Tsabola wokoma ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima masamba.
Ndipo izi zimafotokozedwa kwa ambiri.
Lili ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi amchere, omwe ndi ofanana ndi tomato ndi eggplant, ndipo alibe zofanana ndi zomwe zakwera ascorbic acid.
Pepper adzakongoletsa chakudya chilichonse pa tebulo lanu la tchuthi, adzachipatsa kukoma koyeretsa ndi fungo.
Chomera ichi kukula ndi kupeza zipatso zokoma ndi zosavuta ngati mumatsatira zonse agrotechnical miyeso.
Mbali za tsabola wotsekemera yomwe muyenera kudziwa pamene mukukula
- Pepper imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi madontho otentha usiku ndi usana, komanso madontho a chinyezi.
- Kugawanika kochepa kwa chikhalidwe, makamaka panthawi yopanga masamba, kumakhudza mavuto ake.
- Pali mitundu ndi hybrids ya tsabola wokoma. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha kusankha kwanu chidzakhala chosakanizidwa, chifukwa chimapindulitsa kwambiri, chikulimbana ndi matenda ndipo chiri ndi zokongola, ngakhale zipatso.
- Kulima chikhalidwe choyenera kwambiri pogona, dzuwa, madera opanda mphepo.
- Ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka ya tsabola mwamsanga mutatha kukolola mbewu yomwe yapita kale.
- Muyeneranso kudziwa chomwe feteleza ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Mbali za nthaka zosiyanasiyanazomwe ziyenera kuonedwa kuti zisakhumudwitsidwe mu zokolola:
- Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chitukuko chikhale chonde, ngati dera loamy ili?
Kuti muchite izi, mufunikira zigawo zotsatirazi: zowola zowonongeka, peat kapena manyowa. Zonsezi ziyenera kupangidwa muzinthu zina. Manyowa amafunika chidebe chimodzi, peat awiri, utuchi ndi chimodzi.
- Nchiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chitukuko chikhale chonde, ngati pali dothi la dongo?
Pofuna kulimbitsa nthaka zotere, m'pofunika kutenga mchenga wa chigawo chachikulu ndi zowonongeka zofanana, zonsezi mu chidebe, kusakaniza ndi kubweretsa m'nthaka.
- Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chitukuko cha nthaka chikhale chonde ngati pali nthaka ya peat pa tsamba?
Ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mayiko oterewa, m'pofunika kuwonjezera mmenemo zigawo monga: sod dothi ndi humus. Mmodzi wa iwo amachotsedwa mu chidebe, chosakanikirana ndi kulowetsedwa m'nthaka.
- Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chonde chikhale chonde, ngati dera lanu ndi dothi lamchenga?
Pamene dothi ngatilo likuwonjezeredwa zinthu izi: peat kapena dothi lapansi, humus amawonjezeredwa ndi zidebe ziwiri ndi chidebe chimodzi cha utuchi.
Momwe mungakhalire wolondola ikani siteji kwa tsabola wokoma, timalembera masitepe onse:
- Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kudziwa ndi chakuti nthaka yobzala mbewu imayamba kukonzeka mwamsanga mutatha kukolola mbewu yomwe idakonzedweratu, ndiko kuti, kugwa. Oyenera ndiwo: kabichi, nkhaka.
- M'dzinja nthawi ya kukonzekera, organic feteleza zimagwiritsidwa pamodzi ndi mchere feteleza. Koma izi zisanachitike, m'pofunika kulima kapena kusowa kolima panthaka.
- Koma ngati mwadzidzidzi mutakhala kuti simungakwanitse kufesa nthaka mugwa, zikhoza kuchitika kumapeto. Momwemonso ndi feteleza yomweyo.
- Atapanga feteleza zonse zofunika, amafukula padziko lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, muyenera kupanga mabedi pomwe chikhalidwe chidzakula. Kutalika, zomwe ziyenera kukhala 25-30 cm.
- Ndipo chinthu chotsiriza chimene chachitika, mabedi okonzedwa bwinowa amathiriridwa ndi yankho lokonzekera kuchokera mumadzi a chidebe chimodzi ndi 0,5 malita a mullein.
Pambuyo pa ntchito yokonza nthaka, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala tsabola.
Mitundu yambiri ndi yowonjezera ya tsabola wokoma, yomwe mungayese kubzala pa tsamba lanu: "Agapovsky", "Atlant", "Barguzin", "Alyosha Popovich", "Bogatyr", "Bonus", "Victoria", "Vitamini", " Mphatso ya Caspian, Dobrynya, Yellow Bouquet, Chozizwitsa Chobiriwira, Ilya Muromets, California Chozizwitsa, Bell, Cornet, Mpainiya, Mphatso ya Moldova ndi ena ambiri.
Posankha aliyense wa iwo, muyenera kudzipangira nokha cholinga chomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito tsabola.
Zomera zimakula zing'onozing'ono zitatu mikhalidwe, ndi mwachidule za iwo:
- Zochitika mu chipinda. Mbewu zoterezi zimayikidwa bwino pazenera kapena zipinda, ngati palibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuwalitsa. Madzi ogwiritsira ntchito ulimi wothirira ayenera kuthetsedwa kwa maola angapo. Dyetsani chipinda kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba pamene masamba, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri milungu iwiri itatha kudya.
- Mu malo obiriwira. Pofuna kupeza mbande zapamwamba. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito biofuels, ndiko kuti, manyowa otentha. Mbande zoterozo zikhoza kukula ndi popanda kusankha. Njira yabwino yowonjezera mbande iyenera kukula mu miphika, yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha ndi madzi. Dyetsani mbande amafunika kasachepera kawiri.
