Mitundu yambiri yamatcheri oterewa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi kholo lake - lokoma kwambiri "Pink Bryansk", koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu.
Ndipo ngati mwasankha kubzala chitumbuwa chokoma pa chiwembu chanu, nkofunika kudziwa zonse za zipatso, mtengo, mphukira, ubwino ndi zovuta za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Choncho, talingalirani mwatsatanetsatane zosiyanasiyana za "Revna" ndikuphunzira za zomwe zimabzala mbande ndi mtengo wake.
"Revna". Zinsinsi za chikondi wamaluwa pamasamba osiyanasiyana
Monga tanenera kale, Revna cherry cherry ndi ofanana mosiyanasiyana monga Bryansk Pink. Zinali kuchokera ku mbande zake kuti zodabwitsa za "Revna" zimapezeka, zomwe anthu ambiri amakondedwa lero. Kuyambira mu 1994, ilo linalowetsedwa mu zolembera za mitengo ya zipatso zosiyanasiyana ku Russia, malinga ndi malo osiyana siyana omwe amapita ku Central Central. Komabe, kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala kovuta. Kuti ndikuuzeni chifukwa chake.
Tsatanetsatane wa zochitika za chitumbuwa zipatso "Revna"
Zipatso za zosiyanasiyana omwe amadziwika ndi kukula kwake. Kulemera kwao kuli pafupifupi magalamu 4.7, ndipo mtengo wake waukulu ndi 7.7. Maonekedwe a zipatsowo ndi ozungulira, kutalika kwake ndi mamitamita 19, m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi 20, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 19. Ali ndi chingwe chachikulu komanso pamwamba, zomwe zili ndi dothi loyera pamunsi pake.
Khungu ndi lolimba kwambiri. Mtundu wa yamatcheri ndi wamdima wofiira, womwe umapangitsa iwo kukhala wakuda panthawi yochotsedwa ndi wogula. Choncho, zipatsozo zimakhala zokongola kwambiri.
Pulp Komanso ali ndi mdima wofiira, kapangidwe kake ndi kofiirira komanso kowuma. Madzi ndi mdima wofiira, wodzaza. Kukoma kwake ndi kokoma kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito tasters, iwo analandira pafupifupi mphambu - 4.9 mwa 5. Pakuti 12,6% a shuga, omwe ali mu 100 magalamu a zipatso, kokha 0,3% ya acids kugwa. Mavitamini C omwe ali ndi zipatso zofanana ndi 13.3 mg.
Mwalawu uli ndi chitumbuwa chokoma kwambiri, pafupifupi 5.2% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwa mabulosi. Misa ya masentimita pafupifupi ndi 0.29 magalamu. Ndi yofiirira kwambiri mu mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi pamwamba komanso pamwamba. Makhalidwe abwino ndi kuti fupa lapatukana kwambiri ndi zamkati.
Kokoma yamatcheri okoma ali ndi kutalika kwa kutalika ndi makulidwe. Icho chimachokera pa chipatso mosavuta, popanda kutulutsa zamkati.
Kugwiritsira ntchito zipatso kungakhale kwamba. Ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe atsopano, chifukwa mawonekedwewa ali ndi chidwi kwambiri komanso zinthu zothandiza. Komabe, jams ndi zosungirako zimakhalanso zabwino, sizikusowa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Zizindikiro zosiyana za mtengo
Mtengo, komanso ya yamatcheri a Pink Rosansk, ndi a kukula kwake. Zimakula mofulumira kwambiri. Maonekedwe a korona wa mtengo ndi pyramidal ndi makonzedwe a nthambi zomwe zimagwirizana ndi thunthu: zimapanga mbali yaikulu. Crown thickening ndiyomweyi. Pafupifupi zipatso zonse zimapangidwa pa nthambi za mtengo, ndipo ndi 20 peresenti yokha chifukwa cha chaka chimodzi.
Mtengo umayamba kubala chipatso ali ndi zaka zisanu (ndiko kuti, pambuyo pa zaka 5 kuchokera pamene mukudzala mmera pa malo osatha a kukula). Mu nthawi ya maluwa mtengo umalowa pakati pa May, zipatso zimayamba kucha m'mawa, kumapeto kwa June, oyambirira July. Kukololazomwe mwazidzidzidzi zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku hekita imodzi ya zipatso za zipatso za Cherry "Revny", zofanana ndi anthu okwana 73. Mtengo wapamwamba ndi anthu 100 pa hekitala.
