Kodi mungapeze chiyani kuchokera ku nkhunda?

Ambiri a ife timakonda kudyetsa njiwa kapena mbalame zina. Koma kodi mukudziwa zotsatira zomwe zikukuyembekezerani? Tsopano tilankhulana za matenda ofala kwambiri a njiwa zomwe zimafalitsidwa kwa anthu.

Matenda a njiwa: matenda, matenda ndi kupewa, ngozi kwa anthu

Ndipotu, pali nthenda yambiri ya matenda osiyanasiyana, ambiri mwa iwo akhoza kukula m'thupi la munthu.

Ornithosis

Ornithosis amatchedwa matenda oopsa opatsirana, omwe amapezeka kwambiri mbalame zam'tchire komanso zakutchire. Nthaŵi zambiri, matendawa amadziwika m'nyengo yozizira.

Kawirikawiri manyowa amapezeka nkhunda.. Komanso, matendawa nthawi zambiri ndi yankho la funso loti nkhunda nkhunda zimafa. Pa tsiku loyamba la matendawa, nyama zinyama zimakhala ndi zizindikiro monga mpweya wochepa komanso kutsekula m'mimba, komwe kumachitika patapita nthawi ndipo ikhoza kupha anapiye (nthawi zambiri ali ndi zaka 24).

Ngati mwawona zizindikiro zofanana ndi za nkhunda zanu, ndiye izi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chowopsya. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amakula bwino, amadya komanso osadya bwino. Mu mbalame zazikulu, matendawa amatha kuwonetsa ngati mpweya wochepa, mphuno yothamanga, ndi kupuma. Nthawi zambiri amatha kugonana ndi conjunctivitis, limodzi ndi kuvulaza kwambiri.

Simungathe kulingalira chifukwa nkhunda ikugwedezeka, koma mbalameyo ikangoyamba kugwedezeka ndikugwedezeka mutu nthawi zonse, pofuna kuchotsa mchere, muyenera kuganizira za kuthekera kwa matendawa. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo popanda kusamalidwa bwino, njiwa ikukuta ndipo idzawonongeka.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, matendawa anafotokozedwa ndi T. Jürgensen, akuwatcha "SARS". Zinachitika mu 1879. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, D. Ritter anayambitsa mgwirizano wake ndi matenda a mapuloteni.

Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri pa chithandizo cha ornithosis ndi azithromycin ndi erythromycinanalembera mankhwala ochepetsa mankhwala. N'zotheka kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala a tetracycline.

Kutha kwa maphunziro kumadalira mphamvu ya kuchipatala, ndipo monga njira yothandizira matenda, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito bronchodilators, mavitamini, mpweya.

Pogwiritsa ntchito nkhuku, malamulo a chiwerengero cha anthu komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi nkhuku sizinasankhidwe.

Ndikofunikira! Musayambe muiwala za kusunga malamulo a zinyama ndi zowonongeka poitanitsa nkhuku kuchokera ku mayiko ena, kukonza nkhuku ndi nkhuku.

Nthawi zambiri mbalame zodwala zimawonongeka ndipo zipinda zimatetezedwa. Onse ogwira ntchito ayenera kupatsidwa zovala zoteteza komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Ponena za anthu, odwala angapitidwe kuchipatala chifukwa cha zizindikiro zachipatala ndi matenda, komanso anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, angayang'ane kwa masiku 30.

Emergency prophylaxis imachitika masiku khumi, pogwiritsa ntchito doxycycline ndi tetracycline.

Matenda aumunthu amatha kupunduka ndi fumbi, zouma zakumwa zamchere ndi zinyama. Nthawi yowonjezera matendawa imatha kuyambira masabata amodzi mpaka atatu, ndipo matenda omwewo akhoza kukhala ovuta kapena osapitirira.

Zonse zimayamba ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kuzizira, kuwonjezeka thukuta, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka m'misungo ndi ziwalo. Munthu wodwala akhoza kudandaula za kufooka, kusokonezeka tulo, pakhosi, ndi kudzimbidwa. Nthawi zina, kunyozetsa ndi kutsekula m'mimba kumachitika.

Pa kafukufuku, conjunctivitis nthawi zambiri imapezeka odwala, ndipo sabata yoyamba ya matendawa imapangidwa ndi hepatolienal syndrome. Mtima wamtima umasungunuka, pali chizoloŵezi cha bradycardia ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kusagona, kusakwiya, kukhumudwa, kusasamala, kapena adynamia angakhalenso.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha kupweteka kwa mapapo ndi chifuwa (chimapezeka pa masiku 3-4 a matenda).

