukufunikira m'nkhaniyi.
Kukula pakhomo
Kuchokera ku mafupa
Kotero, ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndi lalanje yopangidwa kunyumba, yopangidwa nthawi adzayamba kubereka zipatso pambuyo pa zaka 6-7.
Musanabzala lalanje ku mwala, miyalayi imadonthozedwa kwa maola 12. Amapanga chisakanizo cha zipatso za citrus, zomwe zingagulidwe kusitolo.
Thupi zokongoletsera lalanje kuikidwa mu mphika, kuika pa mbali yake, odzaza ndi wosanjikiza dothi, umene wothira. Mphika wokhala ndi fupa lotsekedwa umaphimbidwa ndi kapu yoonekera ndikuika malo otentha ndi ofunika.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Musalole kugunda pamitengo yazembera - lalanje idzafa.
Kuwombera kumawonekera masabata 4-5. Zitsanzo zazikulu ndi zowonjezereka zimabzalidwa m'magawo osiyana ndipo zimakula, Monga mtengo wogulidwa mu sitolo.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji?
Musanabzala lalanje kuchokera mwala, m'pofunika kudziŵa kuti katemera ndi njira yaikulu yowonetsetsera fruiting ya lalanje. Pali njira ziwiri za katemera:
1. chogwirira
Asanayambe ndondomekoyi, phesi limadulidwa kale ku fruiting specimen. Ngati mutadula phesi poyamba, mwachitsanzo, munabweretsa kuchokera kutali, ndiye sungani mu firiji. Pofuna kusungirako, onetsetsani mapeto ndi thonje lonyowa ndikuyika chopanda kanthu mu thumba. Choncho, kuphatikizako kumatha pafupifupi mwezi.
Asanayambe, nthambi ndi spikes zimachotsedwa ku workpiece. Malo opatsirana katemera amafafanizidwa ndikudulidwa. Kenaka makungwawo amapukutidwa ndipo kudula kumakhala pamtengo.
Konzani kapangidwe ka katemera kapena tepi, atakulungidwa ndi polyethylene ndikuyika malo otentha. Phukusili lichotsedwa pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, ndipo patapita milungu iwiri - chotsani harani. Ngati mzerewu sunasinthe wakuda, koma unangokhala wachikasu, ndiye kuti ndondomekoyo inapambana.
2. Kusamba
Uh
ndiye diso likulumikiza, ndiko impso zosiyana kuchokera ku fruiting chomera.
Diso liyenera kukhala tulo, popeza nthawi yodzitetezera imeneyi ndi yophukira.
Pakuyamba kwa kasupe, nyamayo imadzuka ndi kuphuka.
Chophimbacho chimayikidwa mbali ya mbali ya thunthu, atakulungidwa ndi filimuyo.
Mphukira ya orange iyenera kuonekera pambuyo masabata 3-4.
Kuwonjezera pa njira yotchuka yokula kuchokera ku mwala, chomeracho chikhoza kufalikira vegetatively.
Inoculation
Sakanizani mzere wa lalanje pa malo a mandimu. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito pazinthu izi kukhala zowakometsera zowonongeka.
Chida
Kuchokera ku mtengo wa zipatso osiyana phesi ndi 3-4 anayamba masamba. Kutalika kwa chosowa ndi masentimita 10 (10 cm). Kudulidwa kuchoka ku nthambi zopanda masamba zomwe siziphwasuka, koma kupindika.
Mankhwala othandizira mzuzi, inayikidwa mu gawo lapansi lonyowa mu nyengo yotentha. Mizu yokolola imapereka masabata 3-4. Kudula mwamsanga kumayamba kukula ndipo masamba amawonekera.
Pambuyo rooting ndi cuttings atakhala mu mbale ndi chisakanizo cha turf, mchenga, humus ndi pepala osakaniza. Mukasamukira, yesani kusokoneza mizu yovuta. Mu chaka choyamba, mphukira imakulungidwa katatu mu mphika watsopano ndi nthaka, ndi nthawi ya mwezi umodzi.
Kuyika
Pa mtengo wamkulu, nthambi imasankhidwa yomwe ili ndi chaka chimodzi. Nthambi yaitali - 25 cm, m'mimba mwake - 0,5 cm.
Pamtunda wa masentimita 12 kuchokera kumunsi 2 mabala akupangidwa mu bwalo, makungwa achotsedwa pa tsamba.
Chophika chodulidwa chimayikidwa pa kudula uku. kotero kuti mfundo yochepetsedwayo inali pakati pake.
