Umboni woyamba wa akalulu monga zinyama zidachitika kale, mmbuyomo. Izi zinkadziwika ku Roma zaka pafupifupi 2000 zapitazo.
Kuswana kwa zinyama izi pa mafakitale kunayamba zaka 2 zapitazo zokha.
Masiku ano, sayansi imadziwa pafupifupi mitundu 700 ya akalulu, koma chaka chilichonse chiwerengero chimenechi chimawonjezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe kapena nyama zoweta.
Mndandanda wa akalulu amachokera kulemera kwa nyama, kutalika kwa ubweya wake, komanso kukolola. Sikovuta kuganiza kuti mitundu imeneyi yomwe imadulidwa nyama imatchedwa nyama. Ndizo zomwe zidzafotokozedwe.
Soviet chinchilla
Nthanga iyi inapangidwa ndi manja a akatswiri a ziweto a Novosibirsk ndi Saratov potsatira maziko a kafukufuku wa kubzala ubweya ndi kalulu.
N.S. Zusman Kuti apange mtundu watsopanowo, zimphona zoyera zinamera ndi mtundu wa chinchilla pogwiritsa ntchito kukwatira mwana.
Asayansi ankafuna kupeza chinyama cholemera kwambiri, chowoneka bwino kwambiri, chomwe chimatha kusintha mwamsanga kusintha kwa nyengo.
Thupi la Soviet lili ndi akalulu ndi laling'ono komanso laling'ono, mutu ndi wawung'ono, poyerekeza ndi thupi, makutu amatha, aatali. Chovalacho n'chofewa, chowala, cha mtundu wa bluu. Mimba, khosi, mchira ndi m'munsi mwa m'chiuno mumakhala zoyera.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino a zikopa ndi mtundu wawo wokongola, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kusintha.
Kalulu wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 5, thupi lifika pa 57-62 masentimita, ndipo chikwama cha chifuwa ndi 37-38 masentimita. Chonde ndi bwino, kalulu amapereka akalulu osachepera asanu ndi atatu. Kukula kwachinyamata kukukula kwambiri, masiku 120 atabadwa, iwo akhoza kale kupeza makilogalamu 3.5-4 a kulemera kwa moyo. Nyama zokolola ndi 56-63%.
Chimphona chachikulu
Nyama zimenezi zili ndi mizu ya Chijeremani ndi Chibelgizi. Mtundu umenewu unayambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Nyama ndizitali komanso osankhidwa mosamala, ndipo motero adalandira zimphona zoyera.
Nyama zimenezi ndi zazikulu, thupi lawo ndi lamphamvu, lokhazikika. Kumbuyo kwawo kuli kolunjika ndi motalika, nthata imakula bwino. Mutu ndi waung'ono, makutu amfupi komanso owongoka.
Malamulo a nyamazi ndi amphamvu, makamaka mesosomal, koma pali akalulu omwe ali ndi thupi lochepa - ndilo leptosome. Utoto ndi wandiweyani, woyera woyera, monga nyama izi ndi alubino.
Kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwake, kumakhala ndi zimphona zoyera, kumakhala pa 5-5.5 makilogalamu, koma nthawi zina nyama imapeza 8 kg. Thupi liri lalitali, 60-65 masentimita, kumanga m'chifuwa - 37-38 masentimita.
Kwa azimayi amodzi amatha kubereka, pafupipafupi, akalulu 7-8. Zinyama zazing'ono zimalemera pang'onopang'ono. Patsikulo kalulu amapereka mkaka wa 170-220 g mkaka. Amayi ndi abwino.
Kwa zimphona zoyera omwe amadziwika kuti ndi odzichepetsa. Amafulumira kuzoloŵera nyengo ya dera.
Gulu lalikulu limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yatsopano ya akalulu chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino.
Kalulu wa siliva
Poyambitsa mtundu watsopano, akalulu a mtundu wa Champagne ankasankhidwa mosamala. Mu 1952, akatswiri a ziweto a ku Tula ndi ku Poltava adatha kubzala mtundu watsopano. Chiwerengero cha akalulu "atsopano" chinali chachikulu kuposa awo omwe analipo kale. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo anali osiyana ndi kukhala ndi ubwino wabwino.
Zowoneka, zinyamazi zimakhala zowonongeka, thupi liri lonse, likukula pafupi ndi m'chiuno. Mutu ndi waung'ono, makutu amatha, chifuwacho ndi chowopsa, kumbuyo kuli ngakhale, kuzungulira kumakhala kwakukulu, pang'ono.
Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, minofu yomwe ili pa iyo imakula bwino, imakhala bwino. Maso a bulauni. Malamulo a mtundu wa mesosomal, thupi lalitali limakwana 57 masentimita, ndipo nsalu ya sternum ndi pafupifupi 36 masentimita. Kulemera kwake ndi 4.5 kg, nthawi zina kumatha kufika makilogalamu 6.
Fecundity ndi yabwino, Akalulu 8 pa nthawi. Nyama zazing'ono zimayamba kulemera pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chakuti zimaperekedwa kuti ziphe nyama. Nyama imatuluka mokoma kwambiri, mwachifundo. Akalulu aang'ono amadyetsedwa bwino. Kuchokera kwa akalulu okhala ndi masiku 120, mukhoza kupeza 57-61% ya nyama polemera.
Chovalacho ndi chofiira, mtundu wa siliva. Mutu wamkati uli woyera, pansi ndi buluu, ndipo tsitsi lotsogolera liri lakuda.
Poyamba, akalulu amabadwa wakuda, patatha mwezi umodzi ubweya umayamba kukhala ndi mthunzi. Patapita miyezi inayi, mtundu wa ubweya umakhala wofanana ndi akuluakulu.
Ndibwino kusunga nyama za mtundu uwu pansi pa denga m'maselo ofunika, monga momwe zinthu zilili potsekedwa, zokolola zawo zimachepa, amayamba kusonyeza kuti akukwiya, ndipo kukula kwa achinyamata sikungatheke.
Akalulu akayamba, mtundu wa ubweyawo umasintha kwambiri. Tsitsi lingakhale lowala kapena lofiira. Pambuyo pokonza, mtundu wa khungu ndi wodabwitsa, pambali pake, osati wandiweyani kwambiri.
Kalulu wabuluu wa Viennese
Zinyama zimenezi zinabadwira ku Austria kuchokera ku akalulu a Moravia ndi Flandres. Sali zazikulu kwambiri, koma, kukula kwake. Malangizo a sandpaper, koma chifukwa cha kulemera kwabwino nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti aphe nyama.
Thupi ndi lofewa, oblong, mafupa ndi amphamvu, ndipo miyendo imakhala bwino. Malamulo a mtundu wa mesosomal.
Kulemera kwake ndi 4.6 makilogalamu, kulemera kwake kumakhala pa 5 kg. Thupi limakhala lalitali mamita 57-58, ndipo nsalu ya sternum ndi 36 masentimita. Kalulu amabereka nthawi, kawirikawiri akalulu 8-9, aliyense akulemera pafupifupi 72 g.
Kuyamwa kwazimayi ndibwino, ndi amayi achikondi. Mu miyezi iwiri ya moyo, nyama zinyama zilemera mu 1.7 kg, mu miyezi itatu - 2.6 makilogalamu, mu 4 - 3 makilogalamu. Akalulu a buluu a Viennese amavutika ndi nyengo yolimba, m'nyengo yozizira akhoza kupulumutsa ana.
Zikopa zochokera ku zinyamazi ndizokongola, mitundu yokongola kwambiri. Mulu ndi ofewa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi. Mfundozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a chilengedwe komanso ochiritsidwa.
Rex Rabbit Chiberekero
Nyama izi zili ndi mizu ya ku France. Anachotsedwa mu zaka za zana la makumi awiri, koma pa gawo la CIS yatsopano yachokera ku Germany.
Ng'ombe yaikulu ndi yaikulu - imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 3-4.5, ndi thupi lokhala ndi maola 40-54 cm. Thupi siligwedezeka, kumangidwa kolimba, mafupa ndi opepuka komanso owonda. Nthata ndi yakuya, koma yopapatiza, pali pang'ono.
Kumbuyo kuli ngakhale kumang'onong'ono kochepa. Miyendo ndi yopepuka. Zinyama zazing'ono zimalemera pang'onopang'ono. Kwa mwezi woyamba wa moyo, amapeza 700 g, chifukwa chachiwiri - 1.7 makilogalamu, chachitatu - 2.2 makilogalamu.
Pa nthawi yomwe amakwanitsa zaka zoposa zinayi, zinyama zimatha kupeza ma kgilo 2.4. Akalulu sali ochuluka kwambiri, ana amodzi amakhala ndi akalulu 5 - 6. Nyama imasintha zakudya, zokoma kwambiri, zachifundo.
