Orchid imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zomera zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi - oimira nyama zakutchire anawoneka mamiliyoni ambiri zaka zapitazo. Lerolino, orchid mu mitundu yonse ya zamoyo zimapanga gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la zomera zonse padziko lapansi.
Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi mudzaphunzira za mbiri yachilendo ya maluwa awa, omwe ndi dziko lakwawo, pamene ndinabwera ku Ulaya, momwe mafashoni amasonkhanitsira zomera adawonekera. Amadziwanso malamulo a chisamaliro chapanyumba.
Kodi duwa limakula kuti?
Mitengo ya orchid inabweretsa chisangalalo kumayiko onse kupatula Antarctica. Funso lachibadwidwe limabadwa: Kodi ndi njira iti yomwe imadziwika bwino kwambiri ya maluwa a orchid (omwe amakula pamtengo) amakula kwambiri? Inde, izi ndi zozizira, chifukwa chilengedwechi ndi chokongola kwambiri pa kukula kwawo.
Asayansi anagawanitsa mapulani a orchids m'madera anayi a nyengo:
- Central America, South America, m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Africa ndi madera omwe ali pambali yomweyo. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi khalidwe la izi ndizo zomwe orchid zimakonda, makamaka ziphuphu.
Madera a m'mapiri: Andes, mapiri a Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. Kutentha apa ndi kochepetsetsa kusiyana ndi malo oyambirira a nyengo, koma chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi chapamwamba. Zikatero, oimira pafupifupi onse Orchids amamva bwino.- Plateau ndi steppe. Ngakhale kuti mikhalidwe imeneyi si yabwino kwa ma orchids, iwo ali pano. Ambiri mwa iwo ali padziko lapansi komanso epiphytic.
- Malo otentha kwambiri. Pali ma orchids ochepa pano ndipo amaimira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya padziko lapansi.
Madera a m'mapiri: Andes, mapiri a Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. Kutentha apa ndi kochepetsetsa kusiyana ndi malo oyambirira a nyengo, koma chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi chapamwamba. Zikatero, oimira pafupifupi onse Orchids amamva bwino.Ndi liti pamene linabweretsedwa ku Ulaya?
Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Ulaya anakumana ndi orchid pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo. Ankawona Bletia verecunda. Pali umboni wakuti asilikali a ku Spain anabweretsa orchid mu 1510, koma chifukwa chosadziŵa bwino chisamaliro, zomera zinamwalira. Zinali zotheka kuthetsa ndondomeko ya kulima pokhapokha mu 1840.
- Joseph Banks akuonedwa ngati munthu amene anapeza orchid ku Ulaya. Anthu a ku Ulaya ankakonda mitundu yamaluwa.
- Ku England, Eulophia alta anali maluwa omwe amayamba kulima, omwe Dr. William Houston anatumiza kuchokera ku East India.
- Mu 1778, John Foter anabweretsa Phaius tancervillae ndi Cymbidium ensifolium ku China.
Kambiranani ndi banja lachifumu
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya orchid ku Ulaya inali yodziwika ndi banja lachifumu, komwe mafashoni omwe anatola chomeracho anawonekera. Mfumukazi Augusta, amake a King George III, adayambitsa malo otchedwa Royal Botanic Gardens ku Kew, kumene ma orchid anakula, akuzunguliridwa ndi Joseph Banks. Mndandanda woyamba wa zomera zimenezi unalembedwa ndi wamaluwa a Royal Botanical William Aiton ndi mwana wake mu 1974.
Admiral William Bley anapatsa munda wamaluwa ochiritsira khumi ndi asanu kuchokera ku East India. Kusonkhanitsa orchids kwakhala pakati pa olemera amaluwa wamaluwa. Chomera ichi chakhala chitsimikizo cha mtundu wa anthu mmwamba.
Mitundu ina idasindikizidwa kukagulitsa ndipo mafumu a Rothschild komanso banja lachifumu la Russia linapikisana kugula.
Mbiri ya kutuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Masiku ano pali mitundu yoposa 35,000 ya orchids, koma chodabwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti ofufuza a m'madera otentha akupitiriza kupeza mitundu yatsopano. Inde, chomeracho chimapatsidwa zosiyana chotero osati ku chilengedwe, komanso kuntchito yolimbika ya obereketsa zikwi zikwi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Pa funso lomwe zitsanzo zoyambirira zopangidwa ndi munthu zinachokera - olemba mbiri amayankha kuchokera ku England. Kuno, m'zaka za zana la 19, chifukwa cha chidwi, wolima munda anayamba kuyesa maluwa a Cattley guttat ndi Cattley londiguesi. Mbewu zaphuka, ndipo Cattleya Hybrid ndi zotsatira.
Kodi amafunika kutetezedwa?
Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, orchid imafuna chitetezo chifukwa chomera chodabwitsachi chikuwonongedwa mwankhanza mu chilengedwe pochita mitengo yowonongeka kwa mitengo ndi kugula koyenera kwa zipangizo za mankhwala. Nkhani ya chitetezo inakulira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Mitundu yoyamba yolondera inali "chotsitsa cha dona".
M'buku lofiira la Russia Mitundu 35 ya orchids yalembedwa. Mayiko ambiri amasunga mitundu yambiri ya zomera izi m'minda yamaluwa, malo osungirako nyama komanso malo odyetserako ziweto.
Ku Washington mu 1973, iwo adasaina "Msonkhano Wopezeka Padziko Lonse M'mayiko Oopsya a Zanyama ndi Zomera (CITES)" Malingana ndi zolembedwa izi, orchids imatetezedwa ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse. Zokhazo zokha ndizobzala zomera zatsopano.
Malonda amtundu wa orchid amatha kuchitidwa ndi chilolezo choti atumize chomera kuchokera kudziko lomwe adachokera, ndipo mufunikanso kupeza chilolezo cholowetsa ku dziko lolowera.
Chisamaliro ndi zochitika zake
M'masitolo m'masitolo lerolino ndi mitundu yambiri ya mawanga a orchid, omwe ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri. Malinga kusangalala kukongola kokongola kunyumba, kwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zosavuta:
- Kuunikira bwino kwa orchid kumakhala kuwala kwa maola oposa 12.
- Kutentha kwa chipinda cha orchid kumakhala pakati pa madigiri 20-27 masana ndi 14-24 usiku.
- M'katimo muyenera kukhala ndi mvula yambiri. Mukhoza kuyika chomera pafupi ndi aquarium, kapena kuika pafupi ndi sitima ya orchid ndi madzi.
- Pakati pa maluwa ndi kukula mwamphamvu, orchid imafuna madzi okwanira; nthawi yonseyi, kuthirira kumakhala koyenera.
The orchid ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri chomwe chimamera kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komanso m'chilimwe.
Nyumba iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe ake imakhala yopambana komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri. Kupanda mavuto mu chisamaliro kumapindulitsa ubwino wa orchid pankhani yosankha chiweto pakati pa oimira zomera.
