Mitengo ya zipatso yamtengo wapatali imapanga ntchito yowonjezera, komanso yokongoletsa. Mitengo yamphamvuyi yokongola kwambiri, yobiriwira masamba amawoneka bwino kwambiri dzuwa ndipo imakondweretsa maso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso kuchokera ku golide chikasu mpaka maroon, pafupifupi wakuda. Mwinamwake silima aliyense amadziwa kuti kukongola kwakumwera uku kunadza ku Ulaya nthawi yathu ino.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mitundu yambiri yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitukuko chikhale chokhazikika. Kumalo omwe kale anali USSR, pali zinayi - ichi ndi pakati pakati pa Ukraine, Moldavia, Crimea ndi Caucasus. Magulu awa amadziwika ndi mapangidwe awo, omwe adzalandidwa - ubwino ndi kukoma kwa mwana wamwamuna, kukana zochitika za nyengo, matenda ndi tizirombo, ndi zina zotero.
Mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya chitumbuwa
Popeza pali mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma, ndi bwino kudziŵa zina mwa izo kuti musankhe mtengo umene umagwirizana ndi kukoma kwanu.
Zosiyanasiyana "Kuban cherry".
Zipatso za Kuban zimadya akhoza kutchedwa wamkulu. Kulemera kwawo kwalemera kufika 8.2 g. Mitengo yofiira yamdima ya mawonekedwe ozungulira amakhala ndi thupi lofiira lofiira ndi madzi omwewo. Idyani lokoma, yowutsa mudyo, mchere. Mwala ndi phesi zimasiyanitsa mosavuta ndi zipatso. N'zotheka kukolola izi zosiyanasiyana m'mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe, choncho Kubanskaya imatengedwa pakati pa oyambirira lokoma chitumbuwa.
Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana ali ndi korona yaikulu, yaikulu ya mtengo wambiri. Masamba ndi obiriwira, ovunda, aakulu, ndi ochepa. Maluwa amayamba oyambirira. Chokolola choyamba chingasonkhanitsidwe kuchokera ku mtengo wa zaka zisanu. Ngakhale kuti zotsekemera zotsekemera ndi mtengo wokonda kutentha, izi zosiyanasiyana zimapirira nyengo yozizira chisanu, koma, zodabwitsa, nthawi zina zimayang'ana zoipa ku chisanu. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino, zokolola ndi 12t / ha.
Ubwino wa Kuban zosiyanasiyana N'zotheka kutchula kuphuka koyamba kwa zipatso, maonekedwe okongola ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri, zokolola zabwino ndi kukana bwino chisanu.
Kuipa Zomwezo ndizo: Kukanika kumatenda matenda monga Coccomycosis, kukhalapo kwa korona waukulu kwambiri.
Zosiyanasiyana "Pink Pink Cherry".
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyana yaying'ono, pafupifupi 5g, chikasu ndi zofiira zofiira. Thupi ndi lobiriwira, yowutsa mudyo, madzi amadziwika bwino. Mwalawo ndi wamdima wonyezimira, wosiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati. Mitengoyi ndi yokongola kwambiri, makamaka dzuwa, minda imeneyi imayang'ana modabwitsa. Zosiyanasiyana za chitumbuwa choterechi ndizofika pakati pa kucha, zokolola zingasonkhanitsidwe pakati pa June.
Malinga ndi dzuŵa, imatulutsa zosayenera. Ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, zipatso zimatha. Pamtengowo, amasungidwa bwino, sagwedezeka; pakuposa, khalidwe la kukoma limangosintha, kukoma kumakhala mchere wambiri. Mukamachotsa mbewu mosavuta, mwamsanga mumadzazidwa ndi mdima. Choncho, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa chokoma sichiyenera kuyenda.
Mitengo ya Pink Pink likutanthauza kutalika kwamasinkhu, kutalika kwazitali ndi 5m. Chokongoletsera chokongoletsedwa, chosakanizika kwambiri. Makungwawo ndi a imvi, amawopsya, ndi chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa, chokhala ndi nthawi yaitali. Zigawozo zimakhala zowonjezereka, zowonjezera, ndi nsonga, mpaka 18 cm, ndi kukula kwa masentimita 7 pa mphukira zazing'ono. Zokwanira, zowonda, zochepa zowonjezera petiole, zofiirira.