Kawirikawiri, kachilombo kamakhudza ubongo, nthenda, chiwindi, ndi myocardium. Ngati mwakuya zomera zimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, chimbudzi chachikulu chimakhalapo.

Trichomoniasis

Matenda a Trichomoniasis ndi nthenda yambiri ya nkhunda zakutchire ndi zapanyumba. Zimayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa "trichomonas". Chizindikiro cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphamvu yokhala ndi madzi akumwa, koma kuyanika chinyezi kumabweretsa imfa yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pali mitundu yambiri trichomoniasis, koma kawirikawiri matendawa amavumbulutsidwa ndi zilonda za pharynx, pakamwa ndi phokoso la mbalame. Nkhunda zowonongeka zimakhala zokhazikika, nthawi zonse zimakhala mu chisa ndi mapiko pansi ndipo pakamwa pamatseguka.

Chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa khomo la larynx, zimakhala zovuta kupuma, ndipo maonekedwe a chikasu wandiweyani pamphuno ya pamlomo (chomwe chimatchedwa "pulagi") zimakhala zovuta. Nthaŵi zina, kukula kwa chikasu kumatha kuwonetseredwa kudzera mumlomo wa mbalame.

Patatha masiku angapo, chifukwa cha kuchulukanso kwa chikasu, chikasu chimakhalapo, ndipo njiwa zimafa. Zina mwa zizindikiro zochepa za trichomoniasis, zofooka, kugwirizana kwa mafunde ndi kusakhoza kuthawa ziyenera kuzindikiridwa.

Ngati malingaliro anu akutsimikiziridwa, ndipo zimakhala kuti njiwa zikudwala kwenikweni ndi trichomoniasis, muyenera kuyamba mwamsanga mankhwala, omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala amasiku ano.

Mmodzi wa iwo ali "Zokambirana", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a malo omwe amachotsa zokolola m'kamwa, powaza minofu zomwe zili mu goiter. Kuonjezera apo, mankhwalawa akhoza kupangidwa ndi pipette, osati pamlomo wa mbalame, komanso mu goiter.

Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuyesa njira zonse zopeŵera ingress yamadzimadzi m'mapapu.

Monga njira yowonetsetsera, tikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera "Kuthamanga" (Metronidazole) ku madzi akumwa. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "Iodoglycerin" ndi Lugol.

Kawirikawiri, matenda opatsirana ndi trichomoniasis amapezeka pogonana., ngakhale kuti mauthenga osagonana ndi achilendo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Makamaka, matendawa angakhalepo ndi gulu la matenda omwe amaperekedwa kwa anthu kuchokera pa njiwa. Ngati mbalame yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka ikulumikizana ndi inu kapena katundu wanu, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi waukulu wa matenda.

Trichomonas ikhoza kukhalapo mu malo ozizira kwa maola angapo, kukhala pa mbale, makoma a mabafa kapena pa mpando wa chimbudzi.

Mwamuna wamwamuna, matendawa amapezeka makamaka popanda zizindikiro, koma amatha kutsogolera ku matenda osabereka, orethritis kapena prostatitis.

Azimayi opatsirana amakakamizidwa kulimbana ndi kutupa kosatha, komwe nthawi zina kumayambitsa kusabereka kwa tubal kapena kukula kwa khansa ya pachibelekero.

Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacteriosis Ndilo gulu la matenda opatsirana a zinyama ndi anthu, omwe amadziwika ndi madigiri osiyana ndi ma polymorphism a mawonetseredwe. Nthendayi ya causative ya matenda ndi mabakiteriya a mtundu wa Campylobacter, womwe umasokoneza thupi la njiwa.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tinazindikiridwa ndi anthu otsekula m'mimba mu 1884.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya amenewa omwe ali ofunikira zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, si onse omwe ali ndi matenda.

Mbalame (makamaka nkhunda), matendawa amatha kupweteka mafupa, matenda aakulu a kupuma, synovitis (kutupa kwa mitsempha, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kuwombera), pericarditis (kutupa kwa piricardium) ndi salpingitis (kutupa kwa ovary).

Komabe kawirikawiri campylobacteriosis sichisonyeza yokhandipo nkhunda zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Kwa anthu, campylobacteriosis imadziwonetsera ngati kutsegula m'mimba, komwe kawirikawiri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi malungo, kamwazi, khungu la pinkish ndi mucous membranes.

Pochiza matendawa, amadzimadzi odzola, maantibiobio, mapangidwe a mapuloteni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo pazirombo zoopsa - mankhwala opha tizilombo.

Kawirikawiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba kumakhala kokwanira, koma powopsa kwambiri, matendawa ndi tetracycline ndi chloramphenicol angakhale oyenera.

Ngati matendawa amapezeka mu nkhunda kapena nkhuku zina, ndiye kuti chakudya chawo chimayamba onjezerani furazolidone kapena apatseni madzi sungunuka nifurprazin pamodzi ndi kumwa.

Kachilombo ka thanzi, poyang'ana, mbalame, pamodzi ndi nyansi zakutchire, zimatulutsa kachipylobacter. Kwa munthu, matendawa amafalitsidwa mwa kuponya zatsalira m'kamwa, mwinamwake mwa kumwa madzi owonongeka kapena chakudya.

Nthawi yosakaniza ndi maola 12-72. Kamodzi m'thupi la munthu, mabakiteriya amachititsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana m'matumbo a m'mimba.

Choncho, odwala amawonetsetsa ululu wamimba, mseru, ndi kusanza ndi kutsegula pakapita nthawi. Chotsitsa cha madzi chimadziwika ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri komanso zopanda magazi.

Kuwonjezera apo, pali kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi ndi kuwonjezereka chikhalidwe chonse cha thupi. Zizindikirozi zimatha masiku osachepera atatu. Komanso, pangakhale kupweteka m'misungo ndi m'magulu.

Kwa anthu ena, matendawa amakhala aakulu, ndipo zizindikiro zomwe zimakhalapo sizinatchulidwe. Nthawi zina zimapweteka pamimba ndi phokoso, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zotayirira. Pakapita nthawi, munthu amayamba kuchepa thupi, amakhala wofooka ndikuwonjezera kutopa.

Nthawi zina ziwalo zimatha kupweteka ndipo zimawotcha. Azimayi nthawi zambiri amadera nkhawa zokhudzana ndi ziwalo zoberekera komanso kutuluka kwa uncharacteristic. Ngati mutayambitsa matendawa, matendawa amachititsa kuti munthu asapitirire chiwindi ndi zikondamoyo.

Mukudziwa? Nkhunda monga nkhuku zinayamba kubala ngakhale zaka 5,000 zapitazo. Poganizira kuti mbalamezi zimatha kuuluka pamtunda wa makilomita 100 / h, m'masiku akale zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati amthunzi.

Listeriosis

Listeriosis - matenda opatsirana a zoonotic ndi apolymorphic clinic. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya Listeria monocytogenes, yomwe imakhala ndi foni yothandizira, yowonjezera-anaerobic. Sichimapanga spores ndipo imatha kuwononga maselo, kupanga kapsule ndikuwongolera matenda opatsirana.

Pakuti mtundu uwu wa matenda umakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, popanda zizindikiro zamagulu kawirikawiri sungapezeke. Zizindikiro zooneka zimangodziwonetsera okha mwa nkhunda zofooka, zomwe matendawa amakhala ndi mavuto: pali chisokonezo m'katikati mwa mitsempha, ndipo mbalameyo imafa mwamsanga.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kudziwitsa munthu bwinobwino, m'pofunika kuyesa magazi, ntchentche kuchokera kumphuno ndi pharynx, cerebrospinal fluid, nyansi zobadwa kumene za mwana wakhanda kapena amniotic fluid mu amayi apakati.

Kuchiza nkhunda za listeriosis sizothandiza; choncho, nthawi zambiri mbalame zodwala zimawonongedwa kapena zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipatala cha zinyama. Ponena za kupewa, zimachepetsa kuyanjana kwa mbalame zakutchire ndi nkhuku (ma dovecotes ena pa chivundikiro amakoka ukonde).

Ndifunikanso kutsata zofunikira zanyama zamakono ndi zaukhondo, makamaka m'madera omwe anthu amakhalapo komanso kumalo osungirako ziweto (ngati nkhunda zimakhala zofunikira, nthawi ndi nthawi zimatulutsa maimuna a nkhunda).

Munthu yemwe ali ndi listeriosis amalembedwa tetracycline, penicillin kapena ampicillin gulu la maantibayotiki, ndipo ndiye dokotala yekha yemwe angakhoze kudziwa mlingo woyenera ndi nthawi ya chithandizo. Kuonjezera apo, wodwalayo amachokera kwa ena ndi kupuma kwa bedi.

Ngati listeriosis yayambitsa vutoli monga meningitis, ndiye kuti benzylpenicillin sodium salt ingathandize ndi U / kg zikwi 75-100, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito intravenously maola anai onse.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga mogwirizana ndi mfundo zomwe zimagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a maso, mpweya wa 20% wa sodium sulfacyl ndi 1% hydrocortisone emulsion zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba.

