Chofunika kwambiri cha forsythia ndi chiwawa chomwe chikufalikira maluwa okongola a chikasu kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene mitengo yonse ikadali ikuwuka. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chomera chotchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya ndi America kwa zaka zoposa 200. Kulima shrub iyi ku China kapena Korea ndi zaka zikwi zingapo: Kuphatikiza pa makhalidwe ake okongoletsera, mankhwala a forsythia adayesedwa apa (m'magulu akale a ku Chinese, ndiwo mwa zomera makumi asanu zazikulu zamankhwala).
Mtundu wa Forsythia umagwirizanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: mitundu isanu ndi iwiri imachokera ku mayiko a kummawa kwa Asia, Balkan Peninsula ndi malo obadwira - European Forsythian.
Mukudziwa? Shrub, ikufalikira "golidi" kumayambiriro kwa masika, anabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kuchokera ku China kumapeto kwa zaka za XYIII. khama la katswiri wa ku Scottish William Forsyth, adatchulidwa mwaulemu - "Forsythia" (m'Chilatini kusindikizidwa - "forsythia").
Forsythia: kufotokoza chomera
Mitundu yonse ya mtundu wa Forzition (Forsythia) wa banja la Olive ndi ofanana ndi maonekedwe awo (morphological and biological).
Pansi, Forsythia ndi shrub yamaluwa ndi maluwa achikasu (1 mpaka 3 mamita wamtali). Masambawa ali osiyana, oboola pakati (masentimita 15). Maluwa - maluwa aang'ono ooneka ngati belu a ma peto anayi ochepa. Mtundu - mtundu wa chikasu wosiyana-siyana - kuchokera ku mandimu golide kupita ku mdima wonyezimira. Maluwa ochulukirapo (nthawi zambiri mpaka masamba a pachimake) amatha masiku 20 mpaka 40. Zipatso - zimaphatikizidwa mabokosi ndi mbewu yamaphiko. Forsythia imakhala yosavuta, yosasunthika ku dothi. Kwa zaka 200, obereketsa apanga mitundu yambiri ya Forsyth yosiyana:
- pa makhalidwe a chitsamba (mawonekedwe, korona, kukula, mtundu wa nthambi, etc.);
- kukula kwa maluwa (yaing'ono, sing'anga, yaikulu);
- pa mazira a masamba, nthambi ndi maluwa (zosiyana za maluwa maluwa, zobiriwira, zachikasu ndi zouluka m'mamasamba, zobiriwira, zachikasu, zofiira m'magulu).
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yotentha yotentha, mbalame zimatha kubzala maluwa ku forsythia, kuvulaza mbewu.
Forsythia pakati
Forsythia pakati (F. intermedia) - chitsamba chachikulu chikasu (chingathe kufika mamita atatu m'lifupi ndi 2.6 mamita m'lifupi). Akuwombera - molunjika. Masentimita khumi otalika masentimita ali ndi mapiri okwera. Amayamba kuphulika ali ndi zaka zitatu. Limamasula masiku 20 kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April. Maluwa ndi mthunzi wa chikasu, umakula mzidutswa zingapo mu inflorescences. 
Mukudziwa? Forsythia pakati anapezeka kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1878 chifukwa cha kusakanizidwa (kuchokera ku phokoso ndi wobiriwira forsythia) m'munda wa zomera wa University of Göttingen (Germany). Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1889, haibridiyi inayamba kulima ku United States.
