Ngati mwasankha kubzala mphesa m'munda mwanu, ndiye kuti mafunso angapo ovomerezeka adzawonekera, omwe oyambawo adzakhala "Ndipo ndi mtundu wotani wobzala?".
Imodzi mwa mayankho a funso ili ikhoza kukhala mphesa "Helios".
Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi zidzakondweretsa inu osati maonekedwe ake okongola, komanso kuchuluka kwa zokolola.
Makhalidwe oyenera ndi osamala akufotokozedwa pansipa.
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya mphesa "Helios"
Mphesa "Helios" inapezeka ndi wobadwira V. Kraynov. kuchokera kudutsa mitundu "Arcadia" ndi mphesa "Nakhodka". Dzina lachiwiri la "Helios" - "Arcadia Pink".
Iyi ndi mitundu ya mphesa yamitundu, wosakanizidwa. Iye amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira, chifukwa imakula masiku 110.
Kukolola kukonzekera kukolola kumayambiriro kwa August. Madzu ndi amphamvu, wamtali, maluwa amodzi. Masangowa ndi olemetsa, masentimita amatha kufika pa makilogalamu 1.5, amafanana ndi cone kapena piritsi. Zipatsozi zimafanana ndi ovalo, zazikuru kwambiri, pinki.
Kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi kumafika 15 g, 32 x 23 mm mu kukula. Khungu ndi lofiira, lakuya. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yokhala ndi zonunkhira, yokoma. Maluwa okwatirana. Zonsezi zimakula bwino.
Zokolola zazikulukhola Kutentha kwa frost kuli pamwamba, mpaka -23 ° C. Kuthamanga kwabwino kwa mildew ndi oidium. Mipingo ya "Helios" ikhoza kutengedwera mosavuta, pamene iwo sangawonongeke maulendo awo abwino.
Maluso:
- zabwino kukoma
- nthawi yokalamba
- mkulu chisanu kukana
- pafupifupi osakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal
- zokolola zazikulu
- bwino amayendetsa kayendedwe
Kuipa:
- akusowa kusamalidwa nthawi zonse
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za m'dzinja yokolola cuttings wa mphesa.
Pazochitika za kubzala mitundu
Mphesa "Helios" ndi chomera chopanda phindu, kotero ndibwino kuti tiyimere mu nthaka yachonde, mwinamwake izo sizidzangokhala mizu.
Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire uyenera kufika pa 2.5 - 3 mamita, kuti mizu ya tchire ikhale ndi malo okwanira. Malinga ndi kubzala nthawi, ikhoza kukhala kasupe kapena yophukira. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chisanu, mbande zomwe "zimabzalidwa" m'nthaka komanso zowomba m'nyengo yozizira sizidzafa m'nyengo yozizira.
Maonekedwe a mbande ndi ofunika kwambiri. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala nawo mizu yabwino kwambiri. Mphukira yakucha ayenera kukhala wobiriwira, masentimita 20 m'litali.
Musanabzala, mmera uyenera kukhala "wotsitsimutsidwa", ndiko kuti, kuchepetsani mizu yotsatira mpaka kutalika kwa 10 mpaka 15 masentimita, ndi kudula mphukira yokhwima pamlingo wa mphindi yachinayi kapena yachisanu. Ngati mphukira zoterezi ndizitsulo 2, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchotsa ofooka.
Maola 12 - 24 musanadzalemo, ndizofunika kuchepetsa mizu kukhala yofooka njira ya kukula enhancers. Pofuna kubzala, muyenera kukumba mbeu iliyonse mu dzenje 80x80x80 masentimita, pamene mukulekanitsa momveka bwino mitundu iwiri ya dziko lapansi: m'munsi mwazitali ndi pamwamba.
Chomera pamwambacho chiyenera kusakanizidwa ndi humus, superphosphate, mchere wa potaziyamu, umatsanulira mu dzenje ndi wosanjikiza wa 30-40 masentimita ndi ophatikizidwa bwino. Kenaka pamzere wosanjikiza muyenera kuyika sapling, yomwe ili ndi dziko lapansi kuchokera pansi. Dzikoli likufunikanso kuti likhale labwino.
Musati mudzaze dzenjeNdi bwino kusiya dzenje la 5-10 masentimita pamwamba ndi makina a 20-30 masentimita. Mutabzala, mmerawo uyenera kuthiridwa (ndowa 2-3 pa 1 sq. m), kumasula nthaka pambuyo pa chinyezi, ndikuphimba kumanzere ndi mulch.
Kusamalira kalasi "Helios"
- Kuthirira
Ndi mitengo yothirira ulimi "Helios" ayenera kusamala, popeza chinyezi choposa chimakhudza kwambiri zokololazo. Choncho, mu kasupe, pamene kutentha sikufika ku zero ngakhale usiku, ndikofunikira kuthirira tchire la mphesa mokwanira.
Simungakhoze kubweretsa madzi pansi mpaka kutentha kungakhale pansi-zero, monga madzi pansi adzawombera ndi kuwononga mizu ya mipesa. Pambuyo pokonza tchire muyenera kuthirira madzi.
