Mutu (kuchokera ku Greek Pafia - limodzi la mayina a mulungu wamkazi Venus ndi pedilon - chopukutira, nsapato), amasonyeza mawonekedwe odabwitsa a mkamwa, wofanana ndi nsapato.
Orchid Bashmachk ndi chomera chosatha chokhazikika chokhazikika, kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za moyo wake zimapita pansi pa nthaka, ndipo maluwa akhoza kuwonedwa mu chaka cha 18 zokha.
Kulongosola kwa zomera
Izi ndi zapadziko lapansi kapena zapiphypitic. Mitengo yokhala ndi tsinde lalifupi kwambiri komanso lachidutswa cha masamba awiri ozungulira kapena oblong. Zingwe zam'mwambazi ndi zazikulu kuposa zina, ziŵirizi zimamera kukhala zazing'ono, zotsika pansi. Nkhumba zowonekera kapena zovuta. Milomo ndi yayikulu, yopanda magazi, ndi ziwiri zosatsutsika, mbali zam'mbali zimatsogoleredwa mmwamba. Mzere wokhala ndi steminod wodetsedwa, mawonekedwe ake omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala chizindikiro cha matenda a mitundu.
Mbiri ya
Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu uwu wa orchid unkawerengedwa ndipo unafotokozedwa ndi mlimi wa ku England John Lindley mu 1737.
Pakalipano, mtundu wa Orchid, Slipper umaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 70 ya chilengedwe ndi mitundu 1,500 interspecific ya epiphytic, semi-epiphytic ndi ma orchids okhala ku Southeast Asia.
Mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayimilira pamalire a South China ndi North Vietnam. Kugawo la Russia, ku Far East, ndizosavuta kupeza maluwa otchire kuthengo.
Otsitsa abweretsa maluwa atsopano ambiri a maluwa kapena orchidszomwe zimakula, zomwe sizimayambitsa mavuto.
Kusiyana kwa mitundu ina
Boti, mosiyana ndi Phalaenopsis, sikuti onse amakula mofulumira, amatha kufanana ndi lithophyte zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi miyala ndi miyala, komanso kwa iwo omwe amakhala pansi, omwe mizu yawo imamizidwa kumtunda.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi zithunzi
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu:
Harris
Mbalame yosakanizidwa, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga munda, imakula kwambiri ndikukongoletsa malo alionse. Chifukwa cha ichi, amatchedwa maluwa amaluwa. Ili ndi chitsanzo chosangalatsa chomwe chikufanana ndi gridi. Masamba amakhala obiriwira, maluwa okhawo akhoza kukhala ofiira kwambiri ndi achikasu ndi mitsempha yobiriwira.
Pafiopedilum wokondedwa
Anaperekedwera ku Thailand kuchokera ku Thailand, ochepa ndi owala kwambiri. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono, ang'onoang'ono, koma zimakhala zazikulu ndipo zimakhala zazikulu.
Corny
Zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinawonekera ku Ulaya kumbuyo mu 1885, ndipo malo obadwira amaluwa amaonedwa ngati Vietnam. Maluwa makamaka amatanthauza nthawi ya masika. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi maluwa ena akuluakulu. Mtundu waukulu ndi wobiriwira.
Moto
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imene inabwera ku Ulaya kuchokera kutali ku India imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake ndi maonekedwe ake. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala masika ndi chilimwe.
Sukhakula
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikuonedwa ku Thailand. Amakonda nyengo yozizira ndipo amadziwika ndi maluwa akuluakulu omwe amatha kufika masentimita 14.
Rothschild
The orchid ankatchedwa Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, wokondedwa wa orchid ndi okonda munda ku Borneo.
Maluwa
Ngakhale masamba a "marble" akuwoneka okongola mwa njira yawoyawo, koma maluwa ndi zomwe orchid zimabzalidwa.
Kodi ndi mtundu wanji?
Orchid Venerin slide imagawidwa mu:
- Zosasangalatsa kapena zoyenera.
- Ndi mitundu yochepa.
- Zimakhala zazikulu, zimakhala ndi masentimita 18.
- "Revolver". Mtundu wosangalatsa wa maluwa, pamene Mphukira imodzi imamasula kuti ikhale m'malo mwa thunthu lomwelo. Maluwa akhoza kukhala pafupifupi khumi ndi atatu.
Ndizitsulo zazikulu zokha, zokhazikika bwino. Kawirikawiri maonekedwe a peduncle amatsogoleredwa ndi "mndandanda wazitsulo." Ngakhale chikwama chilichonse chimamasula kamodzi kokha, Nsalu ya Orchid yadutsa mawanga ena onse. Maluwa onse amakhala kuyambira mwezi mpaka
Sumatran Paphiopedilum Chamberlainianum amakondwera zaka ziwiri zonse, kutsegula maluwa imodzi ndi imodzi. Masiku oyambirira maluwa - kuyambira November mpaka March. Mitundu yamaluwa imakhala pachimake, ndi anzawo obiriwira - pafupi ndi masika. Komabe, zokolola za m'badwo wamakono zimatha kusamba molondola, zikawatsata, ngakhale kamodzi pachaka.
Bwanji ngati icho sichimasintha?
Okonza ena amaganizira kwambiri momwe angapangire maluwa amaluwa. Pakhomo pakhomo, "kuyambitsa chilala" kungakhale njira yabwino. Njira iyi ndi kuonjezera nthawi yapakati pa ulimi wothirira (m'nyengo yozizira). Mwachitsanzo ngati chitsiriziro chisanachitike masiku 3-4, tsopano chiyenera kuchitika kawirikawiri kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi atatu kapena kuposerapo. Inunso simusowa kupopera maluwa. Kubwerera ku njira yapitayi ya ulimi wothirira idzakhala kotheka ndi kufika kwa maluwa.
Kusamalira kwanu
Mofanana ndi orchids onse, Chomera ndi chomera chovuta kwambiri, chosadziwika bwino chomwe chimafuna chisamaliro chachikulu ndi chisamaliro.
Kusankha malo
Orchid Chomera chimayikidwa bwino pazenera za kumpoto, kum'maŵa kapena kumadzulo. Pawindo lakumwera duwa liyenera kukhala shaded. Komano, kusunga orchids kunja kwawindo sikunayanjanitsenso. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuwunikira maola 10 mpaka 12 patsiku.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati masamba atakhala ofiira, kuwala kumakula kwambiri, chomera chiyenera kukhala mthunzi.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Mukhoza kugula gawo lokonzekera bwino kapena kukonzekera nokha.
Pazimenezi mufunikira:
- 5 zidutswa za makungwa a pine;
- Gawo limodzi la makala;
- 0,5 magawo a ufa wa dolomite ndi perlite;
- Gawo limodzi la peat.
Ngati dothi limasunga chinyezi bwino, ndibwino kuti pasakhale peat. kuchokera kusakaniza koteroko. Kawirikawiri substrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito pine makungwa, mizu yotsotsoka, sphagnum ndi makala.
Kutentha
Mthunzi ukhoza kutanthawuza zomera zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yotentha ndi Callus ndi Suhakula, ndipo Nice ndi mitundu yozizira. Onse variegated mitundu ndi thermophilic. Kufunikanso kutentha mitundu ndi hybrids ndi maluwa aakulu. Kwa iwo, kutentha kumafunika kukhala mkati mwa 23 + 28 C m'chilimwe komanso kuchokera ku +18 mpaka 23 C m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu yosasinthasintha yofiira imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ndipo amafunikira kutentha kuzungulira + 18 + 22 ° C m'chilimwe komanso + 16 + 19 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. Mukamakula orchid, kumbukirani kuti kutentha usiku kuyenera kukhala madigiri 3-5 mmunsi kuposa masana. Pamene kutentha kumatsikira ku 4 kapena pansi, zomera zimamwalira. M'chilimwe, orchid imafunika kuuluka kamodzi patsiku, koma popanda ndodo.
Chinyezi
Chomera - chomera chotentha. Choncho, chinyezi n'chofunika kwambiri kwa iye. Ayenera kukhala osachepera 70-80%. Kupopera mbewu mbewu sikunayamikiridwe. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi, mungagwiritse ntchito kachetechete wapadera kapena kuyika chomeracho mu chidebe chaching'ono ndi mitsuko yonyowa, dothi lopangidwa kapena miyala.
Kuunikira
Chomera - chomera chokhalitsa kuwala, koma chimafuna kuwala kowala popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 14 pa tsiku. Chofunika kwambiri pa ma orchid awa ndi kuyatsa panthawi ya maluwa.
Kuthirira
Ichi ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe salola kulema kwa gawolo. Koma kubwezeretsanso nthaka sikoyenera. Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka, ndipo mutatha maluwa - kuchepetsedwa.
Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti gawolo nthawi zonse limakhala lonyowa. Madzi a kuthirira ayenera kuphika, oyera, ofewa komanso otentha mokwanira (pafupifupi 30 ° C). Kuthirira mbewu pazu ndizosatheka. Madzi sayenera kugwera pamtunda ndi masamba a zomera.
Kuthirira moyenera ndi kusungidwa kwa chidebe ndi gawo lapansi mu kapu waukulu ndi madzi. Ngati gawolo liri ndi makungwa ambiri, ndiye kuti njirayi idzatenga mphindi 30 mpaka 50. Ngati pali zigawo zing'onozing'ono za makungwa ndi peat pansi, ndiye kutsirira kwafupika mpaka 10-15 Mphindi.
Kupaka pamwamba
Muyenera kudyetsa orchid nthawi zonse, kamodzi pamwezi. Mu nthawi ya maluwa ndi kukula kwachangu, nthawi zambiri kudyetsa kumawonjezeka kawiri pa mwezi. Mchere wamtengo wapadera wa ma orchid ndi woyenera izi, koma ndondomeko yawo iyenera kukhala theka lomwe limalimbikitsa.
Nthaka kawirikawiri imakhala ndi mchere wochuluka m'nthaka. Kuti musinthe pang'ono mchere, mukhoza kuthirira kamodzi kamodzi ndi madzi osungunuka. Pambuyo pake, kuthirira kwina ndi madzi wamba, mukhoza kupanga feteleza.
Kubwereza
Chomera chosavuta kwambiri chololedwa. Choncho, nkofunikira kuchita opaleshoni yokha ngati nthaka ikutha, koma osati kawirikawiri kamodzi pa zaka 2-3, masika.
Mizu ya orchid imakula pang'onopang'ono, choncho mphika wake ndi wawukulu kwambiri. Sakanizani chomera mutatha maluwa ndipo samalani kwambiri kuti musayambe kuwononga mizu. Pambuyo pa kusakaniza, musamamwe madzi masiku 3-4.
Ganizirani momveka bwino momwe mungayankhire chomera chamaluwa:
Kuswana
Koposa zonse, maluwawo amafalitsidwa mwa kugawanika shrub pamene akuwaza. Ndi kupatukana kumeneku, nkofunika kuti magawo onsewa akhale ndi zitsulo zitatu zokhala ndi mizu. Ngati mutasunga nyerere imodzi kapena ziwiri, amazika mizu kwa nthawi yayitali, sadzafalikira posachedwa. Pambuyo pa kuziyika, mbande zazing'ono sizimamwe madzi masabata awiri. Kutentha kumafunika kukhala mkati mwa + 20 + 22 ° C.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chomera chimatha kuukiridwa ndi kangaude, scythos, mealybug. Pamene tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timapezeka pamasamba, chomeracho chimatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha (45 ° C) ndikupukuta ndi padontho lamanyowa. Ngati mukuwonongeka kwambiri, mungagwiritse ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Fitoverm kapena Aktofit).
Manalybug, ngati kangaude wa kangaude, amadyetsa madzi a orchid. Pochotsani chomera cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mukhoza kupukuta masamba ndi mowa kapena madzi a sopo. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, ndiye chitani mankhwala a Fitoverm kapena 0.1% ya Carbofos.
Kawirikawiri, Chomera chimatha kuvutika ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal ndi mavairasi. Ndikofunika kukhalabe wathanzi panthawi yopatsira mbeu kuti asapitirize kudula nthaka.
Tiyeni tiyembekezere kuti manja ovuta a alimi a maluwa adzasunga maphwando amenewa, ndipo ana athu adzakhala ndi mwayi wokonda ntchito zapadera.
