Si chinsinsi kuti nyumba zambiri zapanyumba, komanso ngakhale midzi m'midzi, zimatsitsimutsidwa mothandizidwa ndi chitofu chomwe nkhuni imatenthedwa. Chifukwa cha njirayi, mwini mundayo ali ndi makala ambiri ndi phulusa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatuluka. Komabe, makala angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza m'munda, kotero mutha kuteteza dera lanu kuchokera kwa namsongole ndi tizirombo, komanso kuti muzitha kuyendetsa dothi. Taganizirani izi mwachindunji.
Makala: Momwe mungapezere feteleza
Ponena za makala, choyamba, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chiri.
Choyamba izi ndizitsamba zakuda zakuda zomwe zimapezeka ndi kutentha kozizira (kutentha) ndi kutengeka kochepa kwa oxygen. Motero, kupeza mankhwala ali ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino, monga:
- mankhwala osadziwika (chifukwa cha izi, zikhoza kukhala padziko lapansi kwa zaka chikwi, popanda kuwonongeka konse);
- mkulu kutenga katundu (kumatha kutenga madzi ochuluka kwambiri a aluminium oxide kapena madzi wamba);
- pamwamba pang'onopang'ono (zotsatira - malo aakulu).
Kuonjezera apo, kulowa pansi, makala ngati feteleza amatha kugwira nayitrogeni mumlengalenga, kuyisandutsa mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka kwa mbewu. Iwenso imakhala ndi gawo lothandizira ntchito yofunikira ya humus biosphere.
Mukudziwa? Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makala am'munda, oyamba kubwera ndi Amwenye a ku Peru. Anayamba kuwonjezera pa dziko lapansi, omwe adapezeka kale ndi mitengo yotentha m'nkhalango.
Patapita nthaŵi, asayansi a nthaka ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana adatsimikiza kuti ndi mafuta omwe amapangitsa kuti nthaka yosauka ya Peru ikhale yokolola mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, iwo sankadziwa kuti kutentha kotentha kwa madigiri 400-500 (kunali kovuta kuti nkhalango ziwotchedwe ndi Amwenye) utomoni wa nkhuni ntchito sunatenthe, koma kuumitsa ndikuphimba pores ya makala ndi pang'ono.
Mitambo yotereyi imatha kusinthana, chifukwa mavitamini aliwonse amawoneka mosavuta, kenako zimakhala zovuta kusamba (ngakhale pansi pa mvula yambiri). Pa nthawi yomweyi, mizu ya zomera kapena hyphae ya bokosi la mycorrhizal imayamwa bwino.
Zothandiza zamakalala mu ulimi
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zomwe tikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kuchokera m'magazi m'dziko lathu sizingakhale zabwino monga momwe tingafunire, ndipo sizingatheke kudyetsa nyama. Komabe, asayansi ena amanena kuti makala amtunduwu amathandiza kwambiri kukula ndi nyama zakuthupi za mafuta a nkhumba (makamaka, izi ndi zomwe Tatiana Vladimirovna Morozova akufufuza pofufuza).
Inde, ngati simukudziwa, ndibwino kuti musayese zinyama, koma ngati mukukula zomera, ndiye kuti funso loti mafuta angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza ayenera kuti ayankhidwe movomerezeka. Pali zifukwa izi, ndipo apa pali ena mwa iwo.
Kuteteza kwa dothi
Monga tanenera kale, makala omwe amaikidwa m'nthaka amapulumutsa zomera ku kuthirira ndi kuwonongeka kwazu mu nthawi yamvula.
Amakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri, ndipo masiku owuma amaubwezeretsanso, motero amagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa chinyezi m'nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zowonjezera madzi zimasonkhanitsidwa pa zinthu zopanda mafuta, zopangidwa ndi humus ndi feteleza, zomwe zimathandizanso kwambiri zomera. Makala amathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yosasunthika bwino, imapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lopanda phokoso, komanso kuti kuwala kwa dzuŵa kufike kumzu wa zomera.