Pamaso maluwa, pambuyo pa maluwa ndi pa kukula kwa zipatso, tchire ndizofunikira kwambiri chinyezi, kotero ndikofunikira kumwa madzi mphesa panthawi yogwira ntchito ya nyengo yokula.
Musanayambe mphesa m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuchita zomwe zimatchedwa madzi otsitsimula ulimi wothirira, ndiko kuti, kupereka mizu ndi madzi nthawi yachisanu. Kuthira kwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse kumakhala pafupi ndi 2 mpaka 3 zitsulo pa 1 mita imodzi, pomwe madzi akusungiramo ulimi wochulukirapo kwambiri ndipo amafika ku zitsulo 5 mpaka 6 pa 1 mita imodzi.
- Mulching
Kuti dziko lapansi likhale lautali, dothi liyenera kuikidwa ndi mulch. Monga momwe mukufunira, mungagwiritse ntchito udzu, masamba, ngakhale udzu wokhala ndi masamba. Kuchuluka kwa wosanjikiza wa organic mulch ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 masentimita, mwinamwake sipadzakhalanso kwanzeru mwa njira iyi.
Lero, msika waulimi uli ndi zipangizo zatsopano zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu izi. Chimodzi mwa zipangizo zoyendera ndi zoyenera kwambiri ndi pepala la mnyamata. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamaziko a malangizo.
- Kutha
Mphesa "Helios" kwambiri chisanu chopinga, koma popanda kusamala nthawi zonse, tchire tingafe. Ndipo makamaka izi zikhoza kuwonjezeka m'nyengo yozizira pamene kutentha kumatsika pansi pazero. Choncho, ngati m'dera lanu kutentha m'nyengo yozizira kumachepa mokwanira, malo ogona a mphesa ndi njira yofunikira.
Pochita izi, chitsamba chilichonse chiyenera "kugawidwa" ndi theka, kumangiriza zigawo izi ndikuyika zidazi pansi, poyika kale zinthu zina (monga polyethylene). Onetsetsani kuti muteteze mipesa pansi kuti asakwere.
Pa mzere wonse wa tchire kale, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zitsulo zamchere zomwe polyethylene imatambasula. Pankhani ya Helios, chovala chimodzi chidzalakwitsa. Onetsetsani kuonetsetsa kuti mphukira sizikhudza filimuyi, mwinamwake imayaka pamunda.
Kuwonjezera pa njira iyi yogona, pali palinso - kutetezedwa kwa dziko lapansi. Kuti tichite izi, tchire liyeneranso kugawidwa ndikuyikidwa pansi, kenako ikhedwe ndi nthaka, ndi kuti phulusa lipangidwe. Kuzizira, chipale chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitetezo chowonjezera.
- Kudulira
Kwa "Helios" zosiyanasiyana ndizochitika kulemetsa pa mipesa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokolola zivutike. Choncho, kudula tchire la mphesayi ndi kofunikira basi.
Mbali ina ya "Helios" ndi yakuti iyenera kudulidwa masika. Choncho, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene tchire sichilowa mu nyengo yowonjezera, ndikofunikira kugawira katundu pa mipesa.
Pa pepala limodzi sipangakhale zoposa 35, ndipo fruiting mipesa ayenera kufupikitsidwa pa mlingo wa 6 mpaka 8 peepholes. Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa mmera, ndiye chaka chilichonse muyenera kufupikitsa chaka chilichonse kuthawa pamlingo wa diso lofanana.
- Feteleza
Mofanana ndi mphesa ina iliyonse, "Helios" zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi feteleza zina zowonjezera kukula ndi fruiting. Choncho, mchere wamchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka kunthaka, ndipo kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito organic matter.
Mutatha kutsegula tchire m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuwonjezera nayitrogeni ku nthaka, yomwe ndi ammonium nitrate. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amenewa kumapangitsa mphamvu kukula ndi kukula kwa tchire.
Kuwonjezera pa nayitrojeni, tchire amafunikira phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, kotero musanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo pake muyenera kuwonjezera superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere kunthaka. Manyowa obiriwira ndi humus, peat, kompositi ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunika kuyanjana ndi kuvala ndi kumwetsa.
- Chitetezo
Helios zolimbana ndi matenda a fungalkoma zowonongeka zimafunika. Kukhalapo pamasamba kapena ma chikasu, kapena phulusa la imvi kumatanthauza kuti tchire "odwala" mildew kapena oidium, motero.
Mafungicides ndi yankho la Bordeaux madzi (1%) adzagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi matenda a fungal. Kusintha kwa chitsamba kumachitika pamene mphukira imatha kufika masentimita 20 kutalika, isanakwane maluwa ndi pambuyo pake.
Mukamatsatira malangizo amenewa, mphesa zanu sizidzangokhalako zokha, komanso zaka 3-4 mutabzala zidzatulutsa mbewu yolimba.
