Nthawi zonse zimakhala zokondweretsa kudziwa mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa, pomwepo pali chilakolako chokula chomera ichi pachokha.
Ambiri opangira vinyo amayamba ngakhale kuphatikizapo maluso awo ndi malonda awo popanga zinyama za mitundu yakale pawokha.
Inde, si anthu ambiri omwe amatha kuchita izi, koma pali okondedwa awo omwe alemba maina awo mu bukhu lopatulika lofotokoza za viticulture.
Ndi za mmodzi mwa okonda awa, dzina lake Zagorulko, komanso za chilengedwe chake chotchedwa "Sophia", ndikukuuzani pansipa.
Mbali za kukula ndi fruiting za mphesa za Sofia: zopindulitsa zazikulu ndi zovuta
Mphesa "Sofia" amatanthauza mitundu ya mphesa: cholinga chake ndi kudya zipatso mwatsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukoma kwa mphesa ndibwino kwambiri. Mitundu imeneyi idalandira makhalidwe ake kuchokera ku maonekedwe a mphesa monga "Arcadia" ndi "Kishmish Radiant". Khama la V.V. Zagorulko linaloledwa kupezeka osati zokoma zokha, komanso mphesa zosatha, ndi malo ochulukirapo.
Kodi gulu la mphesa la Sofia likuwoneka motani ndipo limasiyana bwanji ndi mitundu ina?
Mitundu yambiri ya mphesazi ndizoti masango ake ndi aakulu ndipo amakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Unyinji umodzi wa masango a sing'anga ndi 1 kilogalamu imodzi, ngakhale akatswiri akulemera masekeli 2.5-3. Zipatso za masangozi zimayikidwa mwamphamvu, masango osasunthika pa chitsamba sapezeka. Chifukwa cha ichi, ngakhale ndi kukula kwake kwa gululo, kulemera kwake kungafike pochita bwino kwambiri.
Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zomwe zimakhala ngati mazira. Motero, kukula kwake kwa mabulosi ambiri ndi 3,3 x2 masentimita, omwe amasonyeza momveka bwino momwe iwo amaonekera. Zizindikiro zazikulu za kulemera kwa zipatso za mphesa "Sofia" ndi 15 magalamu. Koma samadziwika ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe, koma mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa khungu.
Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha minofu ndi juiciness ya chipatso, kukoma kwa mitunduyi ndi kovuta komanso kosangalatsa, ndi fungo la nutmeg. Ndiponso, ngakhale khungu lokwanira khungu la izi zosiyanasiyana, sizimamveka ngati kudya. Vuto lokha lingakhalepo kukhala ndi mbeu 1-2 mu zipatso zazikulu kwambiri. Komabe, parthenocarpy, ndiko kuti, zipatso zopanda zipatso, zimayambira pa Sophia mphesa yamphesa nthawi zambiri.
Zokolola za mphesa "Sofia": zizindikiro za kucha ndi kuchotsa zipatso
Kawirikawiri, zokolola za mphesa za zosiyanasiyana zingatchedwe zabwino. Chifukwa cha shrub yamphamvu ndi kuchapa yunifolomu ya mphukira, zipatso zimalandira zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya ndipo zimaperekedwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Ngakhale kuti chitsamba chimakhala ndi maluwa okhaokha, chimakhala chodziwika ndi mungu ndi mitundu ina, kotero zokolola zimapangidwanso mosavuta.
Osati owona ndi pea zipatso, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pa tchire ndi maluwa amodzi. Koposa zonse, chitsamba ndi mungu wochokera kwa kholo lake, Arcadia zosiyanasiyana.
Mitengo ya mphesa "Sofia" imatchula chimodzi mwa zoyambirira. Zomera za kuthengo zimayenda bwino mu masiku 110-115 okhazomwe zimakulolani kuyamba kuyamba kukolola mphesa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa August.
Mwachidule za ubwino ndi phindu la mphesa "Sofia"
Mitundu ya mphesa yoyambirira ndi zokolola zabwino za msika wamakono ndi kukoma.
• Kutentha kwa mphepo kumadera akum'mwera kwa Ukraine ndi Russia ndipamwamba kwambiri - chitsamba chimalola kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa -21ºС. Komabe, ikufunikirabe malo okhala, makamaka pamene ikufika kumadera ambiri akummwera.