Maluwa amayamba oyambirira. Mu inflorescence kawirikawiri mpaka 3 maluwa. Maluwa amazungulira, oyera, ndi chikho chachikulu. Ndi zipatso zabwino zimabwera chaka cha 4 chodzala. Mwadzidzidzi osati mungu. Pamene kasupe kotentha, nthawi yamaluwa ndi yaifupi. Mzuwu uli wamphamvu kwambiri kuti alole madzi kuti achoke kunthaka zakuya. Mitengo yokhwima yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino komanso chisamaliro choyenera chingapereke mpaka zokolola 70kg kuchokera ku unit limodzi.
Osadziwika ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi okwera kwambiri kwa chisanu. Kupewa bwino matenda monga coccomycosis ndi monoliosis. Zokolola zabwino ndi zipatso zokongola. Zakudya zosungira kukoma kwa zipatso.
Chovuta chachikulu kwambiri ndi kutsika kotsika kwa chipatso. Mitengo iyi iyenera kudyedwa mwamsanga mutatha kukolola. Zing'onozing'ono ndi kucha mopanda ntchito.
Zosiyanasiyana "Nkoleon wakuda yamatcheri".
Zipatso za yamatcheri awa ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera, popanga compotes ndi kusunga, ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Ali ndi mdima wandiweyani wofiira komanso madzi amdima ofanana, mawonekedwe ozungulira, osakanikirana kwambiri ndi khungu lakuda. Idyani lokoma, mchere ndi pang'ono wowawasa.
Pakulemera kwake kufika pa 6.5 g, kotero amatha kukhala ndi zipatso zazikulu. Kukula kwa miyala. Mitunduyi ili ndi kuyenda bwino kwambiri ndipo sizimataya kukoma kwake ndi maonekedwe ake posungidwa kwa milungu iwiri pamalo ozizira. Zokolola zakonzeka kukolola kumapeto kwa June, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Napoleon Black ndi mitundu yochedwa yakucha.
Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana pamwamba, kufika mamita 6. Leafy korona wandiweyani, wapamwamba. Kukaniza chisanu ndizochepa. Ndibwino kuti mu fruiting mubwere kuchokera chaka cha 4 mutabzala. Zipatso pachaka. Average yKubadwa kwa chitumbuwa chimodzi chokoma ndi 28kg zipatso
Mitundu yambiri ya chitumbuwa chokoma ubwino wambirizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zowonjezera. Izi ndizomwe zimayenda bwino kwambiri, m'malo mokhala ndi alumali nthawi zambiri, ndi zipatso zabwino, zimafuna kukoma ndi maonekedwe. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana za zipatso. Kulimbana mokwanira ndi matenda, koma nthawizina pali kugonjetsedwa kwa ntchentche ntchentche, yomwe ili yochepa.
Mwinamwake, ochepa amaluwa amadziŵa kuti posamalira dothi la miyala yamchere kwambiri ndi humus kwambiri, yamatcheri akhoza kukhala okalamba ndi kukula mpaka zaka 100.
Zapadera za chisamaliro Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengoyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi malo omwe amabzalidwa. Mwachitsanzo kumpoto kwa Russia Mbewu zimabzalidwa kasupe kokha, komanso ku Ukraine, yomwe imadziwika ndi nthaka yake yobiriwira, mtengo susowa kudyetsa bwino. Komanso zosavuta ndi chisamaliro cha yamatcheri ku Moscow dera.
Koma sitiyenera kuiwala - ngati tikufuna kulandira mlingo wokwanira wa zokolola m'munda - ndikofunikira kudziŵa zina mwachinsinsi zowusamalira.
Zosamalidwa zosamalira yamatcheri
Momwe mungadulire chitumbuwa chokoma
Kuchita kudulira kwa chitumbuwa chokoma Chofunika chifukwa kukula kwa thunthu ndi nthambi ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse zovuta zomwe zimadzetsa panthawi yokolola. Mu zaka 5 zoyambirira zitatha Ndikofunika kufupikitsa nthawi yayitali mpaka 50 cm, ndipo mwapang'onopang'ono kumalo otsetsereka a nthambi (makamaka makilogalamu 45 mpaka 50), chifukwa nkhuni za yamatcheri zimakhala zofooka ndipo nthambi zikaphuka, makungwawo amatha kuwonongeka mu zigawo zazikulu za thunthu.
