Pepper - ndi imodzi mwa mbewu za masamba, zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi cha mtundu wa Solanaceae. Pamene tikukula, tsabola ndi chomera cha pachaka.
Mitengo ya pepper ndi yosavuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi tomato, chifukwa sikofunikira kuti mwana wamwamuna wobadwa naye azikhala.
Chomeracho chimakula chifukwa chosiyana zophikira osati osati kokha.
Njira yokulitsa chikhalidwe ichi ndi njira yodalenga. Ndipo mukuyenera kuchita chinthu ichi pokhapokha mutakhala ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Ndipo ndi maganizo awa, simungalandire mbande zokoma zokha, komanso zokolola zambiri.
Nkhaniyi ikukuuzani za nthawi zonse zolima.
Kodi ndi chikhalidwe chanji chomwe chiyenera kuganizira pamene mukukula tsabola?
Pali zizindikiro za chilengedwe ndi morphological za tsabola zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa. Tidzawauza za pansipa.
Chimene chikugwirizana makhalidwe a morphological:
- Mphamvu ndi makulidwe a chitsamba chomera. Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, kutalika ndi makulidwe a zomera zingakhale zosiyana.
- Maonekedwe a masamba ndi kutalika kwake.
- Mtengo wa chipatso ndi malo awo kuthengo. Ndiponso mtundu wawo pa nthawi zosiyana kusasitsa.
- Kutalika kwa makoma a tsabola.
- Mizu ya chikhalidwe.
Kodi ndi chiyani? zamoyo:
- Ndikofunikira kuganizira kutentha kumene chikhalidwe chidzakula.
- Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe muyenera kudziwa ndicho chinyezi chabwino chomwe tsabola imafuna.
- Kawirikawiri, tsabola mwakula popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi: pinching ndi pasynkovanie. Koma pali zosiyana, ndipo kusinthanso kukhoza kuwonjezera zokolola.
- Ndikofunika kumvetsera kuunikira kwa malowa ndi dzuwa chifukwa chodzala chikhalidwe.
- Chofunika kwambiri ndi nthaka yomwe tsabola idzabzalidwa. Chikhalidwe sichimalekerera dothi la acidic.
Kodi nthaka ya tsabola iyenera kukhala yotani?
Dothi lodzala tsabola liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lonyowa.
Mitundu yonse ya dothi losiyana:
- Kuonjezera kubzala kwa nthaka, onjezerani zitsulo (mu chidebe chimodzi pa mita imodzi), manyowa (mu chidebe chimodzi) kapena peat (mu kuchuluka kwa zidebe ziwiri).
- Pofuna kubweretsa chonde cha nthaka ya dongo, zida ziwiri zimayambira mmenemo: mchenga wouma ndi zowola utuchi (uliwonse uli ndi chidebe chimodzi).
- Ndi kuchuluka kwa dothi la peat, nthaka ndi humus ziwonjezeredwa (kuchuluka kwa chidebe chimodzi pa mita imodzi imodzi).
- Pamene dothi la mchenga likuthandizira kubzala kwawo kuwonjezera nthaka kapena dongo, zidebe ziwiri za humus ndi chidebe chimodzi cha utuchi.
Kukonzekera dothi kubzala tsabola, ndi umuna. Pakati pa mita imodzi imodzi muyenera kupanga: galasi limodzi la phulusa; mphothosphate; supuni imodzi ya sulfate ya potaziyamu ndi supuni imodzi ya urea.
Pambuyo poonjezera zonse zigawozo nthaka iyenera kukumba, pakupanga mabedi masentimita makumi atatu pamwamba. Kenaka, pamwamba pa nthaka lapansi madzi amathiridwa ndi njira yothetsera madzi ndi mullein (peresenti ya theka la lita imodzi pa ndowa ya madzi) kapena yankho la sodium humate (pa mlingo wa supuni imodzi pa chidebe cha madzi).
Pafupifupi malita anayi a matope amadya pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Pambuyo pa chochitikacho, dothi liri wokonzeka kubzala tsabola.
Pali zotsatirazi mitundu ya tsabola: zokoma ndi zokometsera. Mitundu yokoma ndi iyi: Gladiator, Litsey, Victoria, Yermak, Zaznayka ndi ena ambiri. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imaphatikizapo: Chile, Chiyukireniya Bitter, Maluwa a Vietnam, ndi ena.
Kukonzekera kwa mbande za tsabola ndi kusamalidwa koyenera kwa iye
Mbeu za pepper zimakonda feteleza zopangidwa ndi feteleza. N'zotheka kudyetsa fetereza izi masiku khumi ndi awiri.
Mbande zam'mimba zimakonda kudyetsa foliar. Kemira Kombi feteleza ndi yoyenera pa izi, ili ndi zinthu zambiri zofufuzira. Ndi njira yothirira feteleza yosakanizidwa muyenera kupopera masamba a mmera ndi pamwamba ndi pansi. Muyenera kugwira chochitikachi m'mawa, dzuwa lisanatuluke.
Foliar kudyetsa zomera ayenera kusinthidwa ndi ulimi wothirira chikhalidwe.
Iyo ikuwoneka pa masamba a mtundu wachikasu, izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.
