Mabulosi sangathe kudzitama ndi kukula kwake kwa zipatso zawo, monga zipatso zake zamwala.
Komabe, pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yokoma, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi intraspecific.
Zina mwa izo, ndi bwino kukumbukira zosiyanasiyana "Krupnoplodnaya" lokoma chitumbuwa, dzina limene limalankhula lokha.
Tidzakambirana za zinthu zomwe zili pansipa.
Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana. Zipatso, mtengo, mphukira ndi ubwino waukulu
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ubongo wa ntchito yautali kwambiri ya odzera Chiyukireniya, omwe anadzakhala M.T. Oratovsky ndi mnzake N.I. Turovtsev. Asayansi anatenga "Napoleon Belaya" chitumbuwa, chomwe chinapereka mwapadera kwambiri makhalidwe onse a "Large-fruited", monga maziko a kuswana. Kwa "Napoleon" yoyambitsa mungu imagwiritsa ntchito mungu wosiyanasiyana wa mitundu yamatcheri okoma, pakati pawo "Valery Chkalov", "Elton" ndi "Jabule".
Kubwerera mu 1983, mitundu yatsopano idakondwera ndi malo pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chiwerengero cha Zomera za Chiyukireniya. Lero, chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi zipatso zokolola, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagawidwa pafupifupi pafupifupi gawo lonse la kum'mwera ndi pakati pa Russia.
Zizindikiro zosiyana za chipatso
Motero, kulemera kwa zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 10,4 mpaka 12 magalamu. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 18 magalamu. Chizindikiro choterocho sichipezeka pakati pa mitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma. Maonekedwe a zipatsowa ndi ozungulira, okongola kwambiri, omwe amawagwiritsira ntchito kugulitsa.
Yamatcheri ali mdima wofiira mu mtundu wawo, koma osati zonse zofanana ndi zipatso za "Zosiyanasiyana Black". Iwo amadziwika ndi owonda, koma wandiweyani kwambiri, zipatso za zipatso, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukwanira kwa zipatso zoyendetsa pamtunda wautali. Ndiponso, khungu limatha kukhala losiyana ndi zamkati, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi losalala kwambiri.
Thupi ndilofanana ndi khungu. Madzi ndi mdima wofiira. Mapangidwe a zamkati ndi owopsa komanso owometsana, karotila. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndi chabwino kwambiri. Kukoma kwake kumakhala kokoma ndi kowawasa, kuunika kwa akatswiri ndi 4.6 mwa 5. Mwala wa chipatsocho ndi waukulu ndithu, koma uli pafupi kuthetsa chipatso.
Zipatso za mtundu uwu wa chitumbuwa zipsepesa nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi mu theka lachiwiri la June. Mukhoza kuzigwiritsa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Oyenera kudya mwatsopano mwachindunji chakudya, ndi kukonzekera iwo compotes.
Kufotokozera za mtengo ndi kukula kwake
Mtengo wachikulire ndi wobala zipatso wa Krupnoplodnaya chitumbuwa chosiyanasiyana ndi wa kukula kwapakati. Kukula kwa mtengo kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri, ngati mutabzala pa webusaitiyi pamodzi ndi mitundu yambiri ya yamatcheri okoma, ndi chaka chachinayi chidzakhala patsogolo pa oyandikana nawo mu kukula kwake. Mitengo ya mtengo umenewu imakhala yozungulira (pokhapokha ngati mlimi akufuna kupanga china). Nthambi zikuluzikulu, zomwe zili ndi chigoba, zimayimilidwa ndi zing'onozing'ono, koma ndizolimba kwambiri. Korona inakula mu digiri ya pakati.
Makherisi amapangidwa makamaka pa ziwalo za mtengo monga bouquets ndi increments chaka chatha.
Kuphatikiza pa zipatso zazikulu, zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana ndi kumayambiriro kwa fruiting. Amatha kupereka zokolola zoyamba kumapeto kwa chaka chachinayi mutabzala mmera pamalo osatha.
Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana izi zimabweretsa chaka chilichonse popanda kusokonezeka, ndipo malemba awo amadziwika ngati otsika kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi wobereka zipatso kwa zaka 10, zipatso za 44-56 kilogalamuzo zimakololedwa.