Kuteteza namsongole ndi udzu
Kukhalapo kwa makala kumtundu kumathandizanso kuthana ndi namsongole ndi tizirombo. Mwachitsanzo, kukonkha nthaka kuzungulira zomera ndi malasha osweka kudzapulumutsa mbewu kuchokera ku kukhala ndi slugs ndi misomali, chifukwa zidzakhala zovuta kuti iwo apite pamwamba. Mbali zikuluzikulu zikhonza kuthandiza kuthetsa udzu, osati kuwalola kuti ziphuke (makamaka, kufalitsa mwatsatanetsatane zotsalira zosapsa zotere zimapereka zotsatira zabwino pa kulimbana ndi moss).
Kuonjezera apo, kukhalapo kwamakala m'makala kumateteza chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga ematodes ndi tizilombo.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya nkhuni yosasaka ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pochizira mankhwala a nthaka ndi kuipaka ndi sulfuric anhydride. Sulfure disinfection ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha, kupatula pazochita zomwe mawonekedwewo ali ndi mawonekedwe osapangidwa ndi aluminium.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makala m'munda: momwe angadyetse mu nthaka
Kumene kuli magalasi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi, tapeza kale, tsopano tikupitirizabe kumvetsetsa momwe ntchito yake imagwirira ntchito kunthaka.
Pankhaniyi, zimangodalira mtundu wa malo komanso dera lanu.
Mwachitsanzo, ku USA, m'madera osauka, olemera ndi acidic, kuchuluka kwa maolivi nthawi zambiri kumafika 50 peresenti ya nthaka yonse.
Poganizira kuti kuwonongeka kwa malasha ndi kochepa kwambiri (mosiyana ndi nkhuni, sizowola), ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa nthaka kwa zaka zambiri zitatha ntchito. Makala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza, amasonyeza zotsatira zenizeni zaka zitatu kale, ngati panthawiyi mumapereka gawo la 30-40 peresenti ya mbeu yachonde. Pankhaniyi, gawoli liyenera kukhala 10-40 mm. Mosakayikira, makala amathandiza kwambiri zomera, koma nthawi zina phulusa limagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwake, lomwe silingathe kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa, kuti musadye zozizwitsa zopanda pake.
Kukhalapo kwa zitsamba zosasaka m'nthaka kumalepheretsa leaching ya feteleza yogwiritsidwa ntchito (makamaka nitrogenous) ndi zinthu zothandiza m'minda ndi ntchito yaikulu ya ulimi wothirira. Ndipotu izi ndi zabwino, chifukwa mwa njira imeneyi n'zotheka kupewa kutayika kwa matupi a madzi ndi feteleza zamchere.
Makala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zomera zosiyanasiyana, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti mafunso okhudza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito amawakhudza osamalira wamaluwa komanso wamaluwa okha, komanso amaluwa. Ziribe kanthu ngati mukukula mbewu za maluwa mumtunda wa greenhouses kapena miphika yamba, mulimonsemo, nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse bwino bizinesi yanu.
Makala amafunira kuti maluwa agwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali mayankho angapo pa funso la momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chipinda floriculture. Mwachitsanzo, zowonongeka za nkhuni zimayambitsa mizu ya zomera, mwazidzidzidzi kuwonongeka panthawi yopatsa kapena panthawi yomwe imafuna kubereka pogawa magawo a rhizomes. Nthawi zambiri zimasakanikirana ndi nthaka pobzala zomera zomwe sizilekerera chinyezi chochuluka cha gawo lapansi (succulents, orchids, cacti, etc.).
Mukamalumikiza zomera, makala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mabala, omwe ayenera kukhala oyamba bwino. Ngati mwasankha kugulira zipatso m'madzi wamba, ingoikani chidutswa chazomweyi pansi pa tanka kuti muteteze mabakiteriya a putrefactive.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simukudziwa kumene mungapeze makala a maluwa, ndiye choyamba, timalangiza kuti tigulitse maluwa omwe amapezeka maluwa (izo zimagulitsidwa kale m'matumba kapena ma briquettes), chifukwa zotsalira kuchokera mu uvuni sizingathetsere zotsatira zake.
Mtundu ndi unyinji wa makala ogulidwa angasinthe malinga ndi mtundu wa nkhuni zomwe ankagwiritsira ntchito.