Musaiwale madzi chikhalidwe ndipo onetsetsani kuti palibe madzi kapena ngalande za nthaka. Kusamba madzi kumabweretsa masamba osagwa ndi zomera zowonongeka. Ndipo kumwa kwambiri kumabweretsa mavuto osauka a mizu ya mbewu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya tsabola wokoma.
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsabola, mitu yambiri
Musanabzala, nkofunika kuti poyamba muumitse mbewu, izi zatha masiku khumi ndi anai isanafike tsabola. Kupweteka kumayamba pa kutentha kwa madigiri 15, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imatsitsa, koma osachepera kufika 11 ° C.
Ndi bwino kubzala tsabola madzulo. Nkofunika kuyang'ana mtunda wa pakati pa 65 cm ndi pakati pa 40 cm. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya nesting (60x60 cm kapena 70x70 masentimita) ndikubzala zomera ziwiri kapena zitatu muchitsime chimodzi.
Kusunga chomera kusinthasintha n'kofunika mukadzala ikani zikhomo (pa nthawi ya kukula, ndibwino kuti musayambe zikhomo, chifukwa zingathe kuvulaza mizu ya zomera) yomwe chitsambacho chidzamangiriridwa m'tsogolomu.
Tsabola mutabzala amayamba mizu pang'onopang'ono, pofuna kuthandiza kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino m'nthaka, nkofunika kumasula movutikira mozungulira tsabola.
Pepper ili ndi nyengo yowonjezera kwa miyezi itatu yokha, choncho nthanga za tsabola zimayamba kukonzekera kuyambira January. Nthaŵi yobzala chikhalidwe makamaka zimadalira mmene mbewu idzakhalire pamunda. M'madera otentha, nyemba za tsabola zimabzalidwa mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa March, komanso pakati pa msewu wa pakati, zimabzalidwa mu February. Ndipo pansi udabzala kumapeto kwa May.
Ndondomeko yobzala tsabola pansi
Mu zaka khumi zachitatu za May kapena oyambirira July, mbande za tsabola zimabzalidwa m'mabedi okonzeka.
Mtunda pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 60 masentimita, ndi mtunda wa pakati pa mbande 40 cm.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachisala (60x60 masentimita kapena 70x70 masentimita) ndipo pitani zomera ziwiri kapena zitatu muchitsime chimodzi.
Ngati mutabzala mitundu yambiri ya tsabola, ndiye kuti ayenera kubzalidwa pamtunda wautali pakati pawo, monga zikhalidwe pereopolylyaet.
Kodi chidwi cha chikhalidwe ndi chiyani?
Polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo (mwachitsanzo: zovunda zoyera, mwendo wakuda, Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, zosiyanasiyana slugs) zingathandize mankhwala ochiritsira.
Mitundu yambiri yomwe imamera pamodzi imatha kusamalira miyambo yawo yoyandikana nayo, komanso kuwateteza ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo.
Ndi kotheka kuthirira mbewu tsiku lililonse masiku khumi ndi anayi ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera vutoli.
Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala bwino nthaka yofiira, kumangiriza chomera, kupalira ndi kudyetsa mbewu.
Kuthirira tsabola pamalo otseguka ndi kofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhazikika nthawi zonse. Ngati dothi louma, chomeracho chikhoza kukula bwino. Ngati pali dera laling'ono, kuthirira mbeuyo iyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo ngati mphepo imakhala yowonjezereka, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa palimodzi.
Nthawi yokwanira yothirira madzi ndi mmawa, ngati usiku uli kuzizizira, ndipo ngati usiku ukutentha, ndiye kuti mumatha kumwa madzi usana ndi usiku. Madzi amagwiritsa ntchito si ozizira, koma amawotha.
Dothi lolemera limatenthedwa ndi theka la lita imodzi pamtunda, ndipo dothi lowala limamwe madzi pamtunda wa lita imodzi pa chitsamba. Ndibwino kuthira madzi mumtunda womasulidwa tsiku lina kumbali imodzi, ndi tsiku lina kumzake. Njira iyi yothirira siimapanga kuzungulira khungwa lakuda.
Kupaka pamwamba zikhalidwe zikuchitika mu magawo atatu:
- Gawo loyamba likuchitika patatha masiku khumi ndi chimodzi mutabzala chikhalidwe pansi. Pochita izi, konzekerani yankho la supuni ziwiri za urea ndi superphosphate ndipo muzitsuka zonse mu malita khumi a madzi. Kenako pansi pa chikhalidwe kutsanulira lita imodzi yothetsera.
- Gawo lachiwiri la kudya likuchitika panthawi ya maluwa. Pochita izi, tenga supuni ya supuni ya urea, potaziyamu sulphate ndi supuni ziwiri za superphosphate ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi 10 malita a madzi. Anamwetsamo kuchuluka komweko monga poyamba.
- Gawo lachitatu likuchitika panthawi ya maonekedwe a zipatso zoyamba. Kuti muchite izi, tengani zigawo zotsatirazi: ma teaspoons awiri a mchere wa potaziyamu ndi tiyipiketi awiri a superphosphate ndipo tiyeretsedwe ndi malita 10 a madzi. Madzi, monga mu magawo awiriwa.
Kutsegula nthaka pansi pa mbeu iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Mizu ya chikhalidwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi pamwamba, kotero muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwa kumasulidwa.