Main ziphuphu nthambi mphamvu kwambiri, kuti apangidwe korona ndikwanira kuchoka pa zidutswa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magawo atatu a nthambi. Chaka chimodzi atangopanga nthambi yapamwamba, woyendetsa pakati ayenera kudula. Masamba osakaniza amapangidwa pamagulu awiri apansi a nthambi omwe ali ndi malo otsika. Mukhoza kupereka malo otsetsereka ndi kumangiriza.
Pali mitundu itatu yokha yochepetsera - Ndizosawerengeka, zongolengedwa komanso zophika. Kwenikweni, mitunduyi imasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha nthambi zomwe zimasiyidwa pambali mwa mtengo. Pamene mawonekedwe a korona wa chitumbuwa amapangidwa, kudulira kumachitika molingana ndi ndondomeko yachizolowezi ya mitengo ya zipatso - zouma, zowonongeka kapena nthambi zakale zimachotsedwa m'chaka, ndipo nthambi zomwe zimakula pang'onopang'ono kapena kulenga kwambiri korona.
Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti chitumbuwacho sichikuda kwambiri ngati mitengo ina ya zipatso, choncho imatha popanda kupatulira. Zonse mabala pa mtengo Onetsetsani kuti mukuchiritsidwa ndi phula la munda ndipo muli ndi utoto kapena mafuta odzola, chifukwa yamatcheri amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi, zomwe zingachititse matenda kapena imfa ya mtengo.
Ndibwino kwambiri kudyetsa mtengo wa chitumbuwa
Ngati mwadzipereka kuti mupeze zambiri ndi zokongola zokolola, ndiye ndithudi muyenera kusamalira kudyetsa munda wanu. Ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale lofanana mofanana ndi mchere komanso zinthu zina. Pakuti mizu ya mtengo ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito zovala zamadzi, chifukwa youma ingawononge mkhalidwe wa mtengo. Kamodzi katatu zaka zoumbala, nthaka imakumbidwa ndi kuwonjezera 8kg organic feteleza - ikhoza kukhala yovunda kapena kuyaka zitovu za nkhuku.
Mwatsopano organic Sungagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa ikhoza kuwotcha mizu ya mtengo, kuphatikizapo feteleza watsopano amawonongeka motalika kwambiri pansi, choncho sangathe kukwaniritsa cholinga chake nthawi. Manyowa a azitrogeni, mumadzimadzi, amathirira pamtengo kumayambiriro a masika ndi pakati pa chilimwe, akhoza kukhala ammonium nitrate, komanso ammonium sulphate.
Manyowa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu Thandizani kuti mtengo wokonda kutentha umve mosavuta kuti ukhalebe m'nyengo yoziziritsa, choncho amathire nthaka mu kugwa. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mchere umenewu kumawonjezera shuga mu zipatso ndi 25%. Manyowa amenewa amaphatikizapo superphosphates, potashi mchere, buckwheat phulusa, yomwe imakhalanso wolemera mu mandimu - chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha yamatcheri pa fruiting nthawi. Mtengo ndi mtundu wa feteleza zimasiyana malinga ndi nthaka. Motero, zinanenedwa kuti feteleza wamchere ndi ofunikira kwambiri ndipo ndi othandiza ku dothi la mchenga, pamene feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza sizingatheke.
Moyenera kuthirira yamatcheri
Yamatcheri, zina kuthirira m'chilimwe komanso pamaso pachisanu. Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa amalangiza kuthirira koyamba kugwira pamaso pa maluwa a mtengo, chifukwa pa ukufalikira kwa maluwa silimbikitsidwa kuchita izi - mtengo ukhoza kukhetsa ovary. Chotsatira chotsatira kangapo m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira madzi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira - pamene kukumba kwa nsonga yapafupi, chitumbuwa chimatsanulira mochuluka ndi madzi (ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira 100 pa mtengo wamkulu) kuti mutenge nthaka ndi chinyezi. Mutatha kuthirira Ndizofunika kuti mumveke pamzere wozungulira. Muyenera kudziwa kuti chitumbuwa sichikufuna chinyezi chambiri, kotero pamene mubzala, ndi bwino kulingalira za kuya kwa madzi.
Chifukwa Kutsekemera kokoma kwa chisanu kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kwambiri frosts ngakhale mizu akhoza kufa, m'pofunika kuti mosamala kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira.
Komanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za autumn kubzala yamatcheri
Njira zabwino zotetezera munda kuchokera ku tizirombo
Kuyamba m'munda woyera masamba onse ogwa ndi nthambi zowonongeka zomwe ziyenera kutenthedwa. M'magwa akugwa ndi zowonongeka zina ziri ndi mikangano yambiri ya matenda osiyanasiyana omwe munda wathu umatha kuchiza. Pambuyo kukumba dera likuchitika, kotero kuti mphutsi za tizirombo zonse zomwe talowa mu hibernation zinawonongedwa ndi chisanu.
Zaka zoposa 200 zapitazo, zinadziwika kuti mitengo yoyera ndi mandimu, ndi kosavuta kulekerera kwambiri chisanu kusiyana ndi chithandizo. Komanso, Limu loyera imateteza mtengo kuti usatenthe dzuwa - dzuŵa litalowa, nyengo yozizira imakhala ndi dontho lakutentha, lomwe kukongola kwathu sikungathe kulekerera, komanso kumapha mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasiyidwa pamphuno ya mtengo ndi tizilombo.
Mitengo yaing'ono imakhala yoyera choko yankho, chifukwa laimu akhoza kuwononga khungu lawo lofookabe.
Zoonadi kutero kukulunga zipangizo zotentha. Zitha kukhala zojambula zosiyanasiyana, nthambi zapafupi, pine ndi nthambi za spruce, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti mzerewo ukhale wozungulira. Miyesoyi ndi yofunikira osati kokha kuti tipeze chisanu, komanso kuteteza mtengo ku tizirombo zazikulu. Mizu ya mtengo imateteza kutentha kwakukulu kwa chisanu, koma chipale chofewa chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuchokera ku nthambi, chifukwa nkhuni za yamatcheri zimakhala zofooketsa, ndipo zowonongeka kwa nthambi zimatheka chifukwa cha kulemera kwake.
Ambiri tizirombo toopsa pakuti yamatcheri akhoza kukhala mbalame zomwe zimatha kumera pafupifupi mbewu yonse kuchokera kumagulu otseguka, osatetezedwa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kukongola uku akutchedwa mtengo wa mbalame, mbalame zimakonda kwambiri, choncho zimakhala zosatheka kuteteza, mtengo umene uli wamatali kwambiri, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zotetezera (zozizwitsa zowoneka bwino, zojambulajambula, zinyama, zinyama, etc.). Zonsezi zimangowonjezera mantha otsutsa okakamiza kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Nthawi zina wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito chophimba makoka a nkhunizomwe ndi zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito - chiyero chotetezera choterechi chingakuthandizeni kusunga nthawi yanu yokolola. Imodzi mwa tizilombo tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timayesedwa ngati tizilombo tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi aphid, kuwononga masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mtengo, mzere, mphutsi zomwe zimadya zipatso kuchokera mkati. Kuteteza mtengo ku tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito Njira za IntaVir ndi InsegarMitengo yokhazikika.
M'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja, m'pofunikira kukonza mtengo Bordeaux osakaniza, zomwe zidzateteza matenda a m'munda ndi moniliosis kapena nkhungu yakuda, coccomycosis ndi nodules. Musanagwiritse ntchito koyenera muyenera kuyeretsa mtengo kumadera onse oonongeka ndi matenda (masamba, nthambi, zipatso).
Popeza chitumbuwa chokoma ndi mtengo wosabala zipatso, panthawi yomwe udabzala ndikufunikira kupanga munda kuti mitundu 2 mpaka 3 ikhalepo chifukwa cha pollination. Komanso, mitengo yamtengo wa chitumbuwa ndi yabwino kwambiri, ngati nthawi yake yakucha ikugwirizana ndi chitumbuwa.
Ndi bwino kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mwinamwake iye sangakhale nayo nthawi yozuzira chisanu chisanathe. Malo okwera pansi ayenera kukhala okonzekera kugwa. Kuti muchite izi, yeretsani malowa kuchokera kwa namsongole ndi zinyalala, tsanulirani mitsuko 2 ya humus kumalo otsekedwa pansi pa dzenjelo, kusakanikirana ndi nthaka ndikuisiya mpaka masika.
M'chaka mu dzenje lomwelo kuwonjezera superphosphate ndi phulusa, ndipo onse akusokonezeka. Palibe njira sangathe kuikidwa m'manda mmera pansi, mizu yake mizu ikadzala ikhale masentimita asanu pamwamba pa nthaka. Popeza chitumbuwa chokoma ndi mtengo waukulu, mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo uyenera kukhala mamita atatu.