Zikopa zamtengo wapatali za nyama izi. Kujambula zithunzi kungakhale kosiyana kwambiri - wakuda, bulauni, woyera, buluu. Kukula kwa zikopa kungakhalenso kosiyana. Chifukwa cha tsitsi laling'ono lomwe likuoneka kuti pakati pa kukonzedwa. Mu mtundu wa zikopa izi sizikusowa.
Tsatanetsatane wa ubweya "Butterfly"
Mbalame iyi ya ku Belarus inalembedwa poyendetsa akalulu a agulugufe a ku England ndi anthu amderalo.
Ana oberekedwa anawoloka ndi Flandres, ndipo nyama zawo zakubadwa zinamera ndipo gulugufe la Belarus. Chifukwa cha chitsimikizo, kalulu wa mtundu uwu amatha kubereka ana akulu (akalulu 8) ndi mkaka wochuluka.
Thupi la nyama zimenezi limakhala lalitali masentimita 54, ndipo girth ya chifuwa ndi 36 cm.
Thupi ndi mtundu wa Eyrisomnogo. Kuchuluka kwake kulemera kwake ndi 4.3 makilogalamu, kupitirira - 4.9 makilogalamu. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kolimba, mutu ndi wa usinkhu wausinkhu, makutu ali a usinkhu wautali. Chifuwa cha chifuwa, nthawi zina pamakhala chisokonezo. Kumbuyo kuli lonse, oblong. Mphunoyi ndi yochuluka, yozungulira.
Mitsempha yamphamvu, yolunjika, yovuta. Ubweya wambiri. Thupi liri loyera, lakuda, la buluu, mawanga a chinchilla. Maonekedwe a mawanga samasintha: mawonekedwe a butterfly pamasaya ndi mphuno, pali lamba lakumbuyo kumbuyo, palinso nsabwe pamaso, pamwamba pa mchira ndi makutu a mtundu wakuda.
Akalulu a mtundu uwu amatha kusinthana ndi nyengo ya derali, akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chapafupi.
Kalulu wa California
Kuchokera pa dzina wina amatha kumvetsa kuti America ndi malo obadwira a nyama izi. Kugawo la Ulaya kunayambika m'ma 1970. Akalulu a California angathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito posauka, ndipo amawongolera mosavuta mafakitale.
Akazi a mtundu uwu kwambiri ndipo ndi amayi abwino kwambiri, choncho anawo amasungidwa bwino. Thupi la nyamazi ndiloling'ono, koma lolemera - 5.5-6 makilogalamu. Akazi amayamba kubala ali ndi miyezi 5, akalulu 9-10 amatha kubereka nthawi.
Kalulu nyama ya mtundu uwu ndi wachifundo kwambiri komanso chokoma. Zingathe kulemera mwamsanga, zoyenera kuphedwa.
Minofu yonse m'thupi la akalulu imakula bwino, ngakhale mafupawo ndi ofooka komanso ochepa. Khosi liri pafupi losawoneka, ndi lalifupi kwambiri. Chophimba chophimba ndi chofiira, chowopsya, chopanda pansi. Tsitsi ndi loyera, lowala, miyendo ya m'munsi, makutu, mchira ndi nsonga ya mphuno ndi mdima wandiweyani. Nkhutu ndizochepa, ziwongole.
Maso a mithunzi yofiira ndi pinki. Nyama ndizokhazikika, koma zimakhala zokhazikika.
Ndili ndi miyezi iwiri, akalulu ang'onoang'ono akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 1.8, ndipo nyama zowonongeka kwambiri - 2-2.3 makilogalamu. Pakatha miyezi itatu, kulemera kwake kungakhale 2.6-2.7 makilogalamu. Nyama zokolola ndi 60%.
Mabulu Okhudza "Flandr"
Zilombozi za ku Belgium zinawonekera m'zaka za zana la 19. Thupi lawo liri lalitali, mafupa amphamvu.
Mutu ndi waukulu, mawonekedwe ozungulira. Makutu ndi otalika ndi otalika, akulowerera kumapeto.
Sternum imapangidwa bwino, nsalu kumbuyo kwa mapewa ndi opitirira 37 masentimita. Kumbuyo kuli kwakukulu, ngakhalenso nthawizina pali kapu kakang'ono. Mphunoyi ndi yayikulu. Thupi la thupi liri 67 cm kapena kuposa.