Pofuna kukonza matendawa, amafufuza kuopsa kwa nyama ndi anthu, amadziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka komanso zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kufalitsa matenda, patsiku la tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuchipatala.

Listeriosis, monga matenda ena ambiri a njiwa, imafalitsidwa kwa anthu ndi ntchentche ndi ntchentche za mbalame, ndiko kupyolera mu njira zolaula, zam'mlengalenga kapena zoyendayenda.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mabakiteriya kwa nthawi yayitali angathe kusunga tizilombo toyambitsa zitsamba mumaseke, komanso mu particles kapena nyani. Komabe, si nthawi zonse pamene Listeria alowa m'thupi la munthu lomwe limayambitsa matendawa.

Mu anthu odwala, listeriosis imachitika molingana ndi mtundu wotsutsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutentha thupi kumatuluka. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadziwonetsera mwa njira zosiyanasiyana: Nthawi zina, mphutsi imangowonekera, mwa zina, minofu ikuwonjezeka ndipo chimphepo chimakula.

Nthawi zina zovuta kwambiri, Listeria amatha kuwononga dongosolo la mitsempha, poyambitsa matenda a meningitis ndi encephalitis. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amapezeka mu mawonekedwe ochotsedwa, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala ndi malungo ndi chifuwa. Ngati amayi apakati ali ndi kachilombo ka Listeria, kachilombo ka HIV kakaperekedwe kwa mwanayo.

Tularemia

Tularemia - Imeneyi ndiyo matenda owopsa omwe angaperekedwe kwa anthu ndi nkhunda. Wothandizira matendawa ndi bakiteriya ang'onoang'ono a Francisella, omwe ali ponseponse ndipo ali ndi chikhalidwe cholimba cha chilengedwe.

Nkhuku, ndi njiwa makamaka, nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku mabakiteriya a tularemia. Mu njira yovuta ya matendawa, akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofooka ndikukana kudya.

Palibe njira yapadera yothandizira tularemia mu nkhuku, koma njiwa zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amadziwika ndi antibacterial (nitrofurans, antibiotics ndi sulfonamides).

Ponena za kupewa, zonse zomwe zingatheke kuteteza kufala kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndikutenga anthu odwala m'nthawi yake ndikupiritsa mankhwala a nkhunda. Kwa anthu, matendawa amachiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki, ndipo omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda akulimbikitsidwa katemera zaka zisanu zilizonse.

Mwachidziwikire aliyense angathe kutenga kachilombo ka mabakiteriya kudzera mwachindunji ndi nkhunda zakudwala kapena mwakumwa madzi ndi chakudya chodetsedwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti thupi lathu limatengapo tularemia, ngakhale kuti mabakiteriya safalitsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu aliyense.

Kukhalapo kwa matendawa kumaphatikizapo kutentha ndi kuzizira. Komanso, odwala nthawi zambiri amadandaula chifukwa cha zofooka, thupi, kupwetekedwa mtima komanso kusowa kwa njala.

Pazigawo zoyamba za chitukukochi, nkhope imakhala yofiira ndi kutupa, kuthamanga kumapezeka pakhungu ndi mucous membranes pakamwa, ndi kupweteka m'mimba nthawi zonse kumabweretsa ululu. Mwa anthu, tularemia ikhoza kupezeka mu mawonekedwe a pulmonary, ndi chifuwa chouma, kupweteka ndi kupweteka pachifuwa. Pali maulendo ambiri a chibayo.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera mu 1996, lamulo lakhala likugwira ntchito ku Munich lomwe limaletsa anthu kuti asamadyetse nkhunda. Kwa chigwirizano chomwecho ku Hong Kong, mudzakumana ndi zabwino kapena kuchotsedwa m'nyumba.

Pseudotuberculosis

Pseudotuberculosis (kapena, monga amatchedwanso, "chifuwa chachikulu") - Izi ndi matenda aakulu a zinyama ndi mbalame, zomwe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa matenda, zimakhala zofanana ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha munthu ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nodular m'matenda ndi ziwalo. Zizilombo toyambitsa matenda zingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha phalaudotuberculosis, yomwe imapezeka mbalame zam'tchire komanso zakutchire. Kawirikawiri matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha matenda ena a mbalame: mwachitsanzo, matenda opweteka m'mimba.