Zofunikira za zosiyanasiyana
Kuwonjezera pakuti mtengo chaka chilichonse ukhoza kubweretsa zipatso zochuluka za zipatso zazikulu, ndizothandiza kwambiri pambali zina. Pambuyo pake, Krupnoplodnaya Cherry Cherry ali mkulu kukana otsika kutentha. Komanso, mtengowu umalekerera chilala, chomwe sichisonyezedwa pa zipatso zake. Sikofunika kwambiri kunthaka, sizingakhale feteleza nthawi zonse.
Cherry "Krupnoplodnaya" kwenikweni osati okhudza moniliasis. Mtengowu ndi wochepa kwambiri, koma nthawi zina ukhoza kusokonezedwa ndi matenda monga coccomycosis ndi khansa ya bakiteriya ya zomera zamtengo wapatali.
Mwachibadwa, wamaluwa amayamikira mtengo uwu makamaka zazikulu zipatso, zomwe ziri ndi zabwino kukoma.
Kuipa kwa chitumbuwa chokoma "Krupnoplodnaya"
Komabe, mtengowo ndi wosalala. Ngati si mungu wochokera kwa mungu kuchokera kwa yamatcheri ena, zokololazo zidzakhala 5 peresenti. Choncho, tikulimbikitsanso kudzala mitundu ngati "Kudabwa", "Bugarro Oratovsky", "Francis" kapena "Diber Black" pa chiwembu ndi "Krupnoplodnaya" yamatcheri.
Momwe mungabzalitsire sapling lokoma chitumbuwa "Mkulu-fruited"?
Pofuna kubzala choyenera cha mtengo wa chitumbuwa, nkofunika kudziwa osati zokhudzana ndi zosiyana siyana (ngakhale izi ndi zofunikanso), koma komanso za zofunika zofunika kukula kwa chitumbuwa chokoma. Pambuyo pake, kuti mtengo ukhale bwino ndikutha kubala chipatso, umafuna nthaka yabwino ndi kuyatsa bwino, kubzala bwino ndi kwakanthaŵi yake.
Nthawi ndi malo - zingakhale zabwino bwanji "Krupnoplodnaya" chitumbuwa chokoma?
Choyamba, pafupi nthawi ya chaka. Mitengo ya Cherry imakhala ndi mphukira yaitali kwambiri, ngakhale ngati ili ndi chaka chimodzi chokha. Koma kukana chisanu mu mphukirazi ndi kotsika. Ndipo ngati mtengo wotere umabzalidwa mu kugwa, umangozizira, monga madzi onse omwe ali mu nkhuni amaundana. Koma kasupe chitumbuwa chobzala m'masika chidzakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezereka kwa nthaka yatsopano ndikupereka madzi oyenera ku mphukira ndi nthambi.
Koma kupatula izo Cherry lokoma imabzalidwa kasupe - Ndikofunika kuti tisachedwe ndi ntchitoyi. Kulima sapling ndi kofunikira mpaka mitengo yonse ya m'munda iyamba kukula panthawi yokula. Momwemo, ziyenera kukhala nthawi mwamsanga mutatha kudula nthaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, dziko likadzayamba kukumba - kutenga fosholo ndikuyamba kukonza dzenje.
Ntchito yachiwiri yofunikira yomwe mukufunika kuchita musanadzale chitumbuwa chokoma ndi kusankha malo abwino. Cherry imakhala yotengeka kwambiri ndi mpweya wozizira komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa. Choncho, sankhani malo otsetsereka a kum'mwera ndipo musakhale ndi chomera chokoma kwambiri m'madzi otsika kwambiri. Kuti mtengo ukhale ndi dzuwa lokwanira, uwulani pa mbali ya dzuwa ya chiwembu.
Ndikofunika kuti mthunzi wa nyumba zomanga nyumba, nyumba kapena mitengo ina isagwe. Dziwani kuti pamene mutayika munda, mtunda wa pakati pa mabulosi awiri mumzere womwewo uyenera kukhala wopanda mamita atatu (ngati tikulankhula za mitengo yayikulu ngati yamtengo wapatali). Pa nthawi yomweyi, pakati pa mizere ya chitumbuwa chokwera mtunda ayenera kukhala pafupifupi mamita asanu.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa dothi lodzala lokoma chitumbuwa "Krupnoplodnaya"
Mtundu wotere wa chitumbuwa osati makamaka zovuta panthaka, komabe sizingamere mu dothi lachonde. Ndibwino kuti mupindule mu nthaka yachonde yomwe imakhala ndi madzi komanso mpweya wabwino. Choncho, dongo kapena nthaka yamtunda sizingakhale mphunzitsi wabwino wa madzi ndipo adzachigwira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Izi zingayambitse mizu ya mtengo. Nthaka ya mchenga idzakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukula kwa mtengo, chifukwa zidzakhala zouma kwambiri kwa yamatcheri okoma.
