Pamaso pa chochitika chofunika chotere chodzala, choyamba muyenera kudziwa momwe mungayang'anire posankha mphesa.
Choyamba, kufotokoza ngati zoperekedwa zosiyanasiyana zimapereka chaka chilichonse, kodi chipatso ndi chiyani?
Chachiwiri, kodi ukalamba wa mphukira ndi wotani?
Chachitatu, kulingalira za nyengo ya m'dera la tsogolo la munda wamphesa, muyenera kusankha mitundu yosagonjetsedwa.
Chachinayi, kukana chisanu ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa cha zomwe zili pamwambazi, mukhoza kusankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwa ufumu wanu wa mphesa ndipo zidzakondwera ndi zokolola zazikulu, ndipo kuzisamalira zidzakhala zosangalatsa.
Ndipo tiyang'ana mitundu yamphesa yomwe ili pansipa.
A) Arkady
Mitundu ya mphesa Arkady imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya tebulo; imatanthawuza kuphuka koyamba kwa mphesa. Oyenera kukula m'madera akummwera.
Tsiku lofika
Mbande obzalidwa ndi isanayambike autumn, mu September.
Malamulo a kucha
Arcadia imayamba kuphuka mkati mwa masiku 116-123 kuchokera kuwuka pambuyo pa kugona kwa chisanu.
Pereka
Kukolola, ndikutha kunena, sizongokhala zabwino, koma zolemba.
Sakani
Mpesa wa Arkady ndi wokoma kwambiri, wokoma kwambiri muscat. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito popanga kunyumba. Mtundu wa masango okhwima amitundu ya chikasu ndi yoyera, kupita ku hue wonyezimira ndi zipatso zokwanira. Mnofu wa Arcadia ndi wathanzi komanso wamadzi wambiri. Mlingo wa shuga umafikira 15%, osati wowawasa kwambiri.
Zotsatira zofika
Choyamba, akumba dzenje, madzi amadzaza pansi, nthaka yosakaniza ndi zinthu zamchere komanso feteleza, ndiye mbewu zofesedwa zimamwetsedwa.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Kwa Arkady's zosiyanasiyana, chisamaliro chofunika ndi chofunika, popeza ndi njira yoyenera, zokolola zolembera zimatheka. Kudulira moyenerera kuyenera kuchitika: mphukira imodzi ndi yofanana ndi gulu limodzi pa mphesa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafuna feteleza phosphate-potaziyamu, koma ndi nayitrogeni yowonjezeretsa muyenera kudziwa momwe mungayesere. N'zosatheka kuwonjezera.
B) bazhena
Bazhena ndi mphesa yomwe matelo ake amawongolera, amawoneka ngati mazira.
Tsiku lofika
Anabzala mu September, akadali otentha.
Malamulo a kucha
Bwerani mwamsanga kwambiri, pafupi masiku 110.
Pereka
Zokolola zazikulu.
Sakani
Thupi ndiloti lilawe yowutsa mudyo, minofu. Mavitamini ali ndi kukoma kokometsetsa, ali a chikasu. Chiwerengero cha shuga ndichiwerengero.
Zotsatira zofika
Graft cuttings ndi mbande zomwe zili ndi mizu zabzalidwa.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Mphesa, yomwe yaphuka, inadulidwa m'maso 6. Ndikofunika kuchotsa mphukira zofooka. Kuchita njira zothandizira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupanga mchere ndi organic feteleza.
C) Vanyusha
Imeneyi ndi gome la mitundu yambiri ndi tchire lamphamvu.
Tsiku lofika
Angabzalidwe masika ndi autumn, kuyambira May mpaka Oktoba.
Malamulo a kucha
Malingana ndi mawuwa, Vanyusha zosiyanasiyana ndi oyambirira, zokolola zimasonkhanitsidwa mu August.
Pereka
Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zapamwamba komanso zosasinthasintha.