Chizindikiro cha pseudotuberculosis ndi: mbalame zovutika maganizo, ziphuphu zowonongeka, kupuma kovuta, mutu wosazolowereka, kusokoneza ntchito za ziwalo za mkati. Chidziwitso chomaliza chingathe kukhalapo pokhapokha pali zotsatira za maphunziro a mabakiteriya omwe amatsimikizira kuti alipo.

Zovuta kwambiri, koma chithandizo chapadera chilichonse cha pseudotuberculosis ndi nkhunda sichipezeka. Nthaŵi zambiri, ma antibayotiki ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mbalame zodwala zimamwalira kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa thupi mwamsanga.

Chithandizo cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chimapangidwa mukakhala ndi zilonda zamkati zamkati ndipo zimachepetsedwa. Ngati pali zopanda pake, ndibwino kuti mutsegule ndi kuchotsa pus. Pa milandu yanyalanyazidwa kwambiri, ndi kovuta kuchiza matenda, ndipo nthawi zina sizingatheke.

Чтобы предупредить появление и распространение болезни, необходимо проводить тщательную и регулярную дезинфекцию голубятни, а также своевременно истреблять грызунов. Кроме того, при малейших подозрениях на псевдотуберкулез, не реже, чем два раза в месяц необходимо проводить клинический осмотр птицы.

Ngati pali kukayikira za thanzi la munthu aliyense, iwo ayenera kukhala osungulumwa komanso oyenerera mabakiteriya maphunziro ayenera kuchitidwa.

Pseudotuberculosis ya njiwa imafalikira kwa anthu - izi ndi zoona. Matendawa amapezeka makamaka mwa madzi ndi nyama yosakanizidwa, mkaka ndi masamba, ngakhale zomwe zasungidwa m'firiji.

Kutenga kuchokera kwa munthu wina sikungatheke, kotero odwala sasowa kudzipatula. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa ndi kothamanga kwambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zoyamba zimaonekera kale tsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu mutatha kudya chakudya chodetsedwa.

Odwala nthawi zambiri amadandaula za pakhosi, zilonda, kufooka ndi malungo mpaka 38-40 °. Kaŵirikaŵiri pamakhala kuthamanga, komwe kumafanana kwambiri ndi chiwopsezo chotchedwa scarlet ndipo makamaka kumapezeka.

Ndikofunikira! Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi immunodeficiency, ndondomekoyi imapangidwa, ndipo imfa imatha.

Mwachidule, pseudotuberculosis alibe zizindikiro zake zokha ndipo m'malo mwake zikufanana ndi matenda ena opatsirana: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutentha kwa magazi kapena ARVI.

Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis ndi matenda ena opatsirana omwe amachititsa ntchito yofunika ya yisiti bowa Cryptococcus neoformans. Malo omwe amawakonda ndi nthaka yomwe inalumikizidwa ndi zitosi za mbalame. Ndi kosavuta kutenga kachilombo ka njiwa.

Zizindikiro za cryptococcosis mu njiwa zimawonetseredwa ngati mawonekedwe a kuchepa kwa njala (mkati mwa masabata 1 mpaka 2) komanso kuvutika kudya chakudya. Pazirombo zoopsa pa anthu odwala, nthenga pamutu ndi pansi pa mlomo zimamatirana pamodzi ndi ziphuphu zofiirira, chifukwa nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuti mbalameyo itsegule mlomo.

Komanso, amatisindikiza kukula kwa hazelnut m'dera la nsagwada. Mphungu yamkati ya m'kamwa ndi yotupa ndipo imakhala ndi misala. Pakatikati mwa misalayi ndi yofanana ndipo imakhala ndi ma tishu wakufa.

Ndikofunikira! Kumeza kovuta patangopita masabata angapo kungachititse kuti munthu asakane chakudya chonse, chifukwa nkhundayo imafooka kwambiri.

Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndi kupsinjika ndi kuchepa kwa phokoso la palpebral, ndipo pang'onopang'ono pamatendawa, njira yotupa imadutsa pamimba.

Mankhwala ochiritsira opangidwa mwakachetechete a cryptococcosis mu nkhunda palibe. Mofanana ndi hertoplasmosis, mbalame zimachizidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ndiponso, palibe konkire yomwe inganenedwe za njira zothandizira. Zonse zomwe mungathe kuchita ndikutaya nkhunda zakufa ndikusakaniza dovecote.

Bowa amafalitsidwa kwa anthu kupyolera m'mapapo opuma, ndipo m'matenda 30 peresenti matendawa amatha popanda zizindikiro. Komabe, 70% otsala amakhala ndi malungo, chifuwa komanso hemoptysis.