Koma nthaka simungakhale yotani, mukufunikira kuyisamalira nthawi zonse, kuzimba (kuti ikhale yodzaza ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya), ndi kulamulira chinyezi. Kumbukirani kuti Madzi apansi sayenera kukhala apamwamba kusiyana ndi mamita 1.5. Ikhoza kuthandizidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe kake ka madzi.
Kodi ndi magulu ati omwe ayenera kumvetsera posankha sapling?
Pakuti chodzala yamatcheri, mungasankhe imodzi, kotero zaka ziwiri za sapling. Chofunika kwambiri, mizu yake ili bwino kwambiri ndipo ilibe vuto lililonse. Nkofunika kwambiri kuti sapling alibe mizu yowuma ndipo sathyoledwa.
Kuonjezera apo, pamsika nthawi zambiri zimatheka kukomana ndi mbande, zosonyeza kuti sizinkalumikizidwa, koma kuchokera ku mwala. Komabe, kuchokera ku mwalawo ndi kovuta kwambiri kukula chimodzimodzi mtundu umene mukufuna. Pambuyo pake, kupyolera kwa mbuto zoterezi zimabweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya mitengo.
Samalani thunthu la mtengo - ziyenera kukhala malo odziwika bwino mu inoculation ya varietal graft cherry "Large-fruited".
Momwe mungabzalitsire sapling chitumbuwa "Krupnoplodnaya"
Tanena kale pamwamba pa zomwe mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo uyenera kukhala. Choncho, pokonzekera maenje ndi kofunika kuti musaiwale za izo. Pitani liyenera kukhala lachiwiri mozama komanso lakuya kuposa mizu, popeza kuchuluka kwa feteleza kuyenera kuikidwa pansi. Momwemo, theka la dzenje lamadzazidwa ndi kompositi wothira nthaka (kuchuluka kwa kompositi ayenera kukhala pafupifupi ndowa zitatu).
Chomeracho chimagwiridwa ndi dothi, zomwe feteleza sizinapangidwenso ... Komanso, mtengo wolimba ndi wautali uyenera kukumbidwa pansi pa dzenje, chifukwa chitumbuwa ali wamng'ono sichikhala ndi tsinde lamphamvu lomwe lingathe kuonongeka ndi mphepo ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana.
Chotsatira, pitirizani kubzala msanga wa sapling. Asanafike muyenera kuwonanso mizu yake, chifukwa ngakhale yosungirako mosamala kwambiri, vuto lililonse lingayambitse mizu. Pachifukwa ichi, mmerawu umayikidwa m'madzi kwa maola 8 mpaka 9, ndipo pambuyo pake amatsikira kudzenje.
Kufalikira bwino mizu pamwamba pa mtunda, umene tinapanga mwa kutsanulira dothi lauberekamo m'dzenje. Pang'onopang'ono mudzaze dzenjelo, ndipo musayese kuwononga mizu, yongolani nthaka. Timatsanulira mu chidebe cha madzi ndikupitiriza kudzaza dzenje ndi dziko mpaka mapeto. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musapange mutu wa neckkopat, ndibwino kuti muzisiye pamwamba pa nthaka, kuti ipite ndi masentimita 4-5.
Atakumba dzenje pansi, amasindikiza pansi ndikumwa madzi bwino. Kwa kuthirira mungagwiritsire ntchito malita 10-20 a madzi. Danga lozungulira thunthu likulumikizidwa. Izi zidzasunga dziko lautali kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kusamalira zosiyanasiyana "Krupnoplodnaya"
The "Krupnoplodnaya" chitumbuwa chokoma, ngakhale kuti amayamikiridwa ndi zokolola zazikulu za zipatso zazikulu, komabe, ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, ubwino wake wonse ukhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala osachepera. Mtengo wa mbeu ukhoza kusokonezedwa ndi madzi osakwanira komanso feteleza, komanso kusakonzekera kozizira ndi kudulira.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za madzi okwanira ndi feteleza?