Halves alizikika ndi odzaza ndi moss. Pamwamba pa mphika kuti asunge chinyezi atakulungidwa ndi filimu.
Nkhumba idzakupatsani mizu mwezi umodzi. Amachotsedwa mosamala ndi kuikidwa mu chidebe chosiyana. Kuwonjezera mizu yoyenera ikuyenera kuchitidwa kwa masiku 15 kumalo osungira.
Kugula mmera wokonzeka
Kugula mbande zokonzedweratu ndi njira yophweka yobala chipatso mufupikitsa kuposa, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa malalanje kuchokera ku maenje kunyumba.
Mutagula chomeracho amafunika kuwombera kumalowetsa chotsitsa chotengera ndi gawo lapansi. Koma musamachite nthawi yomweyo. Orange poyamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zatsopano. Kuika bwino kumachitika bwino patatha masiku 3-5 mutasamukira ku malo atsopano.
Mtengo wawung'ono umayikidwa mu chisakanizo cha magawo awiri a nkhuni, ndi gawo limodzi la humus, mchenga ndi masamba osakaniza.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?
Orange ndi mwana wa kuwala ndi kutentha. Zimatsatira ili pafupi ndi mawindo akummawa kapena kumadzulo ndi kusunga kutentha mkati madigiri 20, osalola dzuwa kulowa mmunda. Kuti muthe kulima bwino, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasamalire kunyumba.
Kuthirira ndi fetereza
Orange ndi chikondi-chinyezi, kotero mu chilimwe ndi kasupe amamwa madzi tsiku lililonse. Ndipo m'nyengo youma, kawiri pa tsiku.
Ngati mlengalenga muli wouma, iyenso ipangidwe. Koma mulimonsemo, musagwedeze nthaka, mizu ya zowola izi.
Madzi kwa kuthirira kumwa zakhazikika kapena zophika, monga mchere womwe uli mu madzi a pompopu uli wowononga.
Kusamalira chisamaliro cha malalanje m'nyumba m'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, madzi okwanira ayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka kamodzi, kawiri pa sabata.
Kuti feteleza ikhale ndi feteleza yapadera, ikasintha ndi njira yothetsera manyowa. Feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuthirira kamodzi pakatha masabata awiri.
Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji maluwa?
Kuti lalanje bwino liphuphuke muyenera kupanga korona wake ndi kukongoletsa. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa maluwa amawoneka pa mphukira, kuyambira pachisanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakufunika maluwa ambiri kuti ayambe kukula.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Nthambi zam'mapiri 10-15 masentimita m'litali. Ndikofunika kuchotsa timapepala tachiwiri ndi katatu kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira, ndikusiya wapamwamba pamwamba pake. M'malo mwa kuwomba masamba masamba amawonekera, ndipo kuchokera kwa iwo mphukira zidzakula, zomwe iwo amachita mofanana.
Mudzapeza chitsamba chophwima ndi mphukira zochepa komanso nthawi zambiri. Momwe nthambi za 4 zikuonekera, mapangidwe angawoneke kukhala odzaza. Ndi mtengo uwu umene udzapereka maluwa ambiri.
Kudulira kwina kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi kuphuka zomwe zikukula mkati. Kuti apange masamba, m'pofunikira kupereka kutentha kwa madigiri 18.
Zipatso zopanga
Sitingalole kuti chitukuko cha m'mimba mwake chizimera maluwa. Zipatso 2-3 zokha zatsala chaka choyamba, chomera cha zaka 4-5 chingaloledwe kukula kuchokera ku zipatso 6 mpaka 10.
Orange - malingaliro odzikonda okha Komabe, mukhoza kumuthandiza. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yofewa kuti mulowe mkati mwa maluwa amodzi, kenako mkati mwake.
Kumvetsera kwanu mkati mwalanje mu chithunzi:
Zima zachisanu
Maluwa oyambirira amafunikira nyengo yozizira. Panthawi imeneyi, perekani ozizira, madigiri 10 mpaka 12, madzi osadziwika. Nthawi yopumulira imeneyi imalimbikitsa kukula pa nyengo yokula.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Popanda kuzizira kwa maluwa, choncho chipatso sichitha kuyembekezera.
Kuwaza
Nthawi zambiri zimadalira zaka za zomera. Ndimapanga sapling kamodzi pachaka, chomera cha zaka 3-4 - kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, zaka 5-7 - kamodzi pa zitatu ndi zinayi. Miphika imakonzedwa masentimita angapo kuposa kale.
