Munthu aliyense wochokera ku Eastern Europe ndipo osati kamodzi kokha pamoyo wake anayesa mbale ya mbatata.
Izi ndizopangidwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe chonse, chifukwa ngati pali mbatata m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mukhoza kuthera m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yonse yozizira komanso osadziwa chisoni.
Komabe zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zathanzi zimapezeka ku babu, zomwe zangobedwa pansi.
Ndicho chifukwa chake mbatata zatsopano sizongokondedwa ndi agronomists okha, komanso ndi ophika omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mbatata ngati mbali.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbatata zoyambirira, koma pakati pawo pali zabwino kwambiri - zomwe zidzakhazikika mu nthaka iliyonse ndipo zidzakupatsani zokolola zabwino nyengo iliyonse.
Sakani "Arosa"
Mitengo ya mbatata, yomwe inalumikizidwa ndi agronomists a ku Germany mu 2009. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zoyambirira chifukwa zimapsa masiku 70-75 okha.
Mitengo ndi yokongola, yokhala pakati, yaying'ono-yowongoka, yokongola kwambiri yofiira.
Mitundu ya tubers imapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, osakanikirana pang'ono, ndi khungu lofiira-pinki ndi maso osapenya aakulu. Mitundu ya mbatata iyi ndi yachikasu, yokoma kwambiri, yosakaniza ndi yosapitirira 14%.
Mbatata imodzi ikhoza kulemera 70 - 150 g, ndipo pamtunda umodzi wa mbatata akhoza kukula zidutswa 15 mpaka 16.
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa mosamala kuchokera ku hekitala la nthaka mukhoza kupeza matani 70 a mbatata.
Kunja, awa Zipatso zimawoneka zokongola kwambiriChoncho, chiwerengero cha mbeu zomwe zingagulitsidwe ndi 94 - 96%. Pankhani yokhutira, zosiyanasiyanazi zinalimbikitsa bwino.
Kutetezeka kwachangu kwa chilala, nematode, khansa, mavairasi ndi mitundu yonse ya zithunzi zimakupatsani inu kukula mbatata iyi ngakhale m'madera ovuta kwambiri.
Pogwiritsira ntchito, zipatsozi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Fries.
Mitundu imeneyi ndi yopanda malire pa kukula kwa nthaka ndi momwe zimapangidwira. Ndikofunika kukonzekera mbatata iyi kubzala, ndiko kuti, kuyifikisa dzuwa lisanakabzalidwe pansi.
Ndondomeko yobzala ndi yachilendo, masentimita 35x65. Kuzama kwake sikuyenera kukhala masentimita 10. Nthaka ya mbatata iyenera kumasuka.
Pakuti zosiyanasiyanazi zimadziwika ndi "kutambasula" kwa chinyezi kuchokera m'nthaka, kotero palibe chofunikira chazitsamba zowonjezera. Muyeneranso kuthira manyowa tchire kuti mukolole bwino. Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha phytophthora baka, pafupifupi masabata awiri musanakolole, muyenera kuchotsa pamwambapo.
Sakani "Alena"
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayambira kwambiri, patadutsa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri (45) mutatha mphukira zimatha kukolola mbewu yoyamba.
Zitsamba zimathamanga, osati zazikulu, ndi zofiira zofiira. Mitundu ya tubers imakhala yofiira, yandiweyani, yofiira, yosalala ndi maso aang'ono kapena apakati.
Thupi liri loyera, wowuma mmenemo si oposa 17%, samakhala mdima ndi zochita zamatsenga ndi kudula. Mliri uliwonse wa tuber umapitirira 90 - 140 g, masiku 60 pambuyo pa kumera, chiwerengero chazokolola ndi 200 magulu pa hekitala. Chiwerengero cha zogulitsa ndi zokambirana ndi 97% ya chiwerengero cha tubers.
Izi zosiyanasiyana osakhudzidwa ndi mavairasi, nkhanambo ndi rhizoctoniosis. Phytophthora ndi nematodes zimangowonjezera chikhalidwe cha mbatata.
Komanso, mbatata iyi imangowonongeka pa kukula.
Ndipo akadali kalasi Kulimbana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka kwa makina, kutentha ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi. Kuchokera muzu wa izi zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka zabwino zokoma.
Izi sizitanthauza kukonzekera koyamba kubzala, kotero, n'zotheka kusiya mbatata izi mutangotuluka kuchokera kusungirako.
Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa. Anabzala zosowa kumapeto kwa April - May.
Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, zosiyana sizifuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kuthirira zina zitsamba sikofunikira. Onetsetsani kuti mutulutse nthaka ndikupanga feteleza.
