Nkhungu zosawerengeka - kutchera, kapena, malingana ndi dzina lachilatini lovomerezeka, tricholom, lakhala lodziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa nthaka pamtunda wonse, chifukwa cha dzina lake. M'nkhani ino tiona momwe akufotokozera za bowa, zokhudzana ndi thanzi komanso zakunja, ndipo chofunika kwambiri - maphikidwe ake.
Zokonda ndi makhalidwe a bowa
Thupi la bowa lili ndi kapu ndi mwendo, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana siyana malinga ndi zaka: opalasa amatha kukhala ndi chipewa chokhala ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 20 mu mawonekedwe a mpira, khonso kapena belu, ndipo ena akuluakulu omwe amawakhudza amakhala akuluakulu, Amakhala pakati kapena pamphepete mwa mpanda. 
Pamwamba pa gawo ili la thupi la chipatso mukhoza kukhala wouma komanso wouma, zonse zowonongeka komanso zosalala bwino kapena ndi zing'onozing'ono mamba. Mtundu wa kapu umadalira mtundu weniweni ndipo ukhoza kukhala woyera komanso wachikasu, wobiriwira, wofiira kapena wofiirira.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri zothandiza phindu la bowa la mizera, komanso mitundu yawo, monga mzere wonyezimira (greenfinch), poplar wokhotakhota ndi udzu.
Mapuloteni, kapena mapiritsi - mbali ina ya mitundu iyi: mwa zina ndi ofooka ndi osowa, mwa ena - mosiyana, minofu ndi yochuluka.
Malingana ndi msinkhu wawo, mtundu wawo umasiyana ndi woyera mpaka bulauni, ndipo mawonekedwe onse ndi malo a mbalewo amasiyanasiyana ndi osasinthasintha.
Kutalika kwa miyendo kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 10 cm kungakhale ngati mawonekedwe owongoka, kutsindikiza kapena kugwedeza mmwamba. 
Malingana ndi zakudya zomwe zimadya komanso zakudya zokhazokha (zomwe sitingadye zofiira), mizereyi si yosiyana ndi bowa wambiri.
Chimene mukusowa: zipangizo zamakono ndi ziwiya
Kuwotcha bowa izi kudzafunika:
- supuni;
- mpeni;
- Njira zina zopezeka kukonzekera zogulitsa;
- mpweya kapena magetsi;
- Zowonjezera kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosaphika ndi zotentha;
- Sungani kuchotsa chithovu;
- chithandizo;
- sieve yachitsulo ndi mbale ya zowonjezera;
- ziwiya zogwiritsidwa ntchito kale (mitsuko) ndi kutsekedwa kwa kusokonezeka;
- choyimira chisindikizo.
Mukudziwa? Bowa la Matsutake ku Japan ndilofanana ndi truffle ku Ulaya: ndi limodzi mwa zakudya zamtengo wapatali komanso zokoma. Mtengo wa fried rynovok mtundu uwu ukhoza kufika $ 100 payekha.
Zosakaniza zofunika zowonjezera
Pali malingaliro ambiri pa kukonzekera kwa mizere yopota. Tidzakambirana mndandanda wa zosakaniza zofunikira kwambiri, zoyenera kuzipangizo zonse.
Choncho, mufunikira zinthu zotsatirazi:
- bowa - 1.5-2 makilogalamu;
- madzi - 0,5 l;
- osati mchere wodetsedwa wa iodi - 1 tbsp. l;;
- shuga - 2 tbsp. l;;
- vinyo wosasa - 4 tbsp. l;;
- clove zouma - masamba 3;
- Zouma zouma masamba - ma PC 3;
- nyemba tsabola wakuda - ma PC 10.
Mbali za kusankha ndi kukonzekera kwa katundu
Kuti adye mitundu mitundu rydovok ndi:
- imvi
- lilac-legged;
- dziko;
- Chimongoliya;
- matsutake;
- gigantic;
- choda;
- yodzaza
- May
Chiwerengero chodyera ndi:
- poplar;
- zofiirira
- chofiira chachikasu;
- chithunzi;
- chithunzi;
- zobiriwira
- choda;
- zoyera ndi zofiirira.