Sakani
Amakonda kwambiri, ndi minofu ndi yowuma. Maonekedwe a zipatso zazikulu ndi ovunda, zoyera, kawirikawiri zachikasu, zipatso siziwotcha dzuwa.
Zotsatira zofika
Kudzala, kubzala mitsuko kukonza ngalande ndi nthaka yosakaniza ndi manyowa ndi feteleza ena, malingana ndi mtundu wa nthaka. Anabzala mbande ndi mizu yotseka. Ndiye chomeracho chimathirira madzi.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Kusamalira kwakukulu ndiko kudulira odwala ndi ofooka a cuttings, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi feteleza nthawi yake, komanso pollination ndi garter zomera.
D) Harold
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yabwino pakati pa mphesa. Oyenera kubzala kumpoto.
Tsiku lofika
Alibe nthawi yoyenera yofika, ingabzalidwe mu kugwa ndi masika.
Malamulo a kucha
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira, kupitirira masiku 95 okha kuchokera pakuwoneka kwa impso zoyambirira mpaka ku kucha kwa masango.
Pereka
Zokolola ndizapamwamba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe magulu ochulukirapo.
Sakani
Harold ali ndi zipatso zazikulu, zofiira, zofiira. Maonekedwe osiyana ndi kukoma kwake kosakanikirana ndi zipatso. Madzi owopsa, owopsa ndi amchere. Zakudya zili ndi shuga zili pamwambapa. Mavitaminiwa ali ndi mafupa.
Zotsatira zofika
Anabzalidwa m'mabowo okonzedwa bwino, monga mitundu ina ya mphesa. Chomera chachikulu chimafuna mpesa wamphesa.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Popeza mphesa zimakhala zowonjezereka, muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse ndi zosafunika. Pamene kudulira kumachotsa pafupifupi inflorescences, ndikusiya khumi ndi awiri okha.
D) Demeter
Mitengo yamtundu wa mitundu yonse, yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lofika
Pezani kuyendetsa kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Malamulo a kucha
Nthawi yakucha ndi pafupifupi masiku 120;
Pereka
Zokolola ndizochepa.
Sakani
Demeter mitundu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zazikulu, zoyera, nthawi zina zachikasu ndi mthunzi wa amber. Chizolowezi chozoloŵera, palibe chodabwitsa, chokoma, zipatso zonse ndi maenje.
Zotsatira zofika
Gwiritsani ntchito bwino kubzala mbande.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Popeza mphesa za Demeter zingathe kuwonjezeka ndi masango, muyenera kulingalira chiwerengero cha masango ndikuwombera.
E) Yesenin
Ndizopangira mphesa, siziwonongeke ndi mavu, zimalowa zaka ziwiri mutabzala mu fruiting.
Tsiku lofika
Kukonzekera kwa autumn, kumapeto kwa September - uwu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.
Malamulo a kucha
Nthawi yokolola zipatso, pafupifupi masiku 125 mpaka 130.
Pereka
Zokolola ndi zokwanira.
Sakani
Kulawa, mphesa zamphesa zimakhala zowutsa, zokoma (zili ndi shuga 18%), mnofu wokhala ndi khungu lofewa. Mtundu - wachizungu-amber, ndi mthunzi wa pinki.
Zotsatira zofika
Kulowera dzenje kumakonzedwa kwa masabata awiri. Onjezerani humus kapena manyowa, ufa wa dolomite, mukhoza kuwonjezera potaziyamu. Mbande zimabzalidwa pa mfundo, zimakula bwino. Pamwamba pamaso atatu.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Mphesa zimafunikira mapangidwe abwino ndi amphamvu, chifukwa kupezeka kwa mitengo yosatha kumabweretsa zokolola zabwino komanso zazikulu. Dulani 6 maso, muyenera kumamatira ku masango ndi ma inflorescences.
G) Peyala Saba
Mphesa zamphesa, zimaswana ndi kuswana ku Hungary.