Ndifunikanso kupopera tchire ndi mankhwala osokoneza matenda osiyanasiyana.
Zosiyanasiyana "Zhukovsky Oyambirira"
Mitundu yoyamba, yomwe inamangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu "Berry" ndi "Hydra". Nthawi ya chitukuko cha zomera zimakhala masiku 70 mpaka 80.
Dothi la mbatata la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi lalitali, lamasinkhulidwe okwera, nthambi ya mphukira kwambiri, masamba ake ndi aakulu, a mtundu wobiriwira, maluwa ndi ofiira-ofiirira. Mitundu yambiri yamagazi, khungu lofiira, ndi maso ang'onoang'ono aang'ono ofiira.
Thupi ndi lofiira, lokhala ndi ubwino wabwino, chiŵerengero cha starch - 10 - 12%. Kulemera kwake kwa tuber umodzi kumasiyana ndi 100 mpaka 120 g. Pa chiwongoladzanja mungapeze anthu 400-500 a mbatata pa hekita la nthaka.
Kusungidwa zosiyanasiyanazi zingathe yaitali, pafupifupi 92 - 96% ya mbeu idzakhalapo. 90 - 92% mwa mankhwalawa ali ndi zovala zabwino kwambiri, choncho mbatata iyi idzagulitsidwa bwino.
Matenda monga khansara, nematode, rhizoctoniosis, ndi nkhanambo sizivulaza zipatso za zosiyanasiyana. Komanso mbatata iyi kusagwirizana ndi makina owonongeka. Gome losankhidwa.
Kukula kudzayembekezeka mu May. Kufika kuli wamba, ndiko kuti, malingana ndi kachitidwe kawirikawiri pambali yozama. Kupeza kapena kusatulutsa mbatata pasanayambe yosungirako, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti sikofunika kuchotsa zitsamba, chifukwa izi zimamera ngakhale kutentha.
Kuthirira tchire la mbatata sikofunika. Padzakhala madzi okwanira mvula. Zoonadi kutero muyenera kumasula nthakakotero mpweya umabwera mofanana. Kudyetsa ndi zotsutsana ndi matenda ndizofunika monga njira zothandizira.
"Mtsogoleri" Wosiyanasiyana
Mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri mbatata, tubers yomwe ingakumbidwe kale pa tsiku la 45 pambuyo pa kumera kwa zinthu zakubzala. Pomaliza, zokolola zikhoza kukolola patatha masiku 70 mpaka 75 mutakula.
Mitengo ya kutalika kwapakati, ochepa-owongoka, mtundu - pakati. Masamba pa zomera zosakaniza kukula, zobiriwira. Maluwawo ndi oyera. Mitundu ya tubers imakhala yozungulira, ndi yosalala khungu ndi maso ang'onoang'ono.
Thupi la mbatata iyi ndi loyera, liri ndi 12% wowonjezera, wokoma kwambiri. Kulemera kwa tuber imodzi ndi 90 - 120 g, zokolola zonse - 207-248 olemera pa hekitala. Mtundu wamalonda izi zosiyanasiyana wamtali kwambiri, baka wokoma mtima kupereka tubers.
Kulimbana ndi izi zosiyanasiyana kokha ndi khansa, nematode komanso kuchepa kwa nsonga ndi tubers kungangowononga mkhalidwe wa zomera.
Kubzala ziyenera kukonzedweratu mu May, osati kale, mwinamwake chodzala chidzasintha ". Kutsika kwake kumakhala kosavuta, kuya kwake kumakhalanso koyenera. Ndi bwino kusankha malo a mbatata oyambirira kumene zitsamba zosatha komanso zapachaka, komanso zomera zowonjezereka zimakula.
Pankhani ya chisamaliro cha mbatata iyi, nkofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza komanso kuteteza zitsamba, chifukwa matenda angathe kukuletsani gawo la mbeu.
Ndifunikanso kumasula nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole omwe angasunthire pa tchire za mbatata. Mukhoza kupereka zowonjezerapo zowonjezera zomera, koma zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri ndi malo ambiri a mbewu.
Zosiyanasiyana "Impala"
Netherlands ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri ya mbatata, pambuyo pa masiku 50-55, tubers amapeza kulemera kwake kukumba.
Ngakhale zili choncho zipatso zakunja zakunjaZimasintha bwino kuti zikule nyengo zosiyana siyana. Zitsamba za mbatata iyi zimakula mpaka 70 - 75 cm mu msinkhu, zimapanga mphukira yowongoka ndi 4 - 5 ofananira nawo zimayambira, maluwa a zomera izi ndi zoyera.