Bowa awiri ndi okalamba ali oyenerera kudya, pokhapokha pamwamba pa kapu, ndi kusapezeka kwa mawanga ndi mawanga pa thupi lonse.
Ndikofunikira! Pamaso pa fungo losasangalatsa (mealy kapena lofanana ndi fumbi), nkoyenera kukana kusonkhanitsa rydovok, chifukwa ndi owopsa.
Kupititsa patsogolo mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kuwukha ndi kuwira. Bowa wamtundu uwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse, yophika, mchere, ndi mu fotayi.
Kusiyana kotsiriza kwa kukonzanso kwa zipatso kumapereka kuonjezera chitetezo chawo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi 8. Zida zotsekemera zamagalasi, zotetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi kuziziritsa (zosapitirira 15 ° C, ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri 8-10 ° C) malo - mfundo zoyenera kusungiramo zofiira.
Chotsatira pang'onopang'ono ndi zithunzi
Kukonzekera kwa mizere yowonongeka kumayambira ndi kusamalidwa kwa mankhwala ndipo kumathera ndi kusungirako. Zomwe zimakhala zovuta pa gawo lililonse, timaganizira pansipa.
Kukonzekera kwamaluwa
Poyamba, kuyeretsa kwakukulu kwa bowa kuchokera ku zinyalala (masamba, tizilombo, dothi) n'kofunika, kuyang'ana kupezeka kwa mphutsi pamakutu akuluakulu, komanso kudula pansi pa miyendo ya zipatso.
Ngati pali dothi lochulukirapo, kuti likhale loyeretsa, bowa zimayambitsidwa m'madzi. Ngati kutentha, kokwanira 10-20 mphindi, ngati madzi akuzizira, ndiye kuti mutenga maola 1-3 mpaka 10-12. 
Kuwomba Mitsinje Kusankhidwa bowa kuyenera kutsukidwa bwino pansi pa madzi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukula kwa bowa poyeretsa ziyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi, kuwonongeka - pang'ono ngati kotheka. Mizere ikuluikulu iyenera kudulidwa.
Tsopano ayenera kuphikidwa m'madzi osakanizidwa mchere ndi pang'ono a citric acid (pamwamba pa mpeni). Nthawi yowonjezera komanso yokwanira ya kuwiritsa bowa ndi 20-30 minutes.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, iyenera kusunthidwa komanso pamene chithovu chikuwonekera, chotsani ndi supuni yowonongeka. Kenaka madzi amakhetsedwa, ndipo mizere yophika imatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha otentha ndi kuuma ndi thaulo. 
Cook marinade
Kenako, muyenera kuphika marinade. Chimodzi mwa njira zomwe zimakhala zofala kwambiri ndizophatikizapo:
- viniga,
- Bay leaf
- anyezi,
- peppercorns yakuda ndi yoyera,
- zojambula
- fennel,
- parsley
- katsabola
Pambuyo kutentha kusakaniza kwaphika kwa mphindi 15, ndiye msuziwo umasankhidwa. Tsopano muyenera kuphika madzi opanda zitsamba.Pambuyo kutentha, anyezi aang'ono ndi magawo adyo amaponyedwa mu mbale, thovu imachotsedwa ngati pakufunika, ndipo pamapeto pake mchere, shuga ndi viniga zimawonjezeka (pa luntha lanu).
Kusungidwa
Kukonzekera bwino kokhala ndi zitsamba zofunikira kwambiri. Pano, njira yamakono yoperekera zitini ndi nthunzi ndi yoyenera: yiritsani madzi m'mbale, kenaka ikani zitsulo zachitsulo pamwamba pa thanki, pamwamba pake zitini ndi khosi pansi (poyamba kutsukidwa ndi sopo kapena soda).
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino ndi maphikidwe a zitini zowonongeka kunyumba.
Mabanki ayenera kusungidwa pa malowa kwa mphindi 10 mpaka 15, kenaka onetsetsani zivindikiro ndi "wiritsani" m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi ziwiri.
Mu mitsuko yotentha imayenera kudzaza bowa wothira, kuwonjezera adyo, anyezi, kutsanulira ndi marinade ndi kuimika chivindikiro ndi chingwe chokoka. 
