Kuphunzira kupatsa mphesa m'dzinja: Malangizo othandiza

Mphesa ndi othandiza kwambiri chifukwa ali ndi mavitamini, mchere, antioxidant substances.

Musakhale chete, komanso za kukoma kwawo.

Mphesa idzamera pa nthaka iliyonse, ndipo sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera.

Ndicho chifukwa chake zimakula kwambiri.

Koma, pakuchita, pali mafunso ambiri okhudza kusamalidwa kwa mbeuyi, ndipo yowonjezera ndi yofesa mphesa, yomwe imachitika mu nyengo ya kugwa.

Mawu ochepa okhudza tchire omwe akhoza kuikidwa

Kotero, ndi mipesa iti yomwe ingakhoze kuikidwapo imadziwika bwino. Koma kodi ndi tchire liti lomwe liri laling'ono kapena lachikulire?

Mizu yomwe imakula imakhala yovuta kukumba mu mipesa yakale, ndipo pali ngozi yowonongera mizu. Popeza zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, zomera zimakhazikika pamalo atsopano.

Chifukwa cha kusamvetseka kwa mbali zakutchire za chitsamba ndi mizu, kuphulika kwa fruiting nthawi zambiri kukumana.

Ndi bwino kubzala tchire ali wamng'ono, pafupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Komabe, mphesa sizimalangizidwa kubzala, chifukwa pali ngozi yobweretsa phylloxera. Zina, ngakhale zosafunika kwenikweni, zothandizira pakukula kwa chitsamba cha mphesa zimapweteka. Koma, ngati, ngakhale mutasankha kubzala mphesa kupita kumalo atsopano, muyenera kusankha mosamala malo ndi nthawi.

Bwanji akugwa? Tidzakambirana Ubwino wa Kugulira Wophukira mphesa:

• M'dzinja, zimakhala zosavuta kupeza mitundu yofunika yoika, chifukwa vinyo amamaliza kukumba ndipo padzakhala mitundu yatsopano ya mbande;
• Panthawiyi, nthaka imasungunuka bwino; kuthirira ndikosavuta;
• Kuonjezera apo, m'mayiko akummwera, nthaka siidzasunthira mpaka pamene mizu ilipo, zomwe zidzathandiza mphesa kukula mizu yatsopano m'nyengo yozizira. Komanso, mpesa umasindikizidwa kumapiri a kum'mwera, omwe sanafike nthawi yowonjezereka, amavutika ndi kutentha. Kudyetsa kwadzinja sikukuphatikiza izi.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji chitsamba chachikulire kuti musamuke

Kukonzekera kwa madera a mphesa kumayamba ndi kusonkhanitsa zipangizo zofunika ndi zakuthupi zofunika. Izi ndi fosholo, pruner, dongo, manyowa ndi feteleza (potashi mchere, humus ndi superphosphate).

Kusamutsa kunali kofunikira kwambiri:

• Kuonetsetsa kuti mizu ya mphesa imakhala yotetezeka, thunthu ndi pansi pamtengo.
• Secators adadula mpesa pafupifupi masentimita 20 pamwamba pa nthaka, kuchoka mphukira zazifupi, kuchotsa nthawi yaitali. Iwo akhoza kusinthidwa ndi kudula.
• Pamunsi, mu bwalo, mosamala kwambiri kukumba chitsamba, osayesa kuwononga mizu ya mphesa yamphesa. Kenaka, mosamala mosakanizika ndi fosholo, mutulutse mizu ndikuchotsa dziko lapansi pamodzi ndi mizu pamtunda.
• Ikani mizu ya mphesa muzakonzedwe ka dongo, kuti muchite izi, sakanizani mafosholo awiri a manyowa ndi fosholo imodzi ya dothi, kenaka sanganizani zonse ndi madzi. Kusakaniza kumeneku, mukulingalira, kumafanana ndi zonona zonona. Ikani mizu ya mpesa mmenemo kwa mphindi zingapo, chotsani icho, ndi kuyiyika pansi.

Kukonzekera dzenje lodzala

Chombo chotsetsereka, kumene mphesa zidzasinthidwe, zakonzedweratu pasadakhale, mwezi umodzi musanayambe kukonzekera kubzala. Nthaka mu dzenje iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, izi zidzateteza mizu yambiri.

Chifukwa momwe dothi lidzakonzedweratu, zimadalira momwe mbeu idzakhalire mwamsanga pamalo atsopano. Mwa kuika mphesa mu kugwa, mumapanga zakudya zam'mimba zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu yatsopano ikhale ndi michere.

Pofuna kupeza zotsatira zofunikira, kutsegula kwakukulu, madzi okwanira ndi feteleza ambiri amapangidwa pansi pa dzenje.

• Mulu uliwonse wa mphesa umakhala padera, mamita awiri kutali. Chombo chokwera chodula mphesa chilichonse chimakonzedwa mosiyana, kukula kwa 50x50 cm, kuya kwa 65 mpaka 100 cm. Zakudya zimalowa m'zenje, zomwe zimayenera kusakanikirana ndi nthaka.
• Kuchokera mphesa za mphesa, pofuna kusinthanitsa voliyumu ya aboveground ndi pansi pansi, zidula mphukira. Pa mphesa, uli ndi mizu yabwino, asiyeni manja atatu kuti akhale ndi maudindo awiri payekha. Pamene mizu yoonongeka imachotsedwa pamwamba pamtunda. Kwa mizu yayika pansi kwambiri, chotsani mizu ya mame.