Kutentha kwa dothiMomwe chitumbuwa chimakula, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse. Kudera la Ukraine ndi Central Central Russia, komanso madera akumwera, mtengo umafuna madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Pamtengo umodzi wa pafupifupi 20-40 malita a madzi amalowetsedwa ndi mwezi umodzi.
Mu wamkulu ndi fruiting okoma chitumbuwa, zofunikila zidzakhala zapamwamba, ndipo kukula kwake koyenera kumafuna pafupifupi 40-60 malita a madzi pa ulimi wothirira. Mwachidziwikire, sizingatheke kuti mvula yambiri imwanike mtengo, ndipo ngati kulibe, n'zotheka kutenga nawo mbali njirayi mpaka 4 pa mwezi.
Kupaka pamwamba sikuyenera kukhala nthawi zonse. Mtengo wawung'ono, kupatula feteleza zokhazikika zomwe zimayambidwa panthawi yobzala, sizidzasowa zina kudyetsa m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira za kukula ndi mtengo usanayambe kufalikira. Chinthu chokha chomwe mungathe kuthirira manyowa m'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala ndi urea, zomwe zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kukula kwake.
Kwa chaka chachitatu, yamatcheri adzafunika nitrate ndi ammonium. Koma ndizoopsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zochuluka kunthaka, kotero osagwiritsa ntchito magalamu 25 pa 1m2. Koma zabwino zidzakhudza kukula kwa yamatcheri ndi mapangidwe zipatso organic fetereza - zowola manyowa. Panthawi yomweyi, simungapange nthawi yoposa 1 zaka zitatu. Chaka chilichonse, pansi pa nthawi yophukira kukumba dziko lapansi pamtengo wa chitumbuwa, n'zotheka kuyambitsa phulusa.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chisanu
Zosiyana zomwe tikukambazi ndizochitikadi Zowonongeka sizoopsa. Ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal mu "Zipatso zazikulu" ndizochepa kwambiri.
Choncho, kuti tipewe kukhuta kwa zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala okonzeka, ndibwino kuti musamapirise mankhwala onse pokhapokha mutakhala wofunikira (pambuyo pake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatcheri kuchokera ku mitundu ina yomwe ili pafupi nayo, chifukwa choipa komanso chosatha mvula kapena chilala, mtengo ukhozanso kudwala matenda).
Pazinthu Kukonzekera chitumbuwa "Krupnoplodnaya" m'nyengo yoziziraPalibe chifukwa chosowa chilichonse. Mtengo uli wozizira-wolimba, koma ngati woyang'anira munda akusamala bwino. Choyamba, muyenera kufufuza mozama nthaka ndi kuthirira madzi mochuluka (ngati nthaka siidana ndi mvula).
Mtengo wachangu m'nyengo yozizira uyenera kumangidwa pamtengo wapadera. Thunthu la mtengo limaphimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa ndipo, pofuna kutetezedwa ku makoswe, kuzungulira ndi denga linamveka. N'zotheka kuteteza mtengo ku makoswe komanso mothandizidwa ndi nthambi ya spruce.
Ndikondweretsanso kuwerenga za machitidwe a kudula yamatcheri.
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali - Kodi mtengo ukudulira mtundu wanji?
Mapangidwe a korona yamatcheri amapezeka mosiyana. Chinthu chokha chomwe chiri chofunikira kwa wolima kuchita ndicho kuyang'anira kukula kwa uniform kwa nthambi zosiyanasiyana ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, kuchepetsani mtsogoleri pang'ono. Kudulira mphukira zomwezo Amachitidwa mofanana ndi mitengo ina ya m'munda - amafupikitsidwa ndi ¼ kapena theka kuti apange zipatso za zipatso.
Komabe, idzayenera kugwedezeka ndi mawonekedwe a korona ngati mtengo unangowonongeka ndipo wophunzitsira wamkuluyo akuvutika. Pachifukwa ichi, woyambitsa wamkulu nthawi yomweyo adzakhala ndi mpikisano wambiri. Ngati aloledwa kukula, pakukula, nthambi zina zotsutsana zimatha kusiya zokolola zambiri.
Choncho, pakati pa ochita mpikisano, sankhani omwe ali ndi kukula kwakukulu ndipo ndi amphamvu pakati pa ena onse.
Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yomweyo mulowetse nthambi zowonongeka ndi zokhudzidwa. Pambuyo pokonza mabala onse akutsatiridwa. Pakuti izi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa sulphate. Ngati kudulira kwachitika mu kugwa, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Komanso, nthambi zonse zodulidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi moto.