Tsiku lofika
Anabzala zosowa m'chaka, mu May.
Malamulo a kucha
Yambani kukolola patatha masiku 115 kuchokera pakuonekera kwa Mphukira yoyamba, cha m'ma August.
Pereka
Zokolola ndizochepa.
Sakani
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala Saba zipatso zimakhala zazikulu, mawonekedwe ozungulira, mtundu wobiriwira. Kukoma ndi yowutsa mudyo zipatso, wosakhwima, kukhala ndi fungo labwino la muscat. Ngati kulapa kwakukulu kumawonongeka. Pali mbewu mu zipatso.
Zotsatira zofika
Dothi lakuda loamy dothi ndi loyenera, koma zotsatira zabwino zitha kupezeka pa dothi lakuda. Musanadzalemo, mbande zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi. Chombocho chimakhala ndi feteleza ndi superphosphate ndi salitsi ya potaziyamu.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Chifukwa cha mphesa zotentha, zimafunikira malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira. Kudulira kanthawi kochepa kumachitika, maso okwana 8 amachotsedwa.
H) Kusangalala
Zabava zosiyanasiyana ndi tebulo zosiyanasiyana, ndi zokoma, masango abwino ndi zipatso zazikulu.
Tsiku lofika
Bzalidwa mu Meyi.
Malamulo a kucha
Kutseka koyambirira, masiku 100-110.
Pereka
Zosangalatsa zambiri zimapereka zokolola zambiri.
Sakani
Maonekedwe a zipatsowa ndi ochepa, mtunduwo ndi wakuda buluu. Zipatso zimakonda zokoma, zokhala ndi minofu yambiri, zowonjezera zamkati. Peel ikhoza kudyedwa. Zipatso sizimasweka, zimakhala pamunda wamphesa kwa nthawi yaitali ndikusunga kukoma kwawo. Shuga mu zipatso zimayikidwa bwino.
Zotsatira zofika
Zabava zosiyanasiyana zimabzalidwa pa dothi la chernozem, popeza maluwa aakulu a mphesa amakula kumeneko. Ndi bwino kukula izi zosiyanasiyana pambuyo yozizira ndi udzu wosatha.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Kwa Zabava mphesa, nkofunika kuti nthaka isasunthike, kotero kuti imapuma bwino, ndikuchotsa udzu wosiyanasiyana nthawi yake.
I) Isabella
Mphesa za Isabella ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi ukalamba.
Tsiku lofika
Ndimodzichepetsa, ndizotheka kubzala onse kugwa, komanso m'chaka.
Malamulo a kucha
Kuyambira pachiyambi cha ukufalikira kwa impso kuti wathunthu kusasitsa wa zipatso, 150 masiku kudutsa.
Pereka
Zimatipangitsa kukhala okondwa ndi zokolola zapamwamba ndi zopitirira.
Sakani
Izi ndi mabulosi okoma ndi fungo la strawberries. Nthawi zina amabwera zipatso zakuda. Mnofu wake ndi wamkati pang'ono. Zipatsozo zimaphimbidwa ndi Sera, zimakhala ndi khungu lolimba komanso lokhazikika. Mtundu wa zipatso ndi wakuda. Uphungu ndi wautali.
Zotsatira zofika
Amakula bwino pa nthaka, yachonde. Nestrasna iye ndi mkulu chinyezi. Isabella imakula paliponse, kumadera alionse, kumene imakhala ndi nthawi yakuphuka.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Sakusowa malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira. Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu. Manyowa amapereka pamodzi ndi kukumba.
K) Kadinali
Kusiyana kwa mphesa Kardinala ndi amitundu ya American tablete, yakucha msanga. Maluwa amakula pamwamba pa kutalika kwake.
Tsiku lofika
Ndi bwino kubzala m'chaka, kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale nayo nthawi.