Kufalikira lalanje njira yosinthira ndi dothi. Padzakhala malo okwanira pansi pamadzi kuti mizu isakhale yothira madzi okwanira.
Matenda
Chikhalidwe ichi chimadwala matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Choopsa kwambiri mwa iwo ndi mankhwala a gamma (hommoses).
Mukadwala, makungwa a thunthu ndi mizu amafa, ndipo madzi achikasu amayamba kutuluka m'madera odwala. Choyambitsa matendawa ndi kubzala chophimba kuphatikizapo mizu yovulaza pakamasulidwa.
Malo ochepa okhudzidwa angathe kutsukidwa ndi kuchiritsidwa poyamba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiyeno kuphika munda. Ngati gawo lalikulu la mbeu likukhudzidwa, silidzayankhidwa ngati likuchiritsidwa, likuchotsedwa.
Kuteteza antarocnosis, wart ndi zina zofalikira matenda Madzi a Bordeaux akulimbikitsidwa.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Mtengo wodwala matenda a tizilombo sungachiritsidwe.
Bwanji masamba akugwa?
Matenda ndi matenda onse a lalanje amaphatikizidwa ndi chisamaliro chosayenera kwa iye. Choncho, ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa, zikutanthauza Mukupanga zolakwika zotsatirazi:
- kusintha mwadzidzidzi m'ndende. Olima amalima amakonda kukondetsa ziweto zawo pamsewu kapena khonde. Ngati chomeracho chidaima pamalo ozizira, kenako nkugwera mu chipinda chofunda, tsamba lakutaya masamba limatsimikiziridwa;
- kusamba kosayenera. Nthaka yowonjezereka, kapena kupambanitsa kwake sikuvomerezeka. Iye sakonda mpweya wouma;
- overfeeding Manyowa ambiri si abwino. Chomeracho chimadyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira sichimangidwe konse;
- kusowa kwa kuwala. Simungathe kuziyika pazenera za kumpoto kapena kumdima wakuda;
- kutentha kwakukulu m'nyengo yozizira. Osayika lalanje pafupi ndi mabatire nthawi yotentha. Ngati mlengalenga muli wouma, sungani masamba ndi madzi kamodzi patsiku.
Tizilombo
Nyongolotsi ya Citrus: tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi tizilombo ta 5-mm. Amakhazikika pansi pa masamba, ndikusiya powdery deposit.
Njira zolimbanirana ndi mankhwala a sopo, ndiyeno tizilombo.
Shchitovka: chimaphimba masamba ndi madontho a brownish. Thupi la tizilombo timakhala ndi chipolopolo, chomwe sichimatha kukhala poizoni.
Choncho, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapukutidwa ndi masamba ndi swaboni ya thonje yotsekedwa mu mowa kapena sopo.
Kupewa korona pambuyo pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Nsabwe za m'masamba: maonekedwe ake amadziwika ndi chikhomo chokhazikika pa masamba. Njira zolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndizofanana ndi nkhondo ndi chishango.
Mtedza wa citrus wofiira: onani kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Amakhala pamtunda ndipo amachotsa madziwo.
Chomeracho chimayamba kukumba mu kukula, masamba ndi zipatso ali opunduka. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, lalanje imatulutsidwa ndi 2% mafuta emulsion.
Momwe mungabzalidwe poyera
Izi ndizotheka kokha pokhapokha ngati m'nyengo yozizira kutentha sikugwera pansi pa madigiri 12-15. Ngati mukukhala kudera la nyengo ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, ingangowonjezereka mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Kwa kubzala, malo okwezeka amasankhidwa, momwe mitengo imasokonekera. Kubzala kumachitika mu kasupe, kudulidwa bwino ndi nthaka yochuluka. Kuti chakudya chikhale chamtengo wapatali, nthaka imapindula ndi organic fertilizers.
Mukamabzala, muzu wazuwo umakwiriridwa pang'ono kuti ukawathirira umakhala pansi. Dzikoli lathyoledwa pang'ono, madzi ndi madzi. Kuthirira mpaka kukwera kwa rooting kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, moistening nthaka mochuluka.
Kusamalira ndiko kuthirira ndi kukakamiza kumasula. Kudyetsa mchere kumachitika kawiri panthawi yopatsa zomera. Masiku otentha, dzuwa, chomera chiyenera kukhala pritenyat. Kupewa masamba oyaka.
Kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi kumasula Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kupopedwa nthawi zonse. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa mtengo wa lalanje ndi wosavuta kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo kusiyana ndi kuchiza.