• Amalekerera kutentha ndi chilala bwino, koma ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, mphesa za mphesa zimayenera kuzungulidwa ndi masamba.
• Sophia mphesa sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oterewa. Monga mame oidiamu ndi mame.
• Ambiri amakopeka ndi kuyenerera kwa mbeu zosiyanasiyana za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kameneka, komwe kumapangitsa kukhala wamkulu kugulitsa.
• Kugawidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kuphulika kwabwino kwa mdulidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa mbande za mizu yabwino.
Kodi kupanda ungwiro kwa mphesa "Sofia": kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Ambiri amaganiza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri za maluwa amenewa kuti mzimayi azigwira ntchito maluwa ake. Komabe, V. Zagorulko mwiniwakeyo akunena kuti izi sizikuwonetseratu pa zokololazo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ma inflorescences a mphesa a "Sophia" ali ndi maluwa ambiri, omwe amawapangitsa iwo mosavuta kukula kwa mungu kuchokera ku mphesa zina.
Komanso, nthawi yamaluwa ya mphesayi ndi yaitali, ndipo pistil ikhoza kusunga chinyezi bwino, chitsamba chikhoza kukhala mungu wochokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imafalikira mofanana ndi iyo.
Kusowa kwakukulu kwa "Sophia" ndi chizoloŵezi cha zipatso zowonjezera.
Palibe chotheka kusiya mbewu yakucha pa chitsamba, chifukwa sizidzangotayika, koma zikhoza kutha.
Kuphunzira kubzala mphesa: malangizo ndi malangizo
Si ambiri a ife omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya agronomy, ndipo mochulukirapo pobzala mphesa. Boma ili silikula, koma liri ndi zikhalidwe zake komanso malamulo omwe simungakhoze kukula kokha ndi chitsamba chopanda fruiting, komanso kuwononga mbewu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa kuti mphesa za mphesa zimayambira kwambiri kutentha ndi matenda.
Choncho, kuwonongeka kulikonse kapena kutsika sikufika panthawi yoyenera kungachepetse kuyesayesa kwanu. Pachifukwa ichi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe bwino za momwe mukubzala mphesa za Sofia.
Zing'onozing'ono za njira zobereketsera mitundu "Sofia"
Mphesa zimakhala zochepetsetsa komanso zimadulidwa mwamsanga, choncho zimatha kufalikira osati kubzala mbande zokha kuchokera ku mbewu. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri, muyenera kumvetsera zotsatirazi:
• Inoculation mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cuttings kumsika ndi chiwerengero cha matabwa okhwima. Mwa njira iyi, zimatha kukulitsa chitsamba cha mphesa mofulumira komanso mofulumira, popeza kale kale panthawi ya kusinthanitsa idzakhala ndi mizu yabwino. Momwemo, mphesa zoterozo zidzakula mofulumira, ndipo zikhoza kuyamba fruiting chaka kale.
Komabe, ubwino wa katunduwu ukhoza kuwonetsedwa kuthengo: ngakhale kuti chitsamba cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Sophia" ndi champhamvu, polemba pamodzi kudula mitengoyi, chitsamba chatsopano chidzapangidwanso pansi.
• Kuberekera mphesa "Sofia" mothandizidwa ndi matepi. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kuti phokoso labwino, lalitali ndi lamphamvu limachotsedwa ku chitsamba chachikulu cha fruiting. Imakhala pansi ndipo ili ndi dothi lalikulu. Ngati dothi louma, ndibwino kuti lizidzole. Patapita nthawi, mphukira idzayamba mizu ndipo ngati muidula kuchokera ku chitsamba chachikulu, ndiye kuti kuchotsedwa kumeneku kungapangidwe ngati mbeu iliyonse.
Mwachidziwikire, kubzala mphesa ndi mbande, zomangirizidwa ndi kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cuttings, zimaperekanso zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Komanso, chifukwa cha luso lokhazikitsa mizu ya zosiyanasiyana, mizu yawo ili bwino kwambiri. Mfundo imeneyi imakhudza kwambiri njira yokonzera mbeu kumalo atsopano owonjezereka ndikupititsa patsogolo kukula.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji nthawi yobzala mphesa "Sofia"
Mphesa zikhoza kubzalidwa pafupifupi chaka chonse, kuyambira kasupe mpaka mochedwa. Chilichonse chimadalira njira yomwe mumasankha. Apo ayi, palibe kusiyana kapena kupindula kulikonse pakutha komweko.