Zikhomo zonse zogulungidwa zimayikidwa kutsogolo kwa zophimba pansi ndi kuzungulira mu bulangeti wowonjezera kapena kupuma mpaka zitatha. Pambuyo pake amangotumizidwa ku malo amdima ndi ozizira kuti asungidwe.
Video: momwe mungaphike zamzitini ryadovki
Momwe mungatchere pogwiritsa ntchito wophika pang'onopang'ono
- Bowa zowonongeka (1 makilogalamu) zimayikidwa mu mbale ya chipangizo chakhitchini, chophimba ndi madzi ozizira (500 ml), panikizani batani limene limati "Kuphika" ndikuyika nthawi - mphindi 20.
- Pambuyo phokoso lamveka, timayika marinade (100 ml ya viniga, masupuni awiri a mchere, supuni 1 ya shuga) ndi kubwereza "Kuphika" kwa mphindi khumi.
- Pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kugawira bowa m'mabanki, kutsanulira kufooketsa marinade ndi kupukuta.
Chimene chingawonjezereke ku bowa
Mukhoza kusiyanitsa maphikidwe a mizere yambiri ndi zowonjezera zina:
- Zitsamba za Provencal
- rosemary,
- horseradish
- ginger
- viniga,
- citric acid
- currant masamba,
- mandimu peel,
- vinyo wosasa.
Chinsinsi cha Ginger
Mizera ya Violet ndiyo yoyenera kwambiri iyi. Mudzafunika:
- bowa - 2 kg;
- madzi - 1 l;
- mchere - 1.5 tbsp. l;;
- shuga - 2 tbsp. l;;
- viniga - 2 tsp;
- Ginger wothira mizu - 1 tbsp. l popanda pamwamba;
- Tsabola woyera ndi wakuda - mbewu 5;
- mandimu - 1 tsp;
- tsamba la Bay - ma PC 3.
Njira yophika imasiyana kuchokera kumunsi umodzi pokhapokha mutaphika bowa ndi marinade, yiritsani mzere mu marinade ndi kuwonjezera kwa ginger kwa mphindi 10 ndikuwongolera mitsuko.
Werengani zambiri za bowa wosakaniza, komanso phunzirani zonse zozizwitsa za pickles, kuyanika ndi kuzizira.
Tsamba la mpiru
Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutenga:
- bowa - 2 kg;
- madzi - 1 l;
- mchere - 2 tbsp. l;;
- shuga - 2.5 tbsp. l;;
- viniga - 3 tbsp. l;;
- mpiru wouma - 1 tbsp. l;;
- tsabola wakuda - nandolo 6;
- Nkhumba zowola - 2 ma PC.
Mowa wothira utoto ayenera kuyamwa, kenako zouma, ndiyeno yambani kuphika marinade ndi zinthu zonse kupatula vinyo wosasa.
Pambuyo pa madzi wiritsani, perekani madzi kwa mphindi 10, ndiye kutsanulirani mumtsinje wochepa wa viniga ndi wiritsani kwa mphindi imodzi. Tumizani mabotolo ku mbiya, kutsanulira msuzi pamwamba ndikusungira zivindikirozo. 
Chinsinsi ndi citric acid
Zida zofunikila za izi:
- bowa - 2 kg;
- madzi - 600 ml;
- asidi citric - 1/2 tsp;
- mchere - 3 tsp, shuga - 1.5 tbsp. l;;
- viniga - 2 tsp;
- tsabola wakuda - 13-15 mbewu;
- zouma masamba ndi cloves - masamba 3 ndi masamba atatu.
Bowa amawiritsa madzi ndi vinyo wosasa, kenako amatsuka ndi zouma. Sakanizani marinade okonzeka ku citric asidi, mchere, shuga, tsabola, bay leaf ndi cloves.
Mutatha kuwira kwa mphindi 10, msuziwo umasankhidwa ndi kuwiritsa ndi kuwonjezera kwa bowa kwa mphindi 7-10. Ndondomeko yotsekemera ndi yofanana ndi yapitalo. 