Cryptococcosis imayamba ndi zizindikiro za pulmonary, koma ngati simukuyambitsa chithandizo pa nthawi yake, zingayambitse ubongo (meningitis, meningoencephalitis).

Mwachizoloŵezi cha matendawa, munthu amakhala ndi chifuwa ndi matenda amagazi, kupweteka pachifuwa, malungo a m'maganizo komanso ngakhale malingaliro.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis - Chizindikiro cha matenda a mitundu yonse ya nyama, mbalame komanso anthu. Zimachokera ku zotsatira za thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe ali ndi thupi lopangidwa movuta.

Motsogoleredwa ndi dzuwa, Toxoplasma imamwalira mwamsanga. Komanso, zimakhudzidwa ndi mavitamini omwe amathandiza kuti athe kupirira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mkati mwa mphindi 5-10 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba Toxoplasma inapezeka mu 1908. Zinachitika kumpoto kwa Africa pamene asayansi anafufuza Gondi rodent wodwalayo. Ndicho chifukwa chake chilengedwechi chinalengedwa ndipo adalandira dzina lakuti "Toxoplasma Gondi."

Kuphulika kwa toxoplasmosis mu njiwa kumachitika m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo zatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro oposa limodzi. Momwe mbalame imadwalitsira pansi pa chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe sizinachitikebe, koma n'zoonekeratu kuti njira yaikulu yopatsira matendawa ndi njiwa ndiyo kudya ndi madzi owonongeka.

Toxoplasmosis ndi nkhunda zimaphatikizapo ziwalo zazing'ono, zopanda pake ndi kukana chakudya. Odwala matendawa amakhalanso osatulutsidwa. Pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya odwala amamwalira, ndipo kwa ena onse, matendawa amakhala aakulu. Mbalame zoterozo nthawi zonse zimatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'deralo pamodzi ndi zitosi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudza anthu.

Matenda apadera a njiwa za toxoplasmosis sizinapangidwe, ndipo chitetezo chimachokera ku disinfection yam'nthawi yake komanso kuwonongeka kwa makoswe, omwe nthawi zambiri amanyamula matendawa.

Pamene jekeseni m'thupi la munthu, Toxoplasma imatengedwa kudzera m'magazi ndi mitsempha yotupa thupi lonse, kuima mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda.

Pambuyo pofikira maselo, wothandizira mankhwalawa amapeza malo abwino kuti aberekenso, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri, njira yotupa yotuluka m'madzi imapezeka (chifukwa cha imfa ya selo, minofu ya m'kati ndi necrosis).

Ngati chitetezo cha thupi la munthu chili pamwamba kwambiri, kubwezeretsa kwa mavitamini omwe amatha kuimirira kumaima, ndipo kupitirira kwa maselo sikuchitika (matendawa amaletsa pansi).

Ichi ndi chifukwa chake anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo matendawa amapezeka m'mawonekedwe osakanikirana kapena osaphatikizapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavomerezeka.

Matenda omwe amapezeka (komanso munthu akhoza kubadwa kale ndi kachilombo ka HIV) ndizochepa (mwa 0.2-0.3% odwala). Mawonetseredwe ake am'chipatala ndi osiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudzipatula pazochitika zonse za toxoplasmosis mwa anthu.

Ziwonetsero za matendawa zimadalira chitetezo cha wodwalayo, chiwalo chokhudzidwa ndi zifukwa zina. Nthaŵi zina, kuwonjezeka pang'ono ku kutentha kwa thupi, kumutu, chizungulire ndi kufooka.

Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis - matenda opatsirana a njiwa, omwe amapezeka posachedwa. The causative agent ndi bacillus yochokera ku gulu la Salmonella, lomwe limadziwika ndi msinkhu wotsutsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo amafa mwamsanga kuchokera kwa iwo.

Salmonella ikhoza kukhalabe bwinobwino m'madzi, pa zinyalala kapena mu zinyalala, ndipo nthawi zina, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka ngakhale pa chipolopolo cha mazira (makamaka nkhuku).

Matendawa akufalikira m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi, osati m'mabanja okhaokha komanso pakati pa nkhunda zakutchire (pafupifupi 30-40%). Komanso, izi ndi zomwe zimachititsa kuti mbalame ziwonongeke.

Salmonellosis imawonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimadalira mtundu wa njiwa, mkhalidwe wa mbalame ndi chiwindi cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matendawa akhoza kuchitika m'mawonekedwe oyipa komanso owopsa.