Cherries "Revna"
Akuwombera makamaka molunjika, ukulu wakupakati. Mtundu wawo ndi bulauni. Mphukira zazikulu zimapangidwa pa mphukira. Mu nyengo yosamalidwa, masambawa ndi ovoid, ndipo mumapanga, ovoid. Masambawo amapangidwa kwakukulu kwambiri ndi omveka. Maonekedwe a mthunzi - ovoid, ojambula mu kuwala kobiriwira. Inflorescences ali ndi maluwa 4, osati atatu, monga momwe ziliri ndi mitengo yambiri ya chitumbuwa.
Maluwawo ndi ofiira kukula, woboola maonekedwe. Miphika ya maluwa imayikidwa mosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake, popanda kugwira. Mtundu wa pamakhala woyera. Chikho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a galasi popanda kutsekemera. Mitengo yamaluwa ndi pistils ndi yaitali kwambiri.
Makhalidwe abwino a Revna cherry cherry zosiyanasiyana
Zipatso za kalasi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri mwa mawonekedwe ndi maonekedwe, komanso mu makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa cha peyala yakuda yamatcheri okoma, ndi oyenera kuyenda paulendo wautali. Mitengo imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri kutentha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chisanu si woopsa ngati mtengo, ndi maluwa masamba nthawi ya kasupe frosts.
Ndipotu, tsinde ndi maziko a nthambi sizimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. Ndiponso, kutentha kwakukulu kwa chisanu kumatchulidwa. Ngakhale mtengo utatha nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mtengowo unadabwa ndi mfundo zokwana 0.4 okha. Impso zoopsa za chisanu zingakhudze momwe zingathere ndi 17%. Matenda a fungal samadziwika pa zosiyanasiyana za yamatcheri okoma.
Zoipa za mitundu ya chitumbuwa
Komabe, kulima ndiko pafupifupi kudzichepetsa. Ndi zokhazokha, zokolola ndi 5% zokha. Pofuna kupitirizabe kupalasa mtengo, tikulimbikitsanso kubzala mitundu ina pamodzi ndi Revna cherries. Chabwino, izi zosiyanasiyana zimachokera ku "Ovstuzhenka", "Raditsy", "Venyaminova", "Tyutchevka", "Compact", komanso yamatcheri a Iput.
Kubzala yamatcheri pa chiwembu chanu - malamulo oyambirira
Kusankha nthawi ya chaka chodzala mbande
Kuti chitumbuwacho chitenge mizu, chiyenera kubzalidwa masika. Ndipotu, ngakhale mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa pachaka umakhala ndi mphukira yaitali kwambiri. Komabe, mphukirayi imakhala yotentha kwambiri ndipo pali mwayi waukulu kuti sangathe kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti m'nyengo yozizira madzi onse kuchokera ku nthambi zoonda ndi mazira, ndipo mizu yomwe siinayambe mizu itatha kubzala, sizingatheke kuzipereka kwa nthambi.
Spring kubzala kwa yamatcheri amatenga masiku angapo nthaka itatha thawed. Kuonjezera apo, musamangidwe ndi kuyendetsa - ngati sapling yatha kuphuka pa tsamba loyamba la kukula, sizingathe kukhazikika pazatsopano.
Ndi malo ati abwino omwe mungasankhe kuti chitumbuwa chokoma?
Kusankha malo ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri musanadzalemo yamatcheri. Pambuyo pake, mtengo uwu ukufuna kwambiri kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi kuwala. Tsabola yamtengo wapatali sichimalola kuzizira kwa kumpoto kwa mphepo. Choncho, tenga mapiri otsetsereka, kumene mpweya wozizira ulibe mwayi wochuluka. Komanso, pofuna kukula bwino ndi kukula kwa zipatso za chitumbuwa chokometsera, ndikofunika kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi kuwala kochuluka momwe zingathere. Choncho, kubzala kuli koyenera kwambiri kumalo akum'mwera kwa malowa, osati nyumba zomangirira ndi mitengo ina.
Timasankha nthaka yoyenera kubzala
Koposa zonse, chitumbuwa chokoma chimakula ndi kubala zipatso pazomera zachonde ndi dothi la mchenga wa mchenga. Ngati mutha kutenga bwino mtundu uwu - simungathe kudandaula za kudyetsa yamatcheri m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira mutabzala.
Nthaka yomweyo dothi, mchenga ndi mvula sizinakonzedwe chifukwa chodzala yamatcheri. Inde, ngakhale kuti mtengo uwu umakonda chinyezi, nthawi yayitali yochulukirapo ndipo kusowa kwa mphepo kungangowonongeka mmera. Pankhani ya dothi la mchenga, ngakhale kuthirira mobwerezabwereza sikuthandiza mtengo.
