Duwa la guzmania lidachokera kumapiri amvula, limasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amtali omwe amapanga rosette, chifukwa chomwe palibe tsinde. Mabulogu akuwala ochokera mkatikati amakopa chidwi. Amakondweretsa diso mpaka miyezi isanu, yomwe imapatsa duwa kukongola kwapadera. Guzmania ndi njira yodziwika bwino yamaofesi owonongera malo, nyumba chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso kudziletsa.
Guzmania (gusmania): chisamaliro chakunyumba
Maluwa amkati otentha chifukwa cha thermophilic amafunikira kukonza pa kutentha kwa 17-20 ° C. Guzmania simalola kulembera, kuwala kwa dzuwa, kusankha zokongola zakuyimira. Kuti mukhale mokwanira bwino, ndikofunikira kuti muperekenso madzi okwanira komanso chinyezi. Mutha kugula mphika wokonzedwa kale kapena kubzala mphukira kuchokera kwa chomera cha mayi.
Maonekedwe a guzmania
Kusamalira maluwa
Chomera chimadziwika ndi maluwa kwa masabata 15-17, motero gawo ili ndilofunika kwambiri. Mwachilengedwe, duwa limakhala pakhungwa la mitengo ina, limalandira chakudya kuchokera kwa iwo. Zimatchula za epiphytes, ndiye kuti, zimalandira chinyezi kuchokera kumlengalenga. Nthawi ya maluwa imayamba mmera zitatha zaka 3-4 kuyambira chiyambi cha kukula.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
Guzmania, chisamaliro chakunyumba nthawi yogwira ntchito, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi zofunikira kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi, idzakondwera kumapeto kwake ndi maluwa ake. Mbale woyamba utatseguka, gawo loyamba siliyenera kutsikira kuposa 25 ° C. Mwachindunji panthawi yogwira, kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 20 ° C.
Chinyezi chimaperekedwa ndi kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi osenda kapena osenda. Madera otetezedwa ayenera kupewedwa kuti kufupikitsa nthawi yamaluwa. Mphika wamadzi umayikidwa pafupi ndi mphika kuti udzutse mizu ya mlengalenga.
Zofunika! Kutentha kwambiri m'chipindacho, kumakhala chinyezi chambiri.
Momwe mungathirire maluwa amkati a guzmania
Madzi sayenera kuzizira, choncho ayenera kutetezedwa pasadakhale. Panyengo yachisanu, dothi liyeneranso kukhala lonyowa, koma madzi sayenera kumira pachimake. M'chilimwe, kudyetsa ndi kuthirira gusmania ndikofunikira kwambiri pakatikati pa malo ogulitsira. Monga lamulo, kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira.
Zomera zam'nyumba, monga guzmania, zimakonda kupezeka kwa mandimu ndi chlorine m'madzi, choncho ziyenera kutsukidwa. Momwe madzi amaloĊµetsedwera gawo lapansi, amawonjezeredwa. 2 kawiri pamwezi, madzi ochokera kuchotsamo amatulutsidwa kwathunthu ndikusinthidwa ndi watsopano.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Ndikokwanira kudyetsa gusmania kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Pazakudya, muyenera kusankha zosankha zopangira banja la Bromeliad, zokhala ndi nitrogen yochepa, yopanda phosphate ndi nitrate. Mukamayendetsa feteleza, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa nthawi 2 poyerekeza ndi malangizo.
Kodi guzmania imakonda kutulutsa kangati?
Zomera zimamera kamodzi m'moyo, kenako zimafa. Kubzala guzmania kumachitika ndikusintha kwa mwana wamkazi. Amalekanitsidwa ndikuwayika, patatha nthawi yosankhidwa mosamala, amaphuka. Nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka 3-4 kuyambira pakuyamba kukula.
Guzmania limamasula patatha zaka 3-4 kuchokera pa kubzala
Kusamalira matalala
Momwe mungasamalire kukongoletsa guzmania zimatengera nthawi ya chaka. Palibe nthawi yofotokozedwa bwino; wolandirayo amadzipangitsa kukhala wodzipereka monga kuchepa kwa maola masana. Nthawi yake, mbewuyo siyenera kusamalidwa mwachangu komanso kuthirira kwambiri.