Poyamba, njiwa zikuoneka kuti zathanzi kapena ziri ndi zizindikiro zochepa za matenda, pomwe zikhale zowopsa kwambiri. Kwa akuluakulu, mazira osagwirizana, mazira ndi kufala kwa dzira kumatchulidwa. Nkhunda yaing'ono imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Salmonellosis (yoonekera kwambiri mu mbalame zofooka), anapiye amakana kudya ndikufa ali ndi zaka 8-14. Nkhunda zazing'ono sizimasamala, zimatha kuthawa, zimamwa kwambiri ndikudya pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zonse amadula nthenga ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhumudwitsa m'mimba. Zonsezi zimatha ndi imfa ya mbalame ali ndi zaka 50-70.

Komanso kusiyanitsa m'mimba, m'mimba komanso pamanjenje. M'mimba ya m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba kumatchulidwa, kumakhala ndi msuzi ndi magazi mu mpando, chifukwa chake nthenga za mchirazo zimayipitsidwa kwambiri.

Mpangidwe wamatsengawo umadziwika ndi kuwomba ndi kunjenjemera kwa malekezero. Pazigawo zoyamba za chitukuko cha matendawa, minofu ya mapikowa ndi yowopsya, koma posakhalitsa mliri umatha, ndipo pansi pa khungu, kumalo ammadzi, timatenda ting'onoting'ono timayambira. Chifukwa chake, nkhunda siingakhoze kusuntha ndi kuwuluka.

Maonekedwe amanjenje a salmonellosis amavumbulutsidwa mu mkhalidwe wovuta, umene, ngakhale wosazolowereka, umakhala woopsa kwambiri. Pazigawo zoyamba za chitukuko cha matendawa, zizindikiro za mitsempha zimawoneka, koma patapita nthawi njiwa imagwera kumbuyo kwake ndikufa.

Mutatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otani, mukhoza kupita kuchipatala ndi nkhunda. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala amasiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo woyenera ndi wopanga.

Achinyamata (anapiye) nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa chloramphenicol, enroflon, ampicillin, baytril, ndi mankhwala ena ofanana. Komabe, mankhwala osokoneza bongo okha sali okwanira, ndipo muyenera kuchita zambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupewa kutaya kwa matendawa.

Kupewa salmonelis kumaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa zakudya ndi ziweto za nkhuku, kuchita zofufuzira zamakono ndi zowonongeka ndi chithandizo choyenera cha njiwa.

Matenda a Salmonella, omwe angathe kupititsidwa kwa anthu pogwiritsa ntchito zitowe za njiwa, zimakhudza kapangidwe ka zakudya.

Kuyamba kwa matendawa kumakhala ndi maonekedwe ovuta kwambiri: kutentha kwa thupi kumatuluka, kumutu, kupwetekedwa, kunyowa ndi kusanza kumaonekera. Salmonellosis ndi owopsa kwa anthu chifukwa akhoza kukhudza mtima, mitsempha ya magazi ndi ziwalo.

Mukudziwa? Mu chipembedzo chachikristu, nkhunda imatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha Mzimu Woyera, mu Islam umatengedwa ngati kudzoza kwaumulungu, ndipo mu ufulu wachisangalalo ndi chizindikiro cha kusalakwa.

Matenda a chideru

Kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhulupirira kuti matenda a chideru amatha kuimira oimira nkhuku. Mpaka chaka cha 1970, panalibe chidziwitso chaching'ono cha matenda omwe nkhunda zimatha, makamaka popeza kutaya kachilombo ka HIV ndi mtundu wake sikunayambe. Kawirikawiri, matendawa anali ochepa kwambiri ndipo ankakhudzidwa ndi mbalame zokha.

Komabe, pambuyo pa epizootic, yomwe inawonekera mu 1970-1972 ndipo inachititsa kuti atayika kwambiri, njiwa zinayamba kulipira kwambiri matenda. Vuto lokhalitsidwa ndi iwo ndi gulu la avian paramyxoviruses serogroup-1.

Pambuyo pa masiku 4-5 pambuyo pa matenda, njiwa zimayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa. Kwa kachilombo ka nthawi ino, ndizokwanira kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito mwakhama m'thupi la mbalame ndikuyima ndi ntchentche ndi ntchentche.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Newcastle ndi nkhunda, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a cyclogenic ya HIV, zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zawo. Pazigawo zoyamba za chitukukochi, njiwa imakhala yaulesi, yosasamala, osayanjanitsika, ndikukhala nthawi zonse mu hogwheel, atatsekedwa maso.

Mbalameyi imatha kuwononga zachilengedwe, ndipo patapita nthawi imayamba kufooka kwa miyendo, mchira ndi khosi.