Mitundu yake yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
- (densiflora) - ndi nthambi zofalitsa, zodzala ndi maluwa okongola achikasu ndi achikasu;
- Mbalame zazikuluzikulu (4 cm) zobiriwira maluwa mu inflorescences (5-6 maluwa aliyense);
- Chimake (pumulina) - maluwa a maluwa, maluwawo ali pafupi ndi zitsamba za mphukira;
- Beatrix Farrand ndi wamtali wamtali (akhoza kufika mamita anayi mu msinkhu), mphukira zowongoka, maluwa okongola a nsalu zofiirira amasiyanitsidwa ndi mikwingwirima ya lalanje m'munsi. Zovuta zachisanu ndizochepa;
- Lindwood ndi chitsamba chamtali (mamita atatu), maluwa (3.5 masentimita awiri) ali ndi golide wowala. Mdima wandiweyani wa chilimwe mtundu wa masamba amasintha kufiira;
- Fiesta ndi chitsamba chaching'ono (mpaka mamita 1.5) ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wa golide, masamba a emerald (iwo amakhala amphaka m'dzinja, mu chikasu ndi mandimu).
Forsythia wilted
Forsythia anaphwanya (F. kukayikira) kapena kulira. Pansi pa zikhalidwe zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka ku Korea ndi kumpoto kwa China. Adalandira dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chitsamba - zopulumuka zochepa zimayenda pansi. Masentimita khumi centimita ali ovate, moyang'anizana, katatu. Mtundu wa masambawo ndi wobiriwira, ndipo ozizira zimakhala zofiira. Maluwawo ndi owala, ochepa (mpaka 2.5 masentimita), mu inflorescences - kuchokera maluwa atatu mpaka atatu. Iwo ali ndi nyengo yozizira hardiness. 
Mukudziwa? Forsythia anawombera ku Ulaya chifukwa cha katswiri wa zachilengedwe kuchokera ku Sweden Karl Peter Thunberg. Mu 1833, ali ku Japan (adatumikira ku Dutch East India Company), adawona zomera zamtundu uwu m'minda ndikutulutsa mbande zingapo ku Holland.
Kuyikira forsythia
Forsythia atapachikidwa (Forsythia suspensa) ali ndi dzina lina - forsythia drooping. Zikuwoneka ngati shrub yomwe ili ndi nthambi za azitona zosakanikirana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa makoma. Chifukwa cha tosythia, mitundu yambiri ya haibridi yakhazikitsidwa: 
- Variegata ("Motley") - amadziwika ndi xiphoid (masamba a njano-motley autumn) masamba ndi maluwa a mdima wonyezimira ndi wachikasu;
- Artokalis (purpurea) - amasiyana ndi mphukira zakuda mu chilimwe ndi masamba ofanana mu autumn;
- Forchuna ndi yokongola kwambiri kwa forsythia shrub: poyamba, mphukira zowamba bwino zimakula, ndipo kenako - zimatulutsa mphukira. Masambawa ndi opapatiza, maluwa - okhala ndi mapiri a chikasu. Mu inflorescence limakula kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 maluwa. Sichitha pachimake chaka chilichonse;
- Siebold - mawonekedwe opanda chisanu, ndi otsika shrub. Akuwombera - woonda, kufalikira pansi. Masamba ndi osavuta. Nkhuta za maluwa ndizojambula muzitolizo zakuda ndipo zikuwerama;
- Amadzimadzi (amanyenga) - amakopeka ndi maluwa akuluakulu (oposa 4 cm) okhala ndi mapiri a golide. Masamba m'chilimwe cha mtundu wa emerald wamdima amasintha mtundu wofiira-bulauni m'dzinja.
Mukudziwa? Ku Korea, Forsythia ndi chizindikiro cha mzinda wa Seoul (komwe maluwa amaluwa a maluwawo akuchitika). Mwachizolowezi, mauta oimba a zida zoimbira zoimbira amapangidwa ndi Forsythia.
Forsythia ovoid
The forsythia ovoid (F. ovata Nakai), malo omwe anabadwira ndi Peninsula ya Korea, adafotokozedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. 
Ndikofunikira! Chidziwitso cha ovoid forsythia ndipamwamba kutentha kwa chisanu (pakatikati pamtunda kumatha popanda pogona m'nyengo yozizira) ndi kulekerera kwa chilala. Kutsika kwakukulu ndikutuluka kwa maluwa.