Njira yothirira
Munthawi yakakamizidwa, yomwe imayamba kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Kukadzi, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa mpaka 1 m'masabata awiri. Madzi amafunikirabe kutetezedwa, koma mphika samachotsedwa pamalo owala. Ngati ndi kotheka, chikhalidwecho chimapereka kuyatsa kwadzidzidzi kwa maola 7-8. Kumwaza ndi kudyetsa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yotentha
Mu nthawi yozizira, kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 18-20 ° C. Nthawi yochepa ya gusmania imatha kupirira mpaka 13 ° C, koma mikhalidwe yotereyi imakhala kuti ikana kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa mphukira zam'mera.
Guzmania kupatsira kunyumba
Monga lamulo, chomera chagulidwa kale maluwa, ndiye kuti simukufunika kumuwonjezera nthawi yomweyo. Kenako, kumapeto kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikuziika ndikusamutsira ku chotengera chosazama kwakukulu (mainchesi oyenera pafupifupi 15 cm). Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zingapo:
- peat;
- humus;
- mchenga wowuma;
- turf;
- loam.
Pofuna kuti lisasokonezeke ndi kusankha kwa nthaka, ndibwino kugula zakapangidwe za bromeliad mitundu ina, ndiyo nthaka ya maluwa a maluwa. Pansi pa thankiyo, ikani zosanjikiza pansi pa madzi (2 cm). Monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito shards kuchokera mumphika wa dongo, miyala yamiyendo. Chifukwa cha izi, mizu imakhala ndi mpweya wabwino, osavunda, musasunge chinyezi chambiri.
Ngati mbewuyo ilowa mchipinda chamaluwa chisanayambe maluwa, chitha kuikidwa nthawi isanakwane nthawi yamasamba pakuwonekera, ndipo ngati poto yoyendera ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Sinthani dothi pomwe duwa limamera, mumafunikira zaka 2-3 zilizonse, kapena ngati dothi laphimbika.
Bzalani mbewu ndikugawa chitsamba
Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa mbewu yomwe ilipo chidebe chachikulu, ndikuchichotsa mu maluwa akale, nthaka imagwedezeka kuchokera kumizu ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi m'mphika watsopano.
Kuswana kwa Guzmania
Kubzala duwa kumatanthauza njira zingapo zopezera mwana:
- ndikugawana chitsamba chachikulire;
- kuchokera kwa mbewu;
- pamene ana amakhala pansi.
M'matumba a masamba, mphukira zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Akafika kutalika masentimita angapo, muyenera kukankha minofu yoyandikana nayo, kuvumbula "mwana". Kuzindikira mphukira kumachitika ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Malo omwe kulekaniranako kumathandizidwa ndi var vars. Mphukira imatha kutsitsidwa ndikuyika kapu yamadzi ofunda momwe adayambitsa kaboni kusungunuka. Pambuyo masiku 5-7, kumatenga mizu. Pakakhala zingapo, mutha kuzika mphukira pansi.
Mwana wamkazi akamakula, amakula ndi mizu yakeyake. Kutalika kwa njira iliyonse kukufikira 2 cm, iwo amatha kudzipatula.
Ma mfundo amafunika kuiwika kukhala gawo lokhala ndi mchenga, makungwa a pine ndi dothi lamasamba. Amafuna kutentha kwambiri (26-28 ° C) ndi kapu yomwe imasowetsa malo.
Kubzala mbewu ndi njira yotchuka pofalikira kuposa mbewu. Njira yachiwiri ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta. Amatanthawuza kuzika mizu m'nthaka, kuphatikiza peat ndi mchenga. Madzulo a kubzala, mbewu zimanyowa munjira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kenako amauma, amaikidwa pansi, osakanikiza. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zimatha kulandira kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zonse.
Kumera kumafuna kutentha kwa 22-24 ° C, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mpweya wabwino. Nyongayo isanawonekere, masiku osachepera 20 ayenera kudutsa. Mphukira imafuna kudumphira pakatha miyezi iwiri, iyenera kubzalidwa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Zofunika! Chitsamba chotere chimayamba kupanga maluwa patatha zaka 5.
Matenda a Guzmania
Mukamatsatira malangizo onse osamalira guzmania, ndiye kuti imakula nthawi, pachimake komanso kusangalala ndi mphukira zatsopano. Koma nthawi zina, mmera umayamba kufooka, pazifukwa zingapo:
- kuthirira kwambiri;
- kufalikira;
- kutentha kwa dzuwa;
- kusankha kolakwika kwa madzi othirira;
- kusowa kwa michere.
Choyamba chimatsimikiziridwa ndikuti pakatikati pake pepalalo lidakulungika, mawanga amdima akuwoneka, madzi amakhalabe poto, gawo lapansi limanyowa.