Chophika cha vinyo wa vinyo wa vinyo
Pazimenezi mufunikira:
- bowa - 2 kg;
- madzi - 1 l;
- mchere - 1.5 tbsp. l;;
- shuga - 2 tbsp. l;;
- vinyo wosasa - 150 ml;
- adyo - mbale 7;
- tsabola wakuda - nandolo 10;
- rosemary - 1 sprig;
- masamba owuma - masamba 3.
Bowa ndi shuga ndi mchere zimaphika m'madzi kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Ndiye zonunkhira zonse, kupatula viniga wosasa, zimawonjezeredwa, ndipo osakaniza ndi yophika kwa mphindi 10 pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Ŵerenganiponso za njira zokonzekera: uchi wamatsenga, mafuta, mkaka, mkaka, ndi bowa woyera m'nyengo yozizira.
Pambuyo pa izi, viniga wosakaniza amathiridwa mkati ndipo msuziwo wophika pazomwe zimakhala kutentha kwa mphindi 10. Nkhumba zimagawanika ndi zonse zamadzimadzi, zotsirizirazo zimasankhidwa ndikuphika kachiwiri. Gawo lotsatira ndikuyika bowa mu mitsuko ndikutsanulira marinade, kenako ikanikeni. 
About zothandiza katundu
Bowa ndi zakudya zosiyana siyana, ndipo sizili zosiyana. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo, olemera kuposa ndiwo zamasamba kapena tirigu, ali ndi katundu wothandiza komanso wofunika, omwe timaganizira pansipa.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi zina mizere imapanga osati mizere yokha, komanso mphete, zomwe zimatchedwa "matsenga". Iwo amachokera ku mfundo yakuti pansi pa zofanana zomwe mycelium imadutsa kumbali zonse ndi liwiro lomwelo.
Kuwongolera ndi zakudya zabwino
Malembo olemera a mzerewu akufotokozedwa:
- mavitamini (mwa kuchuluka kwa gulu B),
- mchere
- amino acid
- maantibayotiki achilengedwe
- flavonoids
- polysaccharides
- phenols.
- zina zothandiza organic mankhwala.
Malingana ndi makhalidwe omwe ali ndi zakudya zamtunduwu ali ndi calorie yochepa (100 g muli 22 kcal), komanso mapuloteni ambiri ndi zakudya:
- mapuloteni - 46,19%;
- Zakudya - 48.73%;
- mafuta - 5.08%.
Zothandiza za bowa
Kuphatikiza pa olemera kalori wokhutira, omwe ali owonjezera kwa iwo omwe ali pa chakudya, mzerewu umakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa boma ndi ntchito ya dongosolo lakumagazi.
Pezani bowa ngati awa: monga flakefish, tchizi, bowa shiitake, bowa reishi, matchire aakulu, nkhumba, mapepala, bokosi, bowa, mkaka, bowa, bowa, ndi bowa.
Amagwira nawo ntchito yowonjezera maselo a chiwindi, komanso amachotsa zinthu zowonjezera (poizoni ndi slags) kuchokera mthupi, pamene amapereka mankhwala ophera antioxidant, immunostimulating ndi antibacterial.
Kuvulaza ndi kutsutsana
Vuto lingagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- kale razdovok wodyedwa - chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwao kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga;
- mowa amadyetsedwa bowa mu mawonekedwe awo;
- oimira poizoni a mtundu uwu.
Zina mwazotsutsana ndi izi:- kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi kusokonezeka;
- Kuchulukitsa kwambiri kwa hydrochloric acid mmimba;
- matenda aakulu a dongosolo la m'mimba;
- kuphwanya malamulo ogwira ntchito, komanso kutupa kwa ndulu;
- zotupa pamatenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa kwapamwamba kwambiri, bowa wodyetsedwa ukhoza kuyambitsa poizoni kapena kusokoneza kwina kwa thupi.
Choncho, mankhwalawa, maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa bowa zimalankhula za kufunika ndi kuyambira kwa chotukuka ichi mu mawonekedwe ophimbidwa. Kudziwa za maphikidwe akuluakulu ndi owonjezera omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza mankhwalawa sikudzangokhalira kusangalala ndi zokoma zonse za mbaleyo, komanso kuwonjezera pachinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri mwa mawonekedwe apadera.