Forsythia ovoid - oyambirira maluwa okasu shrub. Ichi ndi chitsamba chochepa - kuyambira 1.5 mpaka 2 m wamtali. Nthambi zobala zimakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira chifukwa cha mtundu wa makungwa ndi masamba a masentimita asanu ndi awiri masentimita ndi nsonga zolunjika. Mu kugwa, chomeracho "chobvala" mu mdima wonyezimira ndi lalanje. Maluwa a maluwa amodzi a chikasu (masentimita 2) kwa masiku 15-17.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Dresdner Forfruling - amasiyana maluwa oyambirira (masabata atatu kale kuposa mitundu ina). Maluwa ndi achikhalidwe a Forsythia - kukula kwapakati (mpaka 4 cm
- Tetragold ndi chitsamba chochepa (mpaka mamita okwera) ndi maluwa a mpiru a chikasu. Maluwa ndipanso kale;
- Ulemerero wa Spring - American mitundu (yotchuka kuyambira 1930). Kutalika kwake ndi m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi ofanana - pafupifupi mamita atatu. Maluwa ochuluka kwambiri mu April - May. Maluwawo ali ndi mabala okongola a chikasu. Chilimwe chobiriwira masamba amasintha kukhala chofiira chofiirira;
- Goluzauber - limamasula ndi maluwa akuluakulu a golidi, amalekerera nyengo ya chisanu;
- Mapeto a mlungu - mphukira imakula, imamasula nthawi yomweyo chisanu chimasungunuka. Maluwa aakulu amakhala achikasu.
- Gulu la Arnold - maulendo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi nthambi zakuda (maluwa okongola otsika kwa mitundu ina).
Forsythia ndi wobiriwira
Mtedza wakuda wa Forsythia (F. Verdissima) kapena wobiriwira ndi chitsamba cha mamita atatu, makungwa amdima wobiriwira amapereka mtundu wobiriwira ku chitsamba chonse. Mphukira imakula. Masamba aakulu a lanceolate (kutalika kwa masentimita 15 ndi mamita 4 cm) amakula kwambiri. Maluwa aakulu ali ndi chikasu chobiriwira. Anatsegulidwa ku Ulaya mu 1844 ndi Robert Fortune m'mapiri a chigawo cha China cha Zhejiang. 
Ndikofunikira! Mbali ya forsythia ndi yobiriwira - imamera kwa nthawi yoyamba ikafika zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, siimaphuka chaka chilichonse. Maluwa ake ndi atsopano pakati pa anthu onse otchuka a forsythia, amaopa chisanu.
Forsythia chitsamba chobiriwira n'choyenera kwambiri popanga mazenera. M'nyengo yozizizira yozizira pakatikati pa maulamuliro, mtundu wa Forsythian umafuna malo okhala (mosavuta, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Bronkensis yowonjezereka inkagwedezeka).
Chizungu cha ku Ulaya
Forsythia european (Forsythia europaea) - mitundu yokha ya Forsythia yoyamba ku Ulaya, inafotokozedwa mu 1897. Tsamba la shrub lili ndi korona wonyezimira, mphukira yolunjika ndikufika kutalika kwa mamita 2-3 ndipo imamera ndi mandimu yambiri (4.5 cm ndi yambiri) maluwa. Maluwa amawonekera panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi mawonekedwe a masamba (amachepetsa kukongoletsa kwa chomera). Mtundu wa masamba ndi kuwala kobiriwira, m'dzinja umasintha ku chikasu. Zimavuta zozizira. Wotchuka chifukwa cha moyo wautali (akhoza kukhala zaka zoposa 70). 
Choncho, kumadera ozizira ozizira ndi chisanu, chisanu chosagwiritsidwa ntchito chisanu (kupachikidwa, ovate, pakati) mitundu yabwino. Kumadera omwe ali kum'mwera, zosankhazo ndizowonjezereka - zenizeni mitundu yonse yowonongeka ingathe kusintha mosavuta.