Ngati dothi lapaweti lanu silili loyenerera, vutoli lingakonzedwe mwa kusakanikirana wina ndi mzake. Kuphika kumawonjezeredwa ku dothi lachinyontho, ndi mchenga - ku dongo. Musaiwale za feteleza mosamala kwambiri.
Kodi mbewu yabwino kwambiri ndi iti?
Pakati pa achinyamata mbande za "Revna" zotsekemera zokoma, onse a chaka chimodzi ndi zaka ziwiri ali oyenerera. Komabe, mfundo ziwiri izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- Kupezeka kwa malo ochizira katemera wa scion, womwe udzaonetsetse kuti chitukuko chokoma chomwe mukufuna kukula chikukula. Sipling yopanda katemera adzapangidwa kuchokera ku mwala ndipo mwachiwonekere adzakula monga chipululu, osati mtengo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Mizu yabwino kwambiri. Mizu iyenera kukhala yamoyo osati youma, mwinamwake sapling sichidzatha. Ngati mutawona mizu youma pamera, ikani maola 6 mpaka 10 musanayambe kubzala.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yochedwa yakucha yamatcheri.
Gawo lalikulu la kubzala chitumbuwa
Kuti musaiwale chilichonse chofunika mukadzala yamatcheri pa tsamba lanu, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muzitsatira malangizo otsatirawa:
- Timakumba dzenje msanga. Kuthira kwake kuyenera kukhala masentimita 60, m'lifupi - 70. Ife tikumba mtengo pansi pa dzenje, komwe tidzamangiriza mmera mutabzala (ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa mtengo ndi mtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera pamenepo).
- Pansi pa dzenje timagona pamwamba pa nthaka, kuphatikizapo ndowa zitatu za kompositi. Ife timatsanulira kunja kuti tipange tchire, tizilumikizane ndi kutsanulira ina osati mthunzi wambiri wothira nthaka.
- Ife timabzala mtengo, kuwongolera mizu yake pamwamba pa chitunda. Onetsetsani kuti mzere wa mizu umatuluka pamwamba pa 5-7 masentimita.
- Pang'onopang'ono kugona tulo mpaka theka. Timaletsa nthaka ndikutsanulira 1 chidebe cha madzi.
- Mosakayikira mudzaze dzenje lonse, kamodzinso mosamala ndi mofatsa pamodzi nthaka. Timapanga hillock kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi pamtengo wa mmera - zidzasunga chinyezi.
- Muzimasuka madzi mmera, pogwiritsira ntchito ndowa ziwiri zamadzi (malingana ndi chinyezi cha dothi). Nthaka kuzungulira thunthu iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi humus kapena peat.
- Timamangiriza mmera pamtengo, umene tinathamangira mu dzenje ngakhale adakumbidwa.
- Kenaka nthawi zonse yang'anani momwe mbeuyo ikuyendera ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kubwereza madzi. Dyetsani chitumbuwa chokoma kupatulapo kompositi, yomwe imabweretsedwa pansi pa dzenje, siyenerayo ayi. Ngati dothi silili lachonde kwambiri, mukhoza kupanga feteleza monga superphosphate ndi nitrate. Mulimonsemo simungathe kupanga urea (nayitrojeni), ikhoza kungowononga chitumbuwa chokoma. Muzisamba m'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala.
Kusamalira bwino chitumbuwa "Revna"
Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndi yamatcheri ndiwo maziko a zokolola zambiri. Choncho, muyenera kumvetsera kwambiri mtengowu, nthawi zonse muzidyetsa ndikuwuteteza ku matenda osiyanasiyana komanso nyengo yovuta. Koma mosasamala kanthu za mikhalidwe ndi zozizwitsa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse azikumba nthaka pamtengo wa chitumbuwa kuti mpweya wokwanira ufikire mizu.
Yamatcheri okoma - Ndiyenera kumwa madzi nthawi zingati?
Kuthirira chikondi cha chitumbuwa ndi zokolola zake zidzadalira pa iwo. Choncho, kuthirira kawirikawiri sikuyenera kupitirira 1 nthawi pa mwezi. Mwachidziwikire, izo zidzalamulidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo ndi chinyezi cha nthaka. Nthaŵi zina mvula yambiri imayenera kukumba mitsuko yowonjezera, yomwe idzadzipezera madzi owonjezera. Komabe, nthawi yamvula, kuthirira nthawi zina kumawonjezeka mpaka 4 pa mwezi.