Malamulo a kucha
Ikani masiku 120.
Pereka
Mbewuzo ndi zazikulu, koma nthawi zambiri amabala zipatso.
Sakani
Zosiyanasiyana Kadinali zimatikondweretsa ndi zipatso zazikulu, mawonekedwe ozungulira, mtundu wofiirira. Amakhala ndi ubwino wabwino ndi fungo losasangalatsa la nutmeg. Mnofu wake ndi wowometsera, wathanzi komanso wowawa. Mlingo wa shuga ndiwopambana.
Zotsatira zofika
Ndi bwino kubzala mphesa kumtunda wa kumwera kapena kumwera kwakumadzulo kwa munda kumtunda mchenga kapena chernozems. Akuwombera zipsere sing'anga.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Popeza kuti Kadidine zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi oidium, mildew, imakhala yowawa kwambiri, imayenera kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse. Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi thermophilic, ndi yokutidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
L) Lydia
Akufotokoza mitundu yonse. Dzina lachiwiri ndi Lydia Pink.
Tsiku lofika
Zingabzalidwe mu kugwa ndi kasupe.
Malamulo a kucha
Lydia amatanthauza mitundu yokalamba, pafupifupi masiku 150.
Pereka
Izi ndi zosiyana-siyana zovomerezeka.
Sakani
Pulp zipatso mucous. Khalani ndi kukoma kwa strawberries. Mphesa zimakhala zoperewera ngati mupatsa zipatso zosonkhanitsa kuti azigona pang'ono.
Zotsatira zofika
Atakumba dzenje 70 masentimita ndikuika feteleza mmenemo, mpesa umabzalidwa panthaka yotseguka kasupe, tsiku lotsatira ndikuyamba mizu m'madzi ndi uchi.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Lydia ndi sprayed ndi Bordeaux osakaniza, sikuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Pangani katatu yaitali. Pamene kumasula nthaka nthawi yomweyo amathera ndi pasynkovanie ndi kuthamangitsa. Simungalole kuchuluka kwa tchire.
M) Moldova
Table, sing'anga mochedwa ndi kumapeto kwa mphesa.
Tsiku lofika
Zili bwino bwino mu October.
Malamulo a kucha
Kukula kumayamba masiku 160.
Pereka
Kusiyana mu zokolola zazikulu.
Sakani
Mphuno ya Moldova ndi nyama yambiri komanso yophika. Zipatso zabwino zokoma. Amamva kukoma.
Zotsatira zofika
Kuika munda wa mpesa ku Moldova, ndi bwino kusankha kumwera.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Kumusamalira ndiko kosavuta: kudulira, kupangira chakudya, koma muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho sichikumva chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi.
N) Nina
Mitengo ya mphesa.
Tsiku lofika
Kalasi ya Nina imabzala m'chaka.
Malamulo a kucha
Izi ndi mphesa za nyengo yokolola, pafupifupi zonunkhira kwa masiku 125.
Pereka
Zokolola ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Sakani
Mphesa ndi zazikulu, zokhala ndi minofu ndi yowutsa mudyo, kukoma kumagwirizanitsa, mwapang'ono mokoma, osasaka pang'ono.
Zotsatira zofika
Pansi pa dzenje lakutsetsereka liyenera kumasulidwa padziko lapansi lophatikiza ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Mu kuya kwa dzenje lodzala ndi mulu, ndipo sapling imabzalidwa kumeneko. Kenako agona ndi kuthirira.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Mitengo imafuna malo, dera la zakudya ziyenera kukhala lalikulu. Fufuzani mpesa pamaso asanu ndi awiri. Pa dothi lokhala ndi zinthu zabwino, mphesa ziyenera kumangirizidwa.
O) Choyambirira
Amagwiritsa ntchito mphesa ndi mphesa zazikulu.
Tsiku lofika
Ndi bwino kubzala kumapeto kwa September.