Kulemera kwa mwamuna wamwamuna wamkulu ndiko 5.5 cm, ndipo pazitali ndi 8-8.5 makilogalamu. Chiberekero ndichiwerengero, akalulu 6-7 akhoza kubadwa panthawi. Nyama yongoberekera yeniyeni ya 60-65 g. Pakadutsa miyezi inayi kuchokera kubeleka, kulemera kwake ndi 2.1-3.3 makilogalamu.
Furusi ndi mtundu wosiyana. Ngati chinyamacho ndi mtundu wa agouti, koma uli ndi thupi lofiirira, gawo la pansi pa mchira ndi m'mimba ndi loyera, mphukira pamakutu ndi pamwamba pa mchira muli wakuda. Ngati nyamayi imakhala imdima, tsitsi lonse limakhala lofiira ndi lofiira, nsalu yotchedwa undercoat ndi buluu, mimba ili yowala.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbuzi.
Kalulu wa Thuringi
Nyama izi ndizo khungu la nyama, koma chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kwa makilogalamu 3-5 amakulira makamaka kuti aphedwe.
Nyama ndi yokoma kwambiri, yathanzi, ndipo khungu ndi lofewa komanso lokongola. Dziko lakwawo laling'ono ndi German Thuringia, ndipo iwo anawonekera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Kuti abereke mtundu watsopano, akalulu a Russian, ndalama ndi zowonongeka anawoloka.
Thupi linagwera pansi, lolimba, lofupikitsidwa khosi, miyendo yokhala ndi minofu yambiri, yaying'ono m'litali. Chovalacho ndi chofiira kwambiri, ndipo pali chophimba chakuda pamphuno, m'chiuno, makutu, ndi mbali.
Utoto umakhala wowala, wosalala kwambiri mpaka kukhudza. Mtundu umatha kusintha chaka chonse.
Zifupa "Black-Brown"
Ubweya wa nyamazi ndi wofiira kwambiri, womwe dzina la mtunduwo unayambira. Kawirikawiri, mtundu wa malaya ndi wovuta kwambiri. Pambali pa chovalacho ndi bulauni chakuda, pamutu ndi kumbuyo kuli wakuda.
Pansi pali buluu loyera, tsitsi laulonda ndi lofiira. Pobereka mtundu uno pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, Flandre, White giant ndi njiwa ya Vienna zidadutsa.
Nyama zimadziwika kukolola kwakukulu, kuyesetsa kulemera, pakatikati pa nyengo. Ubweya ndi nyama zapamwamba.
Kulemera kwake ndi 5 kg, koma nthawi zambiri ntchentche zimadya 7 kg. Thupi lagonjetsedwa, lolimba, mutu ndi lalikulu, sternum ndi yochuluka, miyendo ndi yowola, minofu.
Akalulu aang'ono amalemera pafupifupi 80 g, ndipo ali ndi miyezi itatu - kale 3 kg. Mkazi nthawi imodzi amapereka akalulu 7-8. Ubweya ndi wofewa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Akalulu Oyera a New Zealand
Miyeso ya nyama izi ndizopakati, ubweya ndi woyera.
Alubino ameneŵa anasankhidwa ku akalulu a ku New Zealand ku America m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 1900. Chisankho chotsatira chinali cholinga cha kusankha kukula kwakukulu, kupeza nyama yapamwamba kwambiri.
Pofuna kupeza nyama yochulukitsa nyama, anthu osankhidwa anadutsa ndi Flandres.
Iwo amatsutsana bwino. Kulemera kwa kukwala kwakukulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 4 ndi 5 kg. Makhalidwe a thupi ndi amphamvu, thupi ndiloling'ono, lalifupi, minofu imapangidwa bwino, kumbuyo kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo miyendo ndi yamphamvu.
Achinyamata akudya mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe ndizo zimaimira mtundu uwu. Kwa miyezi iwiri, akalulu, omwe amabadwa molemera 45 g, amafika 2 kg, ndipo patatha miyezi itatu atabadwa, amalemera 2.7-3 makilogalamu.
Nyama ndi calorie yochepa chifukwa cha minofu yotukuka kwambiri. Ubweya uli ndi khalidwe lomwelo monga nyama. Chovalacho ndi chowoneka, choyera. Akazi amabereka akalulu 7 mpaka 12 panthawi imodzi. Kawirikawiri akalulu a mtundu uwu amakulira ngati nyama zamchere.
Ndi bwino kukula akalulu kuti mupeze nyama zabwino kuposa kugula m'sitolo. Kotero mudzadziwa kuti mu zakudya zamtundu mulibe maantibayotiki ndi mankhwala ena omwe angathe kuvulaza.
