Mtengo wobiriwira, womwe umatulutsa fungo lokoma la coniferous, umapanga mpweya wabwino ndi wokongola m'nyumba. Chowongolera mumphika chimalowa bwino mu chipinda chilichonse. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sipangakhale zovuta pakukula mtengo uwu panyumba (pambuyo pake, iwo amatsatiridwa bwino pamsewu).
Koma ngati mukufuna fir yako kukhala yokongola, muyenera kulingalira zina mwazithunzizo ndikutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro.
Zolaula: kufotokozera zomera za coniferous
Dziko la Caucasus ndi North America, lomwe limakhala lobiriwira kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo inkaikonda kwambiri wamaluwa ambiri. Ngati firaku ikukula kuthengo, ndiye kuti msinkhu wake ukhoza kufika mamita asanu ndi atatu, kukula kwa mitundu yokongola sikungaposa mamita awiri. 
Thunthu la firali liri ndi makungwa ovuta ndi ming'alu yaing'ono kapena yosalala (izo zimadalira zosiyanasiyana), taproot, koma amphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zifike pozama mokwanira. Zisoti za mtengo uwu ndizoling'ono, zofewa, mwakonzedwe mozungulira pa mphukira (mitundu ina ili ndi chisa).
Kukula mu miphika ya firitsi (kufotokoza za chisamaliro chomwe timapitilirapo) kumasiyana ndi mtundu wa msewu wa singano ndi mawonekedwe a korona. Manyika amakula makamaka kunyumba:
- Nordman (kapena Caucasus);
- Frazer;
- kumanga;
- golide bulauni;
- Sizu.
Mitengo yambiri yokongoletsa imatha kukhalira zaka mazana angapo, ndipo kuthengo - pafupi zaka 800. Kuwonjezera apo, mtengo womwe udabzalidwa pamtunda umatuluka ndi masentimita 30 pachaka, ndipo mu mphika umakula ndi masentimita 4-6 pa chaka.Zowonongeka ndi kubzala mosasamala ndizodzichepetsa, amaluwa ambiri amawabzala kumbuyo kwawo. Pakati pa maluwa pamphepete muwoneke mwamuna (wofanana ndi mphete) ndi mkazi (kukula kwa cones) maluwa. Amathira mpweya ndi mphepo ndipo amapereka mbewu zokhwima chaka chomwecho.
Mukudziwa? Zowona za zaka zingapo zoyambirira ndi bwino kukula mu mthunzi wa tsankho. Ngati imakula dzuwa, imadzala ndi chizoloŵezi cha matenda komanso kufooka kwa mtengo m'tsogolomu.
Kodi n'zotheka kukula fir mu mphika?
Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe lero ilipo kwa aliyense ndi yabwino kuti ikule bwino mumphika.
Mukamagula mtengo, onetsetsani kuti mukutsutsa ozizira.
Ngati piritsi imatha nthawi yambiri pakhonde kapena m'munda, chisanu chake chiyenera kukhala chapamwamba (mwa magawo 1-2) kusiyana ndi dera.
Ndikofunikira! Chowongolera mu chidebe chimathamanga mofulumira kusiyana ndi malo otseguka.
Njira yabwino - chodzala mbeu yafiritsi. Chifukwa chaichi, amakololedwa kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa kondomu. Zofesedwa kasupe kapena m'dzinja. Zikamera, zimakhala m'magawo osiyana.
Zitha kutheka kufalitsa firitsi yamaluwa ndi zomera, mothandizidwa ndi cuttings ndi mphukira pamwamba, mmera woterewo umakula motalika ndipo umayamba mizu zaka 8-10.
Mbali za kubzala Fir m'chipinda
Chowongolera mu chidebe chikuwoneka chokongola kwambiri, koma kulima kwake kumafuna kutsatira malamulo angapo.
Pofuna kusamalira fir, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito miphika pamapiri - motero mtengo waukulu ukhoza kusunthira mozungulira chipindacho.
Mukudziwa? Zokongoletsera zokhala ndi zokongoletsera ndizokhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mosamala zitha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zoposa zana ndipo zimakhala zovomerezeka m'banja.
Kuunikira, chinyezi ndi kutentha
Ngati mmera umagulidwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye musanabzala mafuta mumphika wamuyaya, amafunika nthawi yodziwitsamo. Poyamba, zikhalidwe siziyenera kukhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zinali mu sitolo - pamtentha wotsika kuposa m'chipinda.
Mtengo ukangotembenuka kupita ku chilengedwe, sungani kumalo kumene mukukonzekera kuchoka mtsogolo. Mankhwala abwino ndi ngalande ayenera kusamalidwa poyamba - firiti amakonda nthaka yowonongeka, koma salola kulema kwa madzi (mizu yake imangowola).
Mphepo yowonjezera kukula kwa fir ndi yoyenera kwa aliyense. Palibe chofunikira kuti tipeze njira iliyonse yowonetsera malo okhalamo.
Momwe mungasankhire chodezera chodzala firitsi
Mtengo wogula ukhoza kubzalidwa mumphika waukulu (5-10 malita) ndi nthaka yoyenera, popanda kuwononga dothi ladothi kuzungulira mizu. Ndibwino kuti mupange fir m'phika lalikulu, popeza ali otetezeka, ali ndi nthaka yambiri, choncho, nthaka imakhala yothira.
Koma mu miphika yaing'ono, nkofunika kubwezeretsanso firitsi yobiriwira zaka ziwiri. Nthaŵi yoyenera yowonjezera ndi September-October. Pofuna kuti mizu ikhale mizu m'malo atsopano, sikufunika kuchotsa nthaka kuchokera ku mizu, ndipo nthaka itatha kuyambira imayenera kuberekedwa ndi kukonzekera.