Malamulo a kucha
Nthawi yayitali ya kusasitsa, pafupifupi masiku 140.
Pereka
Kukolola kumabweretsa magawo ndi chaka.
Sakani
Mitengo yamphesa yoyamba ili ndi kukoma kokoma. Peel pamene ukalamba umakhala wochepa. Uphungu ndi wautali. Pulani zipatso pang'ono madzi.
Zotsatira zofika
Anabzala mbande zomwe zimakula mu makapu. Fruiting imayamba zaka ziwiri. Ndikofunika kuyendetsa mtunda pakati pa tchire pafupifupi masentimita 60. Musanayambe ntchito pa kubzala, pangani ngalande yabwino kuti mupewe kuoneka kovunda pa mizu.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Amasowa madzi okwanira: kamodzi pa milungu itatu iliyonse.
P) Memory Variety Negrulya
Iyi ndi mphesa yamatabwa.
Tsiku lofika
Cuttings obzalidwa ndi kufika kwa autumn.
Malamulo a kucha
Ali ndi nthawi yokolola ya masiku 145.
Pereka
Zokolola zazikulu.
Sakani
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Amakonda juicy, mlingo wa shuga ndi asidi zimagwirizana, thupi ndi minofu. Pali mbewu, pafupifupi mbeu zitatu mu mabulosi amodzi.
Zotsatira zofika
Mbande zimayamba kukula mofulumira ndikukula bwino. Amabzala pa chernozems, omwe ali olemera m'nthaka, muyenera kupanga feteleza panthawi yake ndi madzi moyenera.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Mitundu imeneyi iyenera kubisika m'nyengo yozizira. Amafunikanso kupanga ndi kudulira. Kudulira kwachitika mapepala, kusiya maso 40-45 pa chitsamba chimodzi.
R) Ruta
Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya tebulo.
Tsiku lofika
Rutu anabzala m'chaka.
Malamulo a kucha
Mbewu yokolola pambuyo pa miyezi itatu.
Pereka
Zokolola zimakhala pachaka.
Sakani
Zimakonda kukoma, kusangalatsa, kuthamanga kwabwino, nthawi zina kumakhala kowawa pang'ono, kununkhira kwa nutmeg kumamveka.
Zotsatira zofika
Kubzala mitundu Mtundu ndi wosiyana ndi kubzala mitundu ina. Koma, kuti atenge zokolola zambiri, amafunikira malo odyetserako chakudya chachikulu.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Nthaka imakhala yosasunthika, imayenera kusungunuka kuti isunge chinyezi. Kalasi Ruta mu kugwa imayambitsidwa ndi njira yothetsera vitriol ya buluu, ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo imayenera feteleza zina ndi feteleza zamchere.
C) Sofia
Mitundu imeneyi imabzalidwa ndi kuswana, imatanthawuza mphesa zoyamba kucha. Amafuna pollinator, yomwe Arcadia zosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Tsiku lofika
Anabzala pansi mu May kapena mu September.
Malamulo a kucha
Iyamba kuyimba patatha masiku 110.
Pereka
Zimakondweretsa alimi okhala ndi zokolola zapamwamba komanso zosasinthasintha.
Sakani
Mitunduyi ili ndi fungo labwino komanso labwino la mtedza, thupi lake ndi minofu komanso yowutsa mudyo, khungu lofewa.
Zotsatira zofika
Musanadzalemo, mbande zimakonzedwa, kuzifupikitsa mizu ndikuziviika m'madzi, kenako zimathiridwa mudothi ndi dothi ndi manyowa. Bzalidwa mu dzenje lomwe limapindula ndi feteleza, zomera zimathirizidwa.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Chisamaliro ndicho kuchotsa fruiting mipesa kwa masamba 4-6. Muyenera kutsimikiza kuti palibe feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni.
T) Tason
Mphesa zosiyanasiyana Tason ndi tebulo mitundu.