Pofuna kuthira nthaka, ammonium sulphate, superphosphate, humus ndi phulusa zimayambira mu dzenje lodzala; potaziyamu mchere ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa m'malo mwake. Zomwe feteleza zimatengedwa zimakhala zosakanikirana ndi dziko lapansi, chifukwa chotsatira chabwino chiyenera kutsanulira mu chernozem yatsopano.

Kuzama maenje sayenera kukhala ochepa 65 cm, ndi bwino kuposa mita imodzindiye mizu yonse ya mphesa idzakhazikika mwabwino.

Gawo lotsatira ndi kudzala mphesa zikumba.

Kamtengo kakang'ono kamapangidwa mu fossa. Pamene akugwira chitsamba, amadzaza dzenje ndi nthaka ku mizu, amafunika kugwedezeka. Dziko lapansi laphatikizidwa. Mtengo uliwonse wa mpesa umathiriridwa mochuluka.. Pambuyo pa madziwa, lembani pansi ndi kuthirira. Iwo ali ndi dziko lapansi kotero kuti pali mitundu ya mphukira ya mawanga ndi masamba anai.

• Mphepete mwa phirili iyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 8 pamwamba.
• Mphesa yosindikizidwa imayenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata, mlingo uyenera kufika pazitsulo.
• Olima munda amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera mbeu ya barele ku mizu ya moyo wabwino.
• Manyowa obiriwira omwe ali ndi zitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka, yomwe ili yosauka kwambiri, ndi misomali yampukuta kapena zitini zingakhoze kuikidwa m'manda, kutenthedwa pamoto.
• Musamangokhalira kutchera mphesa pamtunda.
• M'chaka cha 1 mutatha kuziika, zonse zochotsedwa zimachotsedwa, ndipo m'chaka chachiwiri - chachitatu, chomwe chimalola kuti chitsamba chifulumire.

Mphesa zimaikidwa m'njira zingapo. Njira yopangira chitsamba chokhala ndi phula la nthaka mu dzenje lalikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tchire tating'ono zaka zaka 1-3. Masiku angapo musanafike mphesa musamamwe madzindipo mizu idzakhala pamodzi pamodzi.

Bweretsani zitsamba za mphesa sizikulimbikitsidwa pamalo omwewo. Apo ayi, dzenje lakale lidzasintha pansi, ndilo liyenera kusinthidwa.

Mphesa chitsamba ndi mtanda wa lapansi kuikidwa mu ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Mphesa imadulidwa, uyenera kuchoka manja awiri okha.
2. Pa malaya onse ayenera kutsalira pa mphukira ziwiri.
3. Ndiye pang'onopang'ono kukumba mu chitsamba.
4. Dulani mizu yotsika kwambiri.
5. Chomeracho chimayikidwa mu dzenje lokonzekera lokonzera 10 cm pansi pa msinkhu wapitawo.
6. Kenaka amatsanulira dziko lapansi mu dzenje ndikutsanulira zidebe ziwiri zamadzi.

Tikufika mphesa ndi bare roots amapezeka pafupifupi motere:

1. Mpesa umadulidwa, umasiya manja awiri kapena 4 okha.
2. Pa manja amadula chirichonse. Mphukira ziwiri zokhala ndi masamba atatu zatsala.
3. Pamene kukumba m'tchire musayese kuwononga pansi mizu.
4. Mizu ili pansipa - chotsani.
5. Mphesa amaikidwa mu dzenje lokonzedwa bwino, masentimita 20 pansi pa msinkhu wapitawo.
6. Kenaka dzenje likutsekedwa ndi dziko lapansi, chomeracho chimathiriridwa ndi 2 zidebe zamadzi.

Ngati malingaliro onse akutsatiridwa, mphesa zidzatha kubweranso chaka chamawa mutabzala, koma tiyambe kusangalala ndi zipatso zokha kuyambira chaka chachiwiri.

Pakuika mphesa popanda malo Ndi bwino kutsatira malangizowo otsatirawa:

1. Onetsetsani mosamala mizu, pamtundu wapamwamba wa manja awiri amanzere, ndi pamanja a mphukira ziwiri.
2. Mizu yowonongeka imachotsedwanso ndipo imadula mizu yomwe imakula pamtunda wa masentimita 20. Zigawo zodulidwa zimagwiritsidwa ndi chisakanizo cha dongo ndi manyowa.
3. Pansi pa dzenje ndi kondomeko kakang'ono, kanikeni chitsamba mmenemo kuti mizu ya m'munsi ikhale yoyenera phirilo kumbali zonse. Kenaka dzenje ladzaza, lopangidwa ndi madzi. Sungani nthaka ndi masamba ogwa.
4. Mphesa zosindikizidwa zimafunikira malo m'nyengo yozizira. M'chilimwe chotsatira, chotsani ma inflorescences onse, osalola chipatso, mpesa sungadulidwe.

Ndi bwino kumuika mphesa m'dzinja nthawi zina, pamene masamba onse agwa, koma muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi isanakwane yoyamba chisanu, chifukwa mizu ndi yovuta kwambiri ndi kuwononga zovuta.

Musaiwale za kuthirira chitsamba kuti ikhale mizu bwino pamalo atsopano. Kuchita izi kumafuna nthawi imodzi kwa masabata awiri kapena awiri kuti madzi afike ku chidendene.