Ma tubers ndi ovunda, peel ya chikasu amadzazidwa ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. Pulp imakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu, wachibale wambiri, wochuluka (wowonjezera wokhutira - 15%). Kulemera kwa mbatata imodzi kungakhale 90 - 150 g, ndi zipatso 16 mpaka 21 pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Kukaniza matenda kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, popeza khansara, mavairasi osiyanasiyana ndi mbatata nematode sizikukhudza izi. Koma phytophthora ya nsonga ndi tubers ndi nkhanambo zingakhudze mbatata iyi.
Nthawi zina amalimi am'mwera akukolola kawiri pa nyengo, zomwe zimaimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata. Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri, kuchokera pa hekita imodzi ya kumunda mungathe kukolola matani 18 mpaka 36 a mbatata.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kosiyana kwambiri, ubwino ndi kusowa kwa mdima mutatha kudula mbatata iyi. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yabwino kwa malonda, popeza ndi zokolola zotere, mbatata iyi imawoneka okongola kwambiri.
Mbatata za zosiyanasiyanazi ziyenera kukonzekera kubzala, zomwe zimapereka kutentha ndi kumera pang'ono. Koma ngati zokololazo zayamba kale kusungirako, mungathe kuziponya pansi pomwepo.
Pano dziko lapansi likhale lofunda, mwinamwake mbatata sizingamere. Njira yokoka ndi yachibadwa. Ndiponso, kupatula nthawi ndi kuya kwakukulu kumasungidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May kuti ndi zofunika kuti prikopat izi zitheke kuti mu mwezi ndi hafu zingakhale zotheka kupeza mbewu yoyamba.
Mitengo yambiri ya mbatata imatha kukhala ndi nayitrogeni, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa feteleza komwe mungapange panthawi yokonzekera nthaka ya nyengo yotsatira iyenera kukhala ndi feteleza pang'ono.
Onetsetsani kuti mukulima nthaka, nthawi yoyamba ndi yofunika kuti muzichita sabata mutabzala. Hilling ndi yofunika ngati nthaka yayuma ndipo n'zosatheka kuthirira m'munda. Chiwerengero cha kuvala chiyenera kuchepetsedwa kufikira 2 - 3.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kulima mbatata pansi pa udzu
Red Scarlett Zosiyanasiyana
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chidatchi yoyamba yomwe ikukula masiku 70 mpaka 80. Zitsamba za mitundu iyi ya mbatata ndizochepa, yapakatikati, zenizeni-zolunjika. Masamba pa zomera ndi osakaniza kukula, wobiriwira. Maluwawo amajambula mu utoto wofiirira.
Madzi a mchere wambiri, omwe ali ndi khungu lofiira. Mnofu wa mbatata ndi yoyera, wokhuta (10 - 15%), wokoma kwambiri.
Kulemera kwake kwa tuber ndi 60 - 150 g, ndipo pali pafupifupi 15 tubers pa mbeu. Kukonzekera kumafikira 400 ndi ochepera pakati pa hekitala.
Mbatata iyi ikhoza kukhala yayitali kwambiri komanso yotheka kwambiri, koma 2% ya mbatata siingakhoze kupirira yosungirako. Kutuluka kwazimayi m'kalasiyi ndi kotsika kwambiri (96%). Palibe mavairasi, kapena khansara, kapena nematode, ngakhale phytophtora kugunda mbatata zanu zosiyanasiyana.
Komanso mbatata iyi imatha kulimbana ndi chilala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthaka. Sichidzasiya fruiting ndikukula. Ubwino wina wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chakuti tubers sizitembenuza wakuda panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha.
Pa nthawi yobzala, mbatata iyi si yosiyana ndi ena onse. Kukhazikika ndi kuzama kwa malo kumalowanso. Kuyika zokololazo padzuwa sikukuvulaza, chifukwa ziyamba kukula mofulumira. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yofunda komanso yokwanira.
Mbatata iyi imafunika kokha nthaka imamasula ndi kuvala. Musamachite zomera ndi mankhwala motsutsana ndi matenda, mwinamwake iwo adzadziunjikira mankhwala ovulaza. Ngati dothi liri lolemera mokwanira, ndipo kugwa mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, ndiye kuti feteleza pa kukula sikufunika.
Mbatata zoyambirira zili bwino pazifukwa zina osati nthawi zonse mbatata. Choncho, perekani kachigawo kakang'ono ka mtundu wa bulba ndikusangalala, patapita nthawi, mwatsopano wophika mbatata.