Tsiku lofika
Pafupi March-April, pamene chomera chiri mu tulo tagona.
Malamulo a kucha
Yambani masiku 100. Uku ndiko kucha kucha koyambirira.
Pereka
Mbewuzo ndizolemera, nthawi zina zimapereka zokolola zachiwiri pamakwerero.
Sakani
Kukoma kwa zipatso kumagwirizana, ndi kukoma kwa nutmeg. Mnofu ndi wochepa kwambiri. Zili ngati mitundu yosavuta kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yoyambirira. Zokoma kwambiri.
Zotsatira zofika
Anabzala pa nthaka iliyonse. Madzi abwino amafunika ndipo nthaka yowonjezera ndi yozama. Musati mubzale pa dothi ndi mkulu acidity.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Mphesa amafunika kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, kudyetsa, kuchotsa udzu.
U) Chiyukireniya
Mitengo ya mphesa.
Tsiku lofika
Bzalidwa mu October.
Malamulo a kucha
Mukhoza kukolola kumapeto kwa August, nthawi zina zipatso zimatuluka kumayambiriro kwa September, malingana ndi dera limene labzala.
Pereka
Mitengo yokolola yamphesa.
Sakani
Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mafuta onunkhira, thupi lawo ndi lamchere komanso lamadzi.
Zotsatira zofika
Anabzala mukudzala maenje, monga mitundu ina.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Pamene mukudulira mpesa, musiyeni mphukira 6 pa mphukira zomwe zimabereka zipatso. Nthaka iyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kulandira mpweya wokwanira. Ndiponso zosiyanasiyana Ukrainka amafuna pamwamba kuvala ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera wreckers.
F) Wokondedwa
Tsiku lofika
Mapeto a September - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
Malamulo a kucha
Izi ndizoyamba kucha, mbeu imafesedwa patatha masiku 125.
Pereka
Zokolola ndizochepa.
Sakani
Zipatsozi ndi zokoma, zokoma, koma osati zowonongeka, zamkati.
Zotsatira zofika
Titha kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi:
- Kukonzekera kwa dzenje.
- Maenje oyendera.
- Kuyamba kwa organic.
- Kubzala cuttings mumtsinje pansi pa dzenje.
- Lembani dzenje ndi nthaka yothira feteleza.
- Kuthirira mbande.
Mbali za chisamaliro:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere.
- Mulching.
- Kupopera mankhwala ndi magnesium sulphate.
H) Charlie
Tsiku lofika
Anabzala kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Malamulo a kucha
Kalasi yoyambirira, yakucha mu masiku 100.
Pereka
Zokolola zokhazikika.
Sakani
Iwo amavomereza okoma kukoma, wandiweyani thupi. Mphesa zopanda mphesa zimakonda kwambiri nightshade.
Zotsatira zofika
Mphesa zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. The cuttings obzalidwa patali 1-2 mamita kuchokera wina ndi mzake. Kutentha kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala madigiri 10.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
- M'nyengo yozizira imatetezedwa.
- Kupaka zovala ndi mineral madzi feteleza sabata iliyonse.
Yu) Chikumbutso cha Kherson "Wokhala ku Chilimwe"
Tsiku lofika
Nthaŵi yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi September.
Malamulo a kucha
Bwerani msanga, patapita masiku 100.
Pereka
Zimabweretsa zokolola zambiri.
Sakani
Izi ndi zipatso zokoma, zokoma ndi zokoma kukoma, zamkati ndi madzi, yowutsa mudyo komanso minofu.
Zotsatira zofika
Pobzala m'mabowo, pansi pake pamayikidwa madzi, nthaka yosakaniza ndi manyowa ndi feteleza ena, malingana ndi mtundu wa nthaka, sankhani mbande ndi mizu yotsekedwa.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Mphesa zimapereka zotsatira zabwino ndi kudulira kwafupipafupi kwa 2-4