M'chaka, mbande nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa, zomwe zimasungidwa mpaka masika mu autumn kapena zomwe zinakula kuchokera ku cuttings. Pachifukwa ichi, choyamba chikhoza kubzalidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa March, mwamsanga pamene kutentha kotsika kwambiri kumakhazikitsidwa. Pofuna kuteteza mbeuyi ku chisanu chosadziŵika, imakhala ndi bokosi lophweka lomwe lili ndi dzenje la pamwamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa May, akhoza kuchotsedwa. Koma mbande wamkulu kuchokera cuttings akhoza anabzala ngakhale theka la June. Ndipotu, ndi bwino kuyembekezera kuti sapling imere bwino mu kapu ndi nthaka, kuti isawonongeke pamene ikuwombera nthaka yotseguka.
Mapulani a kubzala kasupe:
• Mpesa wamphesa uli ndi nthawi yosinthira bwino ndikukhazikika mu malo atsopano. Mizu ikukula, yomwe idatha kale kudyetsa zitsamba ndi zakudya komanso chinyezi chofunikira.
• Mbande zapakati zimayamba kubereka mofulumira kwambiri.
Kudyetsa kwadzinja kwa mphesa kumachitika kawirikawiri pambuyo pa chomera ichi chimapita m'nyengo yozizira dormancy. Panthawi ino mbewu zimatha kuikidwa pamalo osungira, ndipo zidutswa zimatha kukololedwa (kuphatikizapo kusinthanitsa kwa zipatso zingathe kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Koma ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti chisanu chisanayambe, chomwe chingasokoneze mphesa zokha. Kawirikawiri, kudzaza chisanu ndizovuta zokhazokha za kubzala mphesa mu kugwa, ngakhale ziri zopanda ubwino zambiri:
• M'dzinja zimakhala zosavuta kuti mupeze mbewu zabwino komanso zapamwamba za mphesa zosiyanasiyana.
• Mukamabzala m'dzinja, mphesa za mphesa zimangosungidwa m'nthaka, ndipo zimakulolani kuyamba kukula mofulumira kwambiri masika.
• Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthaka imakhala yowonjezereka kuposa nthawi ya masika, yomwe imachotsa vuto ngati mbeu yomwe imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Kusankha malo abwino obzala mphesa "Sofia"
Sophia mphesa ndi thermophilic. Ngakhale ali ndi dzuwa lambiri komanso kutentha kwakukulu, sichiwonongeke, kupatula kuti zipatso zimatha kutentha pang'ono ngati sizikuphimbidwa ndi masamba. Choncho, Chifukwa chodzala izi, muyenera kusankha malo abwinozomwe sizidzagwedezeka ndi nyumba ndi zomera zina.
Komanso, panthawi yamaluwa, mphesa zimangosinthanitsa ndi mphepo yamkuntho, yomwe imatha kuzimitsa mtundu wonsewo. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti mphesa zitsatidwe kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumba kapena nyumba ina yomwe ikhale chitetezo.
Ndifunikanso kusankha nthaka yabwino yobzala. Ngakhale mphesa sizomwe zimakonda kwambiri, ndizomwezi zidzatsimikizira kukula kwa chitsamba ndi zotsatira zake za fruiting. Choncho, ngakhale ngati dothi silili lachonde, likhoza "kubwezeretsedwa":
• Onjezerani feteleza ochuluka.
• Dothi lakuda likhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi mchenga, ndi mchenga mosiyana, ndi dongo.
• Pangani mitsinje pa nthaka yomwe madzi ali pafupi kwambiri.
Musaiwale kuti chitsamba chokula bwino chimafuna malo ambiri, zomwe zimatenga mphukira zake. Choncho, mukadzala tchire tambiri muyenera kutaya mamita 3-4, koma zabwino ndi 6.
