Wamasamba aliyense amakhulupirira kuti ndiwo zamasamba m'munda ayenera kukhala okonda zachilengedwe. Choncho, ambiri samagwiritsa ntchito feteleza mankhwala m'minda yawo. Kukolola kwa mbatata ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthaka isadutse.
Ndikofunikira! Mbatata imatha kukula pamalo amodzi kwa zaka 4. Pambuyo pake, kukwera kwa mbatata kumafunika kusinthidwa. Apo ayi, mungathe kupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zingakuvulazeni mbewu yanu.
Ngati mukukana kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, mankhwala obiriwira amawathandiza (amawononga mofulumira ndipo samasiya zinthu zoipa). Kugwiritsira ntchito sideratov kungapangitse zokolola za mbatata yanu pa tsamba.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata
Siderata akhoza kukhala zomera za pachaka ndi mizu yabwino ya nthambi.: nandolo, sweet clover, lupine, sardella, nyemba, nkhuku, nyemba, mphodza, soya.
Mizu yobiriwira yobiriwira, kumasula nthaka, kukonzanso mapangidwe ake, ndi nsonga zazitsamba ndi kudula nthaka. Zida zimatsimikiziranso kuti mchere udzabwezeretsedwanso m'nthaka yomwe idakonzedweratu.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu zabwino za mbatata zimafuna nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Mu nyemba (ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga manyowa obiriwira) a zinthu izi wochuluka.
Mankhwala abwino a mbatata (ngakhale kuti ali ndi magawo ochepa a nayitrogeni) ali kugwiriridwa, mpiru, colza, fatselia, oats, rye, tirigu. Mitundu iyi imateteza nthaka kuti isamangidwe, kutaya madzi, kuyimitsa ndi mchere wothandiza. M'nyengo yozizira ikafesa, zomera izi zidzapulumutsa dothi pozizira kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa chisanu.
Mukudziwