Nkhumba yomwe mwadzidzidzi ukukana kudya ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe lingathe kufotokozedwa ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana pa nyama. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa zochitikazi ndizofunikira nthawi yochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti musapangitse mkhalidwewo kuti usawonongeke.
Fufuzani zomwe ng'ombe zikudya, ndipo zifukwa zotani zingakhale ngati maziko ochepetsera chilakolako kapena kusakhala kwathunthu.
Nanga ng'ombe zimadya chiyani?
Chakudya chachikulu cha ng'ombe m'nyengo yozizira ndi udzu, zomwe amadya tsiku lonse m'mabusa. Komabe, kwa iwo izi sizomwe zimachokera mphamvu. 
Zodyetsa masamba
Zakudya za mtundu uliwonse zimapezeka chaka chonse, kotero kuti popanda madzi obiriwira ndi obiriwira amatha kusinthidwa ndi zovuta.
Zovuta
Mu zakudya za ng'ombe, gululi limadyetsedwa makamaka ndi udzu ndi udzu. Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zatsopano, zomwe zimapatsa nyama zowonjezera, mapuloteni ndi mavitamini.
Nthenda yamtundu wa udzu imadalira mwachindunji nthawi ya kukolola, yomwe ili mbali ya zomera ndi kusungirako zinthu zouma zowonjezera.
Ndikofunikira! Mukakolola msipu wa ng'ombe, pewani zomera zakupha. Izi ndi monga: buttercup, njuchi-hell, gorchak, henbane.
Zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa ng'ombe ndizochokera ku zokolola zotsamba izi:
- Nthanga (udzu wambiri, timothy udzu, fescue, zokwawa bedi udzu, udzu bluegrass);
- nyemba (nyemba, clover, espartit);
- balere ndi udzu wa oat.
Zamasamba
Gululi likuphatikizapo udzu ndi zomera zomwe zimakula kwambiri popatsa ziweto. Onsewa amadziwika ndi zakudya zamtundu wapamwamba ndipo amakhala ndi mapuloteni apamwamba, amino acid, mchere ndi mavitamini.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kuti muphunzire zokhudzana ndi kudyetsa ng'ombe, momwe mungadyetse ng'ombe ndi kuzidyetsa m'nyengo yozizira, ndi ziti zomwe zimadyetseratu ng'ombe, komanso kuti ng'ombe ndi ziti zomwe zimapatsidwa beet zamkati ndi mchere.
Zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa ng'ombe zidzakhala chakudya chobiriwira chotere:
- clover;
- alfalfa;
- Vika;
- nandolo;
- chimanga;
- balere
Ngati m'nyengo yachilimwe Zambiri mwazimenezi zilipo kwa ng'ombe, m'nyengo yozizira chakudya chokhacho sichitha - inde, ngati simukugwira nawo ntchito yeniyeni yapadera mu njira ya hydroponic.
Pazinthu izi, mbewu zabwino za chimanga, balere, nandolo ndi mbewu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mupeze 1 kg ya mbewu zowuma mpaka 6-12 makilogalamu a masamba. 
Yowutsa
Zakudya zowonjezera zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zomera zomwe zimachokera kumtunda wambiri mwa madzi. Mafuta, mazira, mazira atsopano komanso mavwende amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ng'ombe.
Mwazidyetsedwezi mu zakudya za ng'ombe ikhoza kukhalapo:
- beet;
- kaloti;
- mphukira;
- mbatata;
- mavwende;
- chimanga ndi mpweya wa mpendadzuwa (m'nyengo yozizira);
- haylage okonzedwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha vetch, oats, clover, alfalfa.
Mukudziwa? Pali masamba 25,000 olawa mu lilime la ng'ombe, komanso kuti adzichepetse chakudya, nyama izi zimapatsa 150 malita a sali patsiku. Ndipotu, kumayambitsa chakudya, mumatope kwambiri.
Zonsezi zimakhala ndi mavitamini apamwamba komanso zakudya zodyedwa bwino ndipo zimadyetsedwa bwino ndi nyama, zomwe zimalimbikitsa chilakolako chawo. Chosowa chachikulu cha zakudya zokwanira ndizochepa nthawi yosungirako, kotero kuti musanayambe kutulutsa zofunikira kuti muyang'ane chakudya choterocho kuti mukhalepo zowola ndi zizindikiro zina zoyamba kuwonongeka. 
Wogonjetsedwa
Zakudya zolimbitsa thupi ndizosakaniza za tirigu ndi zokolola za tirigu ndi zokolola mafuta. Zakudya zimenezi nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi zakudya zamtundu wapatali ndipo zimakhala ndi madzi okwanira 16 peresenti ndi 15% zamatenda, zomwe zimalowa m'thupi mwa 70-90%.
Nthenda yonse ya chakudya choyikira ndi 0.7-1.3 ma unit unit pa 1 makilogalamu.
Zopindulitsa kwambiri kwa ng'ombe zidzakhala zosakaniza ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
- tirigu wosweka - pafupifupi 50%
- nthambi;
- chakudya;
- chophika;
- chakudya cha udzu ndi zowonjezera zina zomwe zimagawana gawo limodzi la chakudya mu chakudya choyendetsa bwino.
Nthenda yamaguluyi ndi yamtali kuposa yam'mbuyoyi, choncho ndi yofunika kwambiri pokonzekera nkhokwe ya ng'ombe.
Zinyama
Kuwonjezera pa zomwe zatchulidwa kale, ndizofunikira kufotokoza zogulitsa zinyama ndikudyetsa ng'ombe. Sizingatheke ngati chakudya chokwanira, koma chifukwa cha ntchito yowonjezera, ikugwirizana bwino. 
Zakudya zabwino, ng'ombe zimafunika:
- nyama ndi fupa;
- seramu;
- nsomba zopanga nsomba.
Zonsezi, zowonjezerapo zimapatsa thupi la nyama mapuloteni, minerals ndi mavitamini okwanira. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chofunikira kwa mlimi ndikuyenera kulowa nawo kudyetsa ng'ombe, popanda kuzunza. Imeneyi ndi njira yokhayo yowonjezera kulemera kwa kulemera ndi mkaka.
Ng'ombe siidya bwino kapena sadya
Pali zifukwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi ng'ombe kukana chakudya, kuti ngakhale mlimi wodziwa zambiri sangathe kudziwa nthawi yomweyo. Kupanda njala kungakhale chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zakudya, komanso mavuto aakulu. Pali zifukwa zingapo zofunika zomwe ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa mosamala.
Matenda a metabolism m'thupi
Kusokonezeka kwa njira zamagetsi m'thupi la nyama nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo chifukwa cha vuto lomwe liripo, osati kudziimira payekha pofuna kuchepetsa chilakolako (mwachitsanzo, chodabwitsa chomwechi chikuchitika ndi ketosis).
Komabe, pali zifukwa pamene kusokonezeka kwamadzimadzi kumayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika za mlimi mwiniwake, kupereka chakudya chambiri chopatsa mapuloteni. Kuonjezera apo, matendawa a chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi mitsempha yowonjezera akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse chakudya chochepa kwambiri kapena kudyetsa ng'ombe mosalekeza. 
Zizindikiro za matenda odwala matendawa zimadalira zifukwa zingapo:
- kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone omwe ali m'magazi;
- kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa magazi ndi shuga;
- kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yachibadwa ya ziwalo za mkati.
Ngati kuphwanya koteroko sikuchotsedwa pakapita nthawi, nyamayi imatha kutaya maonekedwe okongola (dermatitis ndi kutaya tsitsi nthawi zambiri) ndi kuchepetsa mkaka wokolola, kutsegula m'mimba nthawi zambiri kumalowetsedwa ndi kudzimbidwa, khungu limatsika, ndipo chiwindi chidzakula.
Zosowa zapakhomo
Kusungunuka m'khola nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda ambiri, makamaka m'mimba.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire nkhokwe za ng'ombe zanu.
Inde, ndi kulephera kulikonse kwa thupi kapena mawonetseredwe opweteka aliwonse a nyama adzakana kudya.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ng'ombe zina sizifuna kudya zakudya zonyansa komanso zowonongeka, choncho chakudya chonse chiyenera kukhala chatsopano, ndipo mu nkhokwe muyenera kubwezeretsanso.
Zakudya zovuta zimasintha
Thupi la ng'ombeyo mofulumira limakhala likuzoloŵera zakudya, kusinthira kwa izo ndi njira zonse zikuchitika mkati. Choncho, kuyambitsidwa mwadzidzidzi kwa mankhwala atsopano kungayambitse matenda otsekula m'mimba, zomwe zidzakhudzanso chikhalidwe cha ng'ombe yaikazi. 
Kusintha kulikonse mu menyu ya ziweto ayenera kukhala kosalala, kupitilira kwa masabata awiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kukoma kwa chakudya chilichonse chidzakhudza kukoma kwa mkaka wa nyama, kotero ngati mukufuna kupeza zokoma zokha, zomera zowawa ngati zowawa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ku zakudya.
Kudya kwambiri kapena poizoni
Chifukwa cha kukana chakudya chingathe kuwonongeka kwa ng'ombe, chifukwa chodyera kapena poizoni. Poyamba, kuyenda kwautali mumlengalenga kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuvutika kwa ng'ombe, komabe kachiwiri, thandizo la mankhwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kungafunikire kuimitsa m'mimba.
Kupha poizoni ndi mankhwala akuphatikizanso kuchotsa kuledzera kwa thupi, komwe ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Pofuna kupewa zoterezo, musanayambe kupereka chakudya kwa zinyama, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zimakhala zapamwamba, kusowa kwa nkhungu komanso zizindikiro zina zowonongeka.
Zinthu zakunja mu mimba ya ng'ombe
Kusamalira ndi eni ake osadyetsa ng'ombe nthawi zonse kuyang'ana malo odyetserako ziweto ndipo sizingatheke kukhalapo kwa zinthu zakunja. Komabe, ngakhale pakadali pano palibe chitsimikizo kuti nyamayo sidzapeza msomali wophomphuka, chidutswa cha galasi kapena waya pamtunda wautali.
Chilichonse mwa zinthuzi, kulowa m'thupi, chimangowononga mitsempha, chifukwa cha ng'ombe yomwe imakhala yosalala, imasiya kudya ndi kuchepetsa mkaka. Gamu ikhoza kusakhala kwathunthu, kapena kukhala wofooka kwambiri. 
Postpartum, paresis yobereka
Pa nthawi yobereka komanso yobereka, ng'ombe imasowa chithandizo chapadera kuchokera kwa mwiniwake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zikhalidwe za ndende, msipu ndi chakudya ziyenera kukhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, popeza kuti kuthekera kwa kudzikuza ndi kotsika kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, sitiyenera kupatulapo mwayi woti pakhale chitukuko cha prenatal ndi postpartum paresis. Kwenikweni, matendawa amadziwonekera pa ng'ombe atangomaliza kubereka, ndipo zifukwa zomwe zimachitika zikudziwikiratu. Mu nyama zodwala, ziwalo za manja, lilime, larynx ndi kusokonezeka kwa njira zamagulu zimayang'anitsitsa, zomwe zimakhala ngati chifukwa chokana chakudya.
Nyongolotsi
Kutupa kwa nthendayi mu ng'ombe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kosalala, kuvutika maganizo ndi kukana chakudya. Nthaŵi zina, nyama zimakhala ndi kudzimbidwa (kapena mosiyana, kutsegula m'mimba), ndipo pamene matenda akufalikira, magazi amayamba.
Kawirikawiri, timadzi timene timatuluka, ndipo ubweya umayamba kutuluka ndi kutayika.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati palibe zizindikiro za kunja kwa mphutsi, makhalidwe abwino a mkaka awonongeka kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwacheperachepera - ichi ndi chifukwa chomveka choganizira kuti chiwopsezo cha mthupi mwa mkazi ndikutenga zoyenera (mwina funsani ndi veterinarian).
Ketosis
Liwu limeneli limatanthawuza matenda a zinyama, omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa thupi la ketone m'magazi awo, ndi kuphwanya kamodzi kagawodidirate, mapuloteni ndi mafuta a metabolism. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomveka kuti chitukuko cha ketosis chikhoza kukhala ngati kuchepa kwa calcium, chifukwa chake ng ombe imangodya kwambiri, komanso imachepetsa mkaka. 
N'zotheka kudziwa matendawa ndi zizindikiro zoterezi:
- kukana mwadzidzidzi chakudya;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka;
- mawonekedwe a osasamala ndi amantha;
- kukana madzi kapena kumwa kwakukulu;
- palibe chingamu.