Nkhokwe zina zimathamangira m'mabwalo awo chifukwa cha kuwala kwa nyumba ya nkhunda. Mipikisano ndi yamphamvu kwambiri moti nkhunda imagwa pambali pake ndipo imatembenuza mutu wake mwamphamvu. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika pandege, monga momwe mbalame imagwera kuchokera kutalika ndikuyamba kuyenda motsatira.

Ndikofunikira! Mosiyana ndi nkhuku, nkhunda izi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe opatsirana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadziwika ndi matenda a pakatikati. Kufa kwa njiwa kuchokera ku matenda a chideru kumakhala pakati pa 10% mpaka 70% ndipo kumachitika masiku 2-9 pambuyo poti zizindikiro zoyamba ziwonekera.

Pa machitidwe oyambirira a matendawa, nkofunikira kupereka mbalame yodwala ku chipatala cha zinyama, kumene madokotala angapangitse kuti adziwe bwinobwino.

Kutumiza nkhunda yoteroyo kuyenera kuchitidwa malinga ndi malamulo onse kuti asatulukire kachilombo ka HIV (ikani njiwa mu bokosi losiyana, mutatha kuika mpweya wambiri mkati mwake).

Pambuyo pozindikira kuti matendawa amatha, oweta nkhumba amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana pofuna kuthandiza kuti njiwa zikhale bwino (mwachitsanzo, mavitamini ndi zotetezera), komabe, poopseza matenda, mankhwalawa ndi olakwika.

Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso katemera omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Zinyama zazing'ono zimatemera katemera, ndi katemera ndi katemera "B" kapena "La Sota" mwa njira ya intranasal.

Nkofunikira kukhalabe oyera mu njiwa, ndipo kudya nkhunda kuyenera kusankhidwa kulingalira za mtundu, zaka ndi nyengo yoswana. Anthu atsopano amafunika kukhala opatulidwa ku mapangidwe apamwamba kwa masiku 30, ndipo mbalame zimangotumizidwa kokha kuchokera ku mayiko kumene matenda a Newcastle ndi achilendo.

Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuyanjana kwa nkhunda zapakhomo ndi mbalame zakutchire, zomwe zingakhale zowononga matenda. Pofuna kuteteza mbalame za mbalame kuti zithawuluke kupita ku nkhunda, ndikofunika kutsegula mawindo ndi mpweya ndi galasi ndi maselo a 1.5x1.5 masentimita.

Monga momwe mukuonera, njira zothandizira zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito katemera. Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa zaka zambiri kuti awonjezere chitetezo cha nkhunda, osakhala ndi vuto lililonse kwa iwo.

Matenda a chideru - imodzi mwa matenda ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimasokonezeka mosavuta ndi chimfine, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu adzidwe bwinobwino ndi mankhwala oyenera. Komabe, muyenera ndithu kumvetsera conjunctivitis ndi kutentha pang'ono kutentha.

Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yoyamba matendawa, kupuma, kudyetsa komanso kusokonezeka maganizo kumakhala kovuta. Komabe, kwa anthu, matendawa si owopsa ngati nkhunda.

Momwe mungadzipulumutsire nokha

Zili zovuta kuti zitha kuchiza ndi matenda alionse ochokera ku mbalame za mumsewu, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti izi sizingakuchitikire. Ngakhale kuti milandu yotereyi ndi yosavuta, koma kusagwirizana ndi malamulo a ukhondo kungabweretse ku zotsatira zopanda pake.

Mitundu yambiri ya nkhuku imafalitsidwa kwa anthu pamodzi ndi kumwa mazira yaiwisi kapena pamene mafinya amalowa m'matumbo.

Choncho, ngati mutadyetsa njiwa mwa kuponya chakudya pa asphalt kapena pogwiritsa ntchito odyetserako mankhwalawa, chiopsezo chotenga matenda osasangalatsa chimafupikitsidwa kukhala zero. Inde, ngati mukufuna kupatsa mbalame chakudya kuchokera m'manja awo, chinthu chachikulu ndichokusamba nthawi yomweyo.

Kuti muteteze ku matenda, nanunso musakhudze odwala- izi ziyenera kuchitika kokha ndi akatswiri. Kugona, kugwedeza kwa maso, kutsokomola ndi kukana kudya ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi nkhunda.

Ngati njiwa yodwala yayenda pa khonde lanu, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kumupititsa kuchipatala mosamala. Komabe, ngati simukufuna kuikapo pangozi, ingochotsani, ndikutsukitsanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.