Kukonzekera dothi lodzala firitsi
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe mungasamalire ndi kusankha bwino kwa nthaka. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lopanda thanzi komanso losalowererapo (lingakhale lachilendo pang'ono).
Pansi pa chilengedwe, kubzala kwa mbeu kumakhala ndi mbeu, choncho maziko amatha kuteteza nthaka, loam, nthaka yokonzeka kwa zomera za coniferous kapena dothi lapadera (dongo, peat, mchenga, tsamba la masamba).
Kusunga zakudya zoyenera pamene mukudzala kuwonjezera zovuta feteleza. Pa nthawi yomweyi, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mizu yozizira imakhala pansi.
Momwe mungabzalitsire firi kunyumba
Musanagule firitsi yowonjezera, yang'anani mosamala ndi mizu kuchokera mu mphika kuti muyese mizu.
Monga mtengo wokha, ayenera kukhala watsopano komanso nthaka yonyowa. Momwe malamulo a chisamalirocho adasungidwira, zimadalira momveka bwino momwe mungakhalire wolimba m'nyumba.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kupeza mitengo yokha yomwe ili ndi mizere yotseguka - ang'onoang'ono ndi achinyamata adzalima miphika bwino. Wakale wamkulu, zimakhala zovuta kuti apulumuke kupsyinjika.
Masitolo ambiri amapereka kugula mafuta odyera mu gawo lapadera. M'nthaka yotere mtengo sukhala ndi moyo wautali, choncho malondawa ayenera kupeŵa. Mitengo imayenera kugulidwa kokha ndi nsalu yadothi - firitsi yotereyo imakula kuchokera ku mbewu ndipo imadzazidwa ndi wopanga ndi kuyembekezera kupeza nkhawa zochepa panthawi yopititsa patsogolo.
Pambuyo posakaniza fir m'chitengera chatsopano, sungani pansi bwinobwino. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kuti mupange mphika kwa maola angapo mu ayeki, chidebe kapena beseni ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa njirayi, muyenera kuchotsa madzi owonjezera kudzera m'mabowo.
Tsopano mukhoza kuika mphika wa piritsi mumphika wokongoletsera (mutakula mtengo kwambiri - mumiphika). Ngati mpukutu umaloleza, mukhoza kutsanulira dothi losakanizika pansi pansi ndi kutsanulira m'madzi ena kuti muthe msinkhu.
Malangizo apamwamba apanyumba apamwamba
Podziwa momwe mungapangire zikhalidwe zowonjezera kukula kwa firitsi, mutha kukondwera ndi mtengo wokongola wa coniferous m'kanthawi kochepa.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Mtengo ukangokhala pansi, sikuvomerezeka kuti mutha kuthira madzi mumphika nthawi zambiri - ndibwino kuti aziwaza tsiku lililonse masiku atatu (kutentha ndi kotheka nthawi zambiri), ndipo kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa kumzu.
Mtengo umafunikanso kudyetsa, koma osati masiku oposa 14 mutatha kuika. Zosakaniza feteleza kwa coniferous zomera ndizoyenera kudya (zabwino - Kemira ngolo).
Ndi cholinga chaukhondo, mukhoza nthawi zonse kukonza madzi ozizira.
Mukudziwa? Amapanga mankhwala a machiritso ku makungwa, ndi singano zawo ndi nthambi - mafuta osungira. Kusintha kwa singano ndi makungwa kungachepetse acidity, kumateteza chitetezo chamthupi komanso kumasula mano.
Kukonza fir
Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha fir ndi mapangidwe apadera a korona. Koma, ngati mukufuna kuteteza msinkhu wa mtengo, ndibwino kuti mutenge. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika m'chaka.
Kusamalira dothi
Kawirikawiri, fir sichikufuna kwambiri nthaka, koma samakonda wolemera komanso asidi pang'ono. Ngati mukufuna mtengo wanu ukhale wowala bwino, mukhoza kuwonjezera humus ku gawo lapansi.
Musanayambe spruce fir, muyenera kukonzekera nthaka yabwino. Choponderetsa pansi chiyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zosakaniza: peat, mchenga, masamba (tsamba la nthaka) ndi dongo lapansi (chiŵerengero - 1: 1: 3: 2).
Wachiwiri wosanjikiza - utuchi, kuwaza mizu pamwamba pa nthaka popanda feteleza.
Mitengo yaing'ono imasowa kumasula kwa nthaka ndi kukulumikiza muzu wozungulira ndi utuchi ndi peat.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Ngakhale kuti nyumba yapamwamba imasowa chisamaliro chapadera, mitundu yawo yokongoletsera imadwala matenda ena:
Ngati mwasungunula nthaka, bowa ikhoza kuwonekera. Chomera choterocho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa sulphate (1%) ndi kuikidwa mu nthaka ina. M'tsogolomu, kuchulukitsa kuthirira mtengo sikuvomerezedwa.
Coniferous leafworms, muzu aphid ndipo amawombera njenjete. Mukhoza kuwachotsa mwa kuchiza chomera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pofuna kupewa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kubwerezedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Malamulo osavuta a chisamalirochi adzakuthandizani kukondwera ndi kukongola kwake ndi chisomo kwa nthawi yaitali popanda khama lalikulu.
Kuti muzisangalala ndi mpweya wochiritsidwa, sizingatheke kuti mupite kuthengo - mukhoza kuyika mphika ndi firiti m'chipinda chilichonse, chomwe, chifukwa cha zithunzi zake, chidzakhala chokongoletsera cha mkati. Mafuta onunkhira panyumba si osangalatsa, ngati mukudziwa zonse za fir.