Ng'ombe ndi ketosis imataya mwamsanga, zimawoneka zofooka ndipo zatha. Nthawi zina zinyama zimachita mantha ndipo zimakhala zopanda phokoso, ndipo zitatha kudya zimakana ngakhale kudyetsa mwana wang'ombe ndipo zimatengedwa kuti zikadye zakudya zopanda pake. Mukamaliza kumwa mankhwala a ketose kumabweretsa zotsatira zosasinthika m'thupi.
Tympania wa chilonda
Chiwopsezo cha tympanic chimatchedwa chowopsa kapena chosasintha, chowonetseredwa ndi kutuluka kwa mbali ya kumanzere, mpweya wa njala fossa ndi nkhaŵa yaikulu ya ng'ombe.
Matenda a Timpany angakhale matenda odziimira okha omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asatulukidwe, kapena chifukwa cha zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa: mwachitsanzo, kutsekeka kwa mimba kapena pharynx.
Pazochitika zonsezi, nyamayo imakana kudya, imakhala yopanda phokoso, nthawi zambiri imagona pansi, ndipo ikamera imatha kugunda m'mimba mwake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kupuma mofulumira ndi kosasunthika kumawoneka, ndipo chiwerengero cha zipsinjo za mtima chimakula kwambiri. 
Kuwonjezeka kwa zipinda zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi omwe amapezeka mwa iwo zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zina zikhale zofooka komanso zofooka za magazi, chifukwa chakuti matendawa amafunika kuthandizidwa mwamsanga.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mu ma laboratory mosamala mosamala zomwe zili mu zowawa za ng'ombe, ndiye kuti galamu imodzi yokha ili ndi mabakiteriya pafupifupi 10 biliyoni ndi tizilombo toposa mamiliyoni khumi. Ambiri a iwo ndi osowa okha, komanso ndi othandiza, chifukwa ndiwotheka kuti nyamayo ikhoza kudya chakudya chochuluka cha masamba.
Atonia rumena
Matendawa akugwirizanitsidwa ndi kupunduka kosasokonezeka, komwe kumasokonezeka, komwe kumafotokozedwa motere:
- palibe;
- wopanikizika;
- kukana kwathunthu chakudya ndi madzi.
Ng'ombe imatha kutaya thupi ndi kulemera kwake, kupanga mkaka kumaima. Zomwe zimayambitsa mkati zimakhala zocheperachepera, ndipo ngati chinyama sichiperekedwa ndi thandizo lachipatala, zimatha kufa.
Pofuna kupewa chitukukochi, musagwiritse ntchito nkhanza chakudya chomwe chimakhala chovuta kukumba (udzu, udzu kapena kuikapo), komanso kudyetsa nkhuku kapena chakudya chochepa kwa ng'ombe, kumwa madzi akuda. 
Mastitis
Mastitis ndi njira yotupa yomwe imachitika pakadula ng'ombe. Zingakhale zotsatira za matenda a ziwalo zoberekera, ndipo zikhoza kudziwonetsera zokha chifukwa cha zovunda kapena chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa nthawi yaitali m'malo amodzi (kuphatikizapo panthawi yamalonda).
Zizindikiro zazikulu za mastitis ndizo:
- Kukhalapo kwa magazi ndi mapuloteni mu mkaka;
- udder kutupa;
- malungo;
- kusowa chakudya, mpaka kukana kwathunthu chakudya.
Ng'ombeyo imakhala yopanda malire, yonyenga, yonyenga kuposa momwe ikuyenera, komanso imapatsa mkaka pang'ono. Nthawi zina (makamaka pamene matendawa akuthamanga), kuyendetsa mkaka kumapweteketsa ng'ombe.
Kuvuta kwa chithandizo cha mastitis kumadalira mawonekedwe ake (catarrhal, serous, fibrous, hemorrhagic, subclinical ndi colimastitis amasiyanitsidwa). 
Choncho, mavuto osiyanasiyana mu thupi la ng'ombe amatsogolera ku kukana chakudya. Ngati vutoli limakhala lachilendo ndipo likuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe cha thanzi, ndiye kuti sangathe kuchita popanda thandizo la veterinarian. Ndipo mwamsanga mutayamba chithandizo, mofulumira kudzabweretsa zotsatira.