- Mu greenhouses. Kukula mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kosavuta kusiyana ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Zikatero, mbande zimakula m'miphika zimatha kutulutsidwa mumsewu kuti zikhale zovuta. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza kamodzi kapena kawiri.
Zomwe zimalima chikhalidwe
Popeza tsabola wotsekemera imakhala ndi nyengo yochuluka, njira yabwino yobzala idzasinthidwa.
Mukadzala mbande muyenera kuganizira mtunda pakati pawo. Njira yabwino idzakhala 45-55 cm.
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala mbande idzakhala masiku otsiriza a Meyi kapena khumi oyambirira a June. Popeza kuti padzakhalanso chidaliro chonse kuti nyengo ya chisanu idzafika, ndipo chikhalidwe sichitha. Nthaŵi yoyenera ya tsikuli ingakhale nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo mungathe kuwonetsanso tsiku lachisanu. Choncho, chikhalidwechi chimasinthidwa bwino kuti zikhale zatsopano komanso osadwala pang'ono.
Masana, n'zosatheka kubzala mbande konse, makamaka ngati kutentha kwambiri.
Musanabzala, muyenera kukonzekera madaples ang'onoang'ono ndi masentimita 50. Ikani phulusa pang'ono ndi humus pansi pa dzenje, kenako pangani mbande ndikuphimba dzenje.
Kuti maluwa atsatire mofulumira, ayenera kuphimba ndi filimu kapena zinthu zina. Chikhalidwe chikayamba kuphuka ndikuzika mizu pansi, pogona akhoza kuchotsedwa.
M'masiku oyambirira a moyo wa chomera, ziwoneka zopanda moyo komanso zosavuta, ngakhale mutamwa madzi nthawi zambiri, koma simuyenera kudandaula, izi ndi zachilendo. Pambuyo masiku khumi, chikhalidwe chidzatsitsimutsa ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira. Kuti mbande ikhale yabwino, nkofunika kuti nthaka ikhale yotsegula.
Mukamabzala mbewu, nthawi yomweyo muyenera kuyika zikhomo, kuti musaziwononge mtsogolo. Izi ndizofunika kuti tilumikize chikhalidwe m'tsogolomu ndikuonetsetsa kuti kukula kwake kuli kosalekeza.
Udindo wofunika pa moyo wa chikhalidwe umasewera ndi kuyika mbewu. Kuti apange chitsamba champhamvu ndi nthambi, muyenera kuchita pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimachitika pamene mbewu yafika pamtunda wa masentimita 30.
Ngati mwasankha kudzala mitundu yambiri ya tsabola. Ndi bwino kuchita izi pamtunda wina kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa chomera mbewu pakati pawo imatha kuchitika, zomwe sizidzakhudza kwambiri kukoma kwa tsabola m'tsogolomu.
Kodi muyenera kuwona chiyani mukamapatsa tsabola wokoma?
Pali matenda ambiri ndi tizilombo toononga omwe angakhoze kuvulaza mbewu. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kuchita zowononga. Kulimbana nawo kungathandize mankhwala onse komanso ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika.
Mitundu yoyandikana nayo ingathenso kuteteza anansi awo. Kuti zitsitsimutse, zomera zimatha kuthirizidwa ndi yankho lirilonse milungu iwiri, koma chinthu chofunikira sikuti chikhale choposa.
Muyeneranso kumvetsera nthawi yothirira mbewu, kuigwiritsira ntchito kuphulika kochepa, kusamba ndi kuchotsa namsongole, ndikuyambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza kuti ikule bwino.
Kusamba chikhalidwe n'kofunika kwambiri. Ndi mavitamini oyenera, zomera zimakula bwino ndikukula. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosungunuka nthawi zonse. Koma ayenera kuyang'aniridwa chifukwa cha mphepo Ngati ali ndi madzi okwanira ambiri, asakhale ochepa, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuthirira chikhalidwe.
Ndi bwino kutenthetsa nthaka m'mawa, usiku wozizira. Ndipo ngati ayi, kuthirira ndi kofewa masana. Kutentha kwa madzi sikuyenera kuzizira, kuti asawononge zomera. Pamaso pa ulimi wothirira, nthaka imatulutsidwa pang'ono, izi zimachitidwa kuti zisawononge mapangidwe a makungwa kuzungulira mbeu.
Dyetsa chomera chikufunika muzigawo zingapo:
- Gawo loyamba liyenera kuchitika pakatha masabata awiri mutabzala mbeu pamalo omasuka. Pa chochitika ichi, muyenera kukonzekera njira yapadera yomwe ili ndi urea, superphosphate ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza zigawozi zonsezi, zimasakanizidwa ndi kutsanulira mu lita imodzi ya chitsamba chilichonse.
- Gawo lachiwiri liyenera kuchitika nthawi ya maluwa. Pa chochitika ichi muyenera kukonzekera njira yotsatira yomwe ili ndi urea, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate ndi madzi. Zigawo zonse zimasakanizidwa ndi kubweretsa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
- Gawo lachitatu liyenera kuchitika pa nthawi ya maonekedwe oyambirira. Pa chochitika ichi muyenera kukonzekera njira yotsatirayi, yomwe ili ndi potaziyamu mchere, madzi ndi superphosphate. Onse zigawozi zimasakaniza ndi kutsanulira pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse muwiri Mlingo.
Kutulutsa nthaka pansi pa chomera choyenera kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Mizu ya tsabola yokoma kwambiri ili pafupi kwambiri. Pofuna kuti asawononge mizu ya tsabola, kumasula kumatulutsa kuti zisamve bwino.
Zipatso za chikhalidwe zimachotsedwa msanga ndi kucha. Koma mukawachotsa msanga, mukhoza kupeza zokolola zambiri.
