Zikanakhala kuti bowa zikanakula m'nkhalango! Koma ayi-iwo ndi alendo ambiri, mwa mawonekedwe a matenda, amawoneka pamabedi a munda. Cladosporium fulvum Cooke - kotero amatchedwa fungus, osokoneza masamba a bulawuni a tomato akukula, omwe akuchiritsidwa kuchokera ku zovuta izi, tikufuna kukuwuzani lero.
Kufotokozera ndi kuvulaza
Dzina lakuti "bulauni" (lingaliro la "klaosporioz" ndilofala kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri) limasonyeza "mawonekedwe" a matenda - mawanga a mtundu womwewo (kale ali pachikulire cha matenda) kuphimba masamba a phwetekere.
Koma si masamba okha omwe amadwala ndi kufa. Anayambitsa phwetekere za cladosporia, amasiyidwa popanda chithandizo cham'tsogolo, amatsogolera kufa kwa mbewu yonse, ndipo eni akewo amakhalabe opanda zoyembekezeka.
Pakuti tomato omwe amakula mu greenhouses kapena pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha filimu, kuopsa kwa matendawa ndi zoposa zenizeni, ndipo muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuchitira tomato kukula motere.
Matendawa amapita m'magulu angapo pa chitukuko chake, chomwe chiyenera kuwonjezera kuonetsetsa kwa wamaluwa - kuyamba kumenyana pa zizindikiro zoyamba kumatanthauza kugonjetsa matenda, kulola kusintha kusinthana ndi masitepe otsiriza - kumatanthawuza kutaya mliriwu.
Mukudziwa? Zitsulo za cladosporus zinapezeka pamtunda wa makilomita oposa makilomita ambirimbiri, poyerekeza ndi matabwa ndi nkhuni m'zigawo za maphunziro apamwamba - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zamoyo zakale kwambiri.
Zimayambitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Si mitundu yonse ya tomato yotsutsana ndi cladosporia - izi zidzakambidwa pansipa mwatsatanetsatane.
Choyamba pa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi matenda a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere.
Yachiwiri ikhoza kutchedwa chilengedwe - Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda kutentha (kuposa +25 ° C) ndi chinyezi (kuposa 80%).
Chifukwa chachitatu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda kwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda - izi ndi chifukwa cha zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Onaninso momwe mungachotsere Fusarium, powdery mildew, Alternaria, top rot, kupweteka pa tomato.
Ndipo zimasiyanasiyana ndi fungal spores. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "conidia", zomwe Cladosporium fulvum Cooke imatulutsa mwachisawawa. Conidia "fumbi particles" imanyamula ndi kayendedwe kake ka mpweya. 
Amakhazikika pazinthu zilizonse. Pogwiritsa ntchito mabedi ndi zipangizo zam'munda wamba kapena powawatsanulira pa payipi, nthawi zina simungaganize kuti panthawi imodzimodziyo mumatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timakonda.
Pakuti zenizeni za ogwira ntchitoyi ndi matenda:
- Kukhoza kukhala popanda mbewu yokha (ikhonza kukhala m'nthaka);
- kukana chilala ndi kutentha kwa kuzizira;
- Kutalika kwa miyezi khumi (10).
Ndikofunikira! Kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya pansi pa 70% kumayambitsa ndondomeko ya matenda.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira mu tomato
Pambuyo pomwe malo ofiira akakhudza tomato wanu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwikiratu.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za cladosporia ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pa nyengo yokula ndi kuyamba kwa maluwa. Musakhale aulesi panthawi ino kuti muwone mkati mwa masamba - apo, pokhapokha ngati mukudwala, muwoneke, monga kumayambiriro kwa kuvunda, mawanga ofiira. 
Chizindikiro choyang'ana kumbali ya masambawo chikhoza (ndipo chiyenera) kukhala chobiriwira chobiriwira (kapena, chachilendo) kuwona mbali yake yakunja.
Pofuna kuti tisabwerere kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za kukula kwa nthendayi, tiyeni tiwonetsere nthawi yomweyo komanso makamaka zotsatirazi:
- Kladosporiosis imakhala ndi mtengo wapatali, kufalikira pansi kuchokera pansi, kumenyedwa osati wamng'ono kwambiri masamba, komanso mbali ya zimayambira.
Kunja, izi zimawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mdima wa mawanga, ndipo mkati mwa zinyama zamasamba zimapatsa zakudya m'nthaka zake zonse, ndipo chifukwa chake, chitukuko cha zipatso zovundikira - chikuwoneka kuti chiri cholimba komanso chosasunthika, chikukula mofooka ndipo chimakula.
- Malo amdima ofiira amasonyeza gawo lomaliza la matendawa. Masambawo adzauma, pindani, m'munsi mwazikhala ndi zowola.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi bulauni pa strawberries.
Chithandizo
Kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zowawa zikuwonekera, kladosporiosis kapena bulawuni ya tomato zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa inu, zomwe zimakulimbikitsani kufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofunikira zothandizira. Iwo, mwa njira, kwambiri.
Mankhwala
Mbali yaikulu ya ogwiritsira ntchito nthaka imachokera ku mizinda. Kuchokera kuno, iwo omwe ali ofooka akudziwa ndi maphikidwe a dziko lakumenyana ndi munda wa tizirombo ndi matenda - zokonda zimaperekedwa kukonzekera mankhwala zomwe zingangokhala mu malo apadera.
Timakupatsani inu zipangizo ziwiri zotchuka kwambiri:
- Fungicides "NeoTek" ndi "Bravo" ndizochita zambiri zamphamvu, zokhoza, mu mawonekedwe oopsa kwambiri, kuwotcha masamba.
Pachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisapatuke ku malangizo ochokera ku mauthenga apadera pamene tikuyenda ndi kukonza njira yothetsera.
Ndipo pofuna kuthetseratu kachilombo ka HIV, kachiwiri kachirombo ka fungicidal kakuyenera kuchitidwa - masabata awiri pambuyo pake.
- Njira yothetsera polycarbacin (supuni), mkuwa sulphate (mofanana) ndi sulfure yamchere (katatu supuni) imakhala mu decaliter ya madzi.
Ndikofunikira kupasuka momwe zingathere. Kuti mudziwe malo otukuka kwambiri, sopo yowonjezera madzi imaphatikizidwanso kwa mankhwala.
Kuwonjezera pa kukonza mbande zokha, makamaka kumapeto kwa mapepala, ndibwino kuti kuthirira pang'ono kuti dothi liwonongeke.
Ndikofunikira! Chemistry ndi bwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zowawa pa mapangidwe ndi kucha kwa phwetekere ovary. Yambani ndi mayesero owopsa, kuchotseratu pamapepala okayikitsa komanso ngati matendawa ayamba kale, ndi mankhwala ochepetsetsa.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe
Zida zamagetsi ndi zabwino kwa zopanda pake kwa anthu, nyama ndi tizilombo topindulitsa. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito trichodermin motsutsana ndi cladosporia makamaka (ndizotsutsana ndi matenda ena a fungus).
Bweretsani, kwa nthawi yoyamba, mu nthaka musanabzala mbande. Izi zitatha mwezi uliwonse, panthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitidwa ndi njira yothetsera (malinga ndi malangizo) a mankhwala a masamba a masamba a phwetekere.
Poona kuti trichodermin yosungunuka imalira mofulumira kwambiri, njirayi iyenera kuchitika mvula yamtambo kuti asapitirize kutenthedwa kwina kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa. Werengani zambiri za biologics zowononga. 
Mankhwala a anthu
Kuchokera ku thupi lathunthu tidzasankha whey osudzulidwa m'madzi (lita imodzi pa chidebe). Kupopera mbewu moyenera kumapambana motsutsana ndi cladosporia ndi bowa zina zosayenera.
Ndipo malamulo ena awiri omwe akuyenera kukonzekera mankhwala:
- Mu 500 ml mkaka wowonjezera (mwatsopano) onjezerani madontho 15 a ayodini, oyambitsa ndi kutsanulira 5 malita otentha (kapena otentha) madzi.
Chotsatira ndi ndondomeko yoyesera kupopera mbewu ndi mankhwala ochizira kwambiri m'munsi mwawo.
- Njira zothetsera manganese ndi decoction nkhuni phulusa, zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana (ndi nthawi ya mlungu ndi mlungu), zidzakhala zopanda phindu (zonse za zomera ndi za mwamuna).
Pankhaniyi, yankho lamaliza la manganese liyenera kukhala lofiira, ndipo mankhwala ochokera pamphuno akukonzekera ndi kutentha 0.3 makilogalamu a zinthuzo mumadzi ochepa ndi mphindi makumi asanu ndi limodzi (4) pamoto wotsika, ndipo pokhapokha chisakanizocho chimasungunuka mu chidebe cha ten lita.
Njira zaulimi
Kugonjetsa kladosporioz pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi kungakhale njira yowopsya kwambiri - kuwononga zomera zonse. 
Choncho, njira za agrotechnical mu nkhaniyi ziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, kapena ngati wodwala wodwalayo.
Izi zikhoza kukhala:
- Kuwonongeka (kutenthedwa) kwa masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi masamba ena onse mutatha kukolola.
- Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane malamulo a kusintha kwa mbewu.
- Kuthamanga nthawi zonse kwa wowonjezera kutentha.
- Sparseness chobzala baka.
- Kukhathamiritsa kwa kuthirira kuti mupewe madzi.
Kupewa
Pofuna kupewa malo a bulauni, poyamba, njira zowonjezera za potassium permanganate ndi phulusa.
Chithandizo choteteza zomera chikuchitanso:
- mkuwa oxychloride;
- Bordeaux madzi (1% yankho);
- zinthu zopangidwa ndi bioactive (Integral, Pseudobacterin 2, Fitosporin M).
Pomalizira pake, wowonjezera kutentha, kumene tomato wakula, sayenera kukhala malo oteteza matenda - zigawo zake zamatabwa zimapatsidwa njira zothetsera vutoli.Mitundu yotsutsa
Kukula mitundu ya tomato yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi cladosporia ingathenso kuonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wina woteteza.
Pali mitundu iwiri yokha. Pa tomato odziwika kwambiri, ambiri amaika zosiyanasiyana "Our Masha F1" poyamba, chifukwa, kupatula kukana matendawa, ili ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
Mmodzi mwa oyambawo amatchedwanso mitundu:
- "Vezha", yemwe anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Belarus (ataya pang'ono kumalo oyamba ndi kukula kwa zipatso).
- "Zokoma" ndi pinki pinki.
- "Space Star F1" - ndizofunika kuwonjezera pa kupopera mankhwalawa ndi zina zowonjezereka ("Alirin-B" ndi / kapena "Gamair" kukonzekera).
- "Funtik" - zonga zake "Evpator", ayambe, pachimake, pakukonza, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Mukudziwa? Soviet wasayansi N.I. Vavilov ankanena kuti South America ndi malo omwe amachokera ku tomato akale.
Nkhumba zomwe zimapezeka pamapepala a mbatata ayenera kukhala chitsogozo chochitapo kanthu, makamaka matendawa amachiritsidwa. Ndi khama lochepa, mukuyembekeza bwino.