Matenda a Guzmania, mawonekedwe akunja
Ngati bowa wadutsa pamalowo, masambawo amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wokutira. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikira kwa ma microorganism ndizotentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi mchipindacho.
Ngati pali mawanga bulauni pamtunda, izi zikutanthauza kuti duwa limayima m'malo dzuwa ndikuwotchedwa. Malangizo a masamba amauma ngati chomera chimathiriridwa ndi madzi olimba kapena ozizira, osachirikiza.
Ngati guzmania ilandila zinthu zofunikira, ndiye kuti imasiya kumasula mwana wamkazi. Ngati masamba ndi ofewa, ndiye kuti alibe kutentha kokwanira. Ena mwa mavutowa amathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadera yamankhwala, ena monga kuchotsa pazovuta. Vuto lina lomwe alimi amakumana nalo ndi tizirombo. Pali mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo timene timayambitsa ma epiphytes.
Tcherani khutu! Atatha maluwa, mphukira yamayi imamwalira. Iyi ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe siyodalira luso la chisamaliro.
Zowonongeka za tizilombo zitha kukayikiridwa pazifukwa zingapo:
- tsamba limakutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, kenako nkutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa;
- ngati duwa lili ndi zouma zofiirira;
- mitundu yoyera ya fluff pansi.
Izi ndizofala zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pazomera. Poyamba, tikukamba za kangaude. Mutha kuthana ndi mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito sopo wochapira.
Mawonekedwe a bulauni amawonetsa kugonjetsedwa kwa lonse la bromeliad. Imakololedwa ndi dzanja, kenako duwa limathandizidwa ndi njira yothandizira tizirombo toyambitsa matenda m'nyumba.
Ngati fluff yoyera ikuwoneka pamwamba pa tsamba, ndiye izi ndi zizindikiro za kubalanso kwa mealybug ya ufa. Maluwa amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la actara, actellica, bankola.
Guzmania Sakanizani, Wamng'ono, Tempo: momwe mungasamalire kunyumba
Palibe mitundu yambiri yazomera yomwe sinathe kuzika mizu kunyumba. Zomwe mungasankhe zimatengera zomwe wokolola wakonda. Nthawi zambiri m'malo ogulitsira mumatha kupeza zinthu monga Guzmania Mix, Little, Tempo. Mitundu yoyambirira idapangidwa ndi obereketsa, motero imaphatikiza mawonekedwe a mitundu yambiri yazomera. Guzmania Remix ilibe zinthu zosamalira pakhomo. Phata la mbewuyo ndi lofiira, chikasu kapena burgundy. Zofesedwa ndi mbewu zokha, pamtengo wokwera pang'ono kuposa mitundu ina, ndi ma ruble 500-2000 *.
Maonekedwe a guzmania Mix
Mitundu ya Guzmania Yocheperako - chipatso chodutsa mtundu wamabango. Ndizodziwika bwino pakukula kwake kochepa mpaka 25 cm, ndi mtundu wake. Pamwambapa ndi ofiira owala, mkati mwake momwe muli pakatikati koyera, kotetezedwa pamwamba pake.
Guzmania Tempo ndi wofanana ndi Wamng'ono, koma amasiyana mu chipinda chachikulu, masamba ataliatali amtundu wobiriwira wokhala ndi ma splashes oyera. Kwa mitundu iyi, malingaliro othandizira chisamaliro ndi oyenera.
Guzmania Ostara ndi Amaretto
Gawo lachiwiri limasiyanitsidwa ndi mphukira kutalika kwa 30-50 cm. Masamba ndi ochepa, osati akulu. Cholandirira kumtunda, kowala. Ichi ndi chosakanizidwa chochokera ku mitundu ina iwiri.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Amaretto imangofalitsidwa ndi kumera kwa njere. Amanena za mitundu ya mabango. Kutalika kwa mbewu kumafika masentimita 45. Maluwa amatha kukhala opinki kapena ofiira. Maluwa amayamba mochedwa kuposa mitundu ina - mu February kapena March.
Pazonse, mitundu pafupifupi 130 ya guzmania imadziwika, yomwe mitundu ya m'nyumba imasankhidwa mwapadera, yomwe imaphuka mpaka miyezi isanu, kenako amayi amwalira, kusiya njira zingapo. Kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri zokwanira, sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, ngakhale ndizoyera ndi madzi. Zimakopa mawonekedwe chifukwa cha pineal cholandirira, chomwe chimakhala ndi utoto wochokera wachikasu kupita ku burgundy.
* Mitengo ndi ya Julayi, 2019.