Chimene mukufunikira kudziwa za njira yobzala mphesa mothandizidwa ndi mbande: malangizo ndi sitepe
Musanabzala, ndikofunika kusankha sapling molondola ndikukonzekera dzenje. Mbewu yabwino ya mphesa iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yoyera bwino komanso yobiriwira. Asanadzalemo amamizidwa m'madzi kuti atenge chinyezi chokwanira.
Kukonzekera kwa dzenje ndi robot yodalirika kwambiri. Iyenera kuchitika milungu iwiri isanakwane. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene mbeu yayikidwa, mizu yake iyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Ngati mutabzala mu dzenje latsopano, dothilo lidzakhazikika, ndipo muzuwo ukhoza kukhala pansi. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kupereka nthawi yokhala ndi nthaka.
• Timapanga kuya kwa dzenje pafupifupi mamita 0,8 ndikugona pansi pamtunda wosakaniza nthaka ndi 2-3 ndowa za humus. Kuchokera pamwamba pa feteleza zotere kumadzaza ndi nthaka yosavuta kumsika, pomwe pali malo okwanira kuti mubzala mmera. Gombe latsala kwa kanthawi musanafike.
• Mmera umayikidwa mu dzenje lokonzekera ndipo pang'onopang'ono amadzazidwa. Pa theka la ndondomekoyi, chidebe cha madzi chimatsanulidwira m'dzenjemo, chomwe chidzagwirizanitsa nthaka. Komanso, dzenje laikidwa m'manda.
• Sapling mutabzala mochuluka. Nthaka pozungulira iyo ili ndi mulch.
Zomwe zimagwirizanitsa mphesa "Sofia" ku malo
Kuti katemera apambane, ndikofunika kwambiri kukonzekera cuttings ndi katundu wokha. Makamaka, cuttings ayenera kukonzekera mu kugwa. Asanathandizanitse, gawo lawo laling'ono limachotsedwa kumbali ziwiri, kupanga mphete. Pambuyo pake, kudula kumaikidwa m'madzi. Mbali yakumapeto ya kudula imayamba, yomwe idzawonjezera moyo wa kudula mpaka itakhazikika. Kukonzekera kwa katundu kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
• Chotsani mosakanizika. Muyenera kuchoka pamtunda wokha wa masentimita 10 okha.
• Dothi lodulidwa limafalikira. Amachotsa dothi lonse.
• Pakatikati pagawoka kupangidwa kumene kudula kudzamveka.
Timaika kudula kwathu, ndikuwongolera mbali yokhayokha. Katemerawa amafunika kutsindika mwamphamvu, kukoka chigambacho ndi chingwe kapena nsalu yolimba. Ndikoyenera kutseka tsamba la katemera ndi dothi lonyowa, lomwe lidzasunga chinyezi. Nkhokweyo imathiridwa madzi ndipo nthaka imadzazidwa ndi mulch.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kubereka kwa girlish mphesa cuttings
Chimene mukufunikira kudziwa za chisamaliro cha mphesa "Sofia": mwachidule za zinthu zazikuluzikulu
• mphesa zimafuna chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, maluwa asanamalize, chitsamba chiyenera kuthiriridwa. Musaiwale za mphesa pa nthawi yamvula.
• Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka yozungulira chitsamba imakhala ndi masentimita 3 masentimita a mulch. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kale utudu, utupu kapena humus.
• Dyetsani mphesa nthawi zonse. Amasowa makamaka feteleza pa fruiting. Phosphorus-potaziyamu feteleza, komanso kuyambitsa humus kwa kukumba, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chikhalidwe. Mukhozanso kupanga nayitrojeni, koma simungakhoze kuigonjetsa ndi kuchuluka kwake.
• mphesa zimafunikanso kudulira nthawi zonse. M'dzinja iliyonse, kapena pakuyambika kwa kasupe, muyenera kufupikitsa mphukira iliyonse ndi maso 4-6. Maonekedwe a chitsamba ndi bwino kuchoka.
• M'nyengo yozizira, mphesa ziyenera kuphimbidwa. Young baka akhoza kungogona tulo ndi mchenga, asanayambe anaika pamwamba pawo baklazhka popanda pansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu akuluakulu.
• Kupopera mankhwala a chitsamba musanayambe maluwa komanso mutatha kuthana ndi matenda. Kukonzekera "Antracol" kapena "Bordeaux liquid" amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