Kudyetsa chitumbuwa
Dyetsani yamatcheri okoma, komanso mtengo uliwonse wamwala, umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito urea, phosphorus ndi superphosphateskomanso mandimu (calcium) ndi potaziyamu. Koma chovala chabwino kwambiri cha mtengo umenewu mosakayikira chinavunda manyowa. Koma simuyenera kuwonjezera pa feteleza - kudyetsa nthawi zonse ndi humus kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa zaka 2-3. N'zotheka kuchita pamwamba kuvala onse m'chaka, ndi kugwa, kubweretsa feteleza pansi pa kukumba.
Kudyetsa chakudya chabwino kwambiri organic fertilizers komanso mineralchifukwa amafunikanso ndi mtengo ndipo amathamanga mofulumira kwambiri. Makamaka, kale chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, chitumbuwa chokoma chimamera m'midzi
itroy ndi ammonium sulphate. Pa 1 m2 sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa magalamu 25 a feteleza awa.
Ndi bwino kutsanulira nthaka ndi nitrate mmagulu angapo - musanayambe maluwa pamene mukumba dothi, mutatha maluwa komanso patapita milungu iwiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kutchulidwa pamwamba kumagawidwa magawo atatu.
Kugwa, superphosphates ndi potaziyamu muli ndi feteleza zimalowa m'nthaka. Ndi m'dzinja zomwe zimayambitsidwa chifukwa kusungunula kwawo kumatenga nthawi yayitali, motero udzayamba kudyetsa mizu panthawi yopuma. Pa 1m2, musagwiritsire ntchito magalamu 80 a superphosphate, pafupifupi 40 magalamu 40% a potaziyamu mchere. Mtengo wa phulusa umakula bwino pa kukula kwa mtengo, umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka mochuluka kuposa 300 magalamu pa 1m2.
Kodi mungathandizire bwanji yamatcheri m'nyengo yozizira?
Kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira ndi kofunikira kwambiri kukumba bwino nthaka ndi kuthirira madzi. Momwemo, mizu osati m'nyengo yozizira yokha ikhoza kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, komanso madzi okwanira omwe amawathandiza kuti azidyetsa chisanu.
Phulusa Ndikofunika kuphimbidwa ndi chisanu ndi kumangirizidwa
Nthambi za spruce kuteteza chitumbuwa chokoma ku makoswe. Ngati munapanga zowonongeka za nthambizo - onetsetsani kuti mutenga malo onse odulidwa ndi mkuwa sulphate. Komanso, mtengowo uyenera kumangiriridwa pamtengo kuti usagwedezeke kuchokera kumphepo ndi kulemera kwake kwa chisanu.
Matenda a Cherry ndi tizirombo - momwe tingamenyane?
Zovuta za chitetezo ku matenda opweteka a chitumbuwa "Revna" sizowona. Pambuyo pake, mtengo suwonekera ku matenda oterowo. Komabe, ngati pali mitengo yambiri m'munda ndipo chaka sichinali choyenera kwambiri kumunda, mtengo uliwonse ukhoza kudwala matenda. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale popanda chifukwa, ndiyetu samalirani yamatcheri ndi kukonzekera konsekonse chifukwa cha mitengo yamwala. Kupopera mbewu kuyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe maluwa, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, mutatha maluwa a chitumbuwa.
Mukawona tizilombo tonse pamtengo, masamba kapena zipatso (ntchentche za chitumbuwa zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pa yamatcheri), ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yowatetezera ndiyo kusankha munthu kuti asamamwe mtengo ndi zokonzekera zapadziko lonse.
Kudulira kwa chitumbuwa chokoma
Choyamba ali kale pa mtengo wamtengo umodzi wa chitumbuwa ndipo amadalira mtundu wa nthambi ndi cholinga chomwe mlimiyo amachitira. Ngati mukufuna kupeza kukula kwakukulu kwa mphukira pambali pambali - nthambi ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi ¼. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mphukira yothamanga mu 50-60 º - muyenera kudula theka la mphukira.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya kukula kwa mphukira imatha, amatha kuyamba fruiting mofulumira. Mphukira zambiri zimachepetsedwa ngati akufuna kupulumuka ku mbali yoyenera ndikuwapatsa kukula kwakukulu.
M'tsogolomu, muyenera kuyang'anira kukula kwa uniform kwa nthambi ndi chitsogozo cha kukula kwawo. Ngati nthambi kapena nthambi zingapangitse ena kukula, ndiye kuti zifupikitsidwe mobwerezabwereza komanso molimbika kwambiri (koma osadulidwa). Timagwiritsa ntchito zomwezo kwa nthambi ndi mphukira, zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwawo pakati pa korona wa chitumbuwa.
Nthambi zonse zofooka ndi zoonongeka zimafunikanso kuchotsedwa, popeza sizikupindulitsani inu kapena mtengo. Pambuyo kudulira, amatenthedwa pamodzi ndi masamba ogwa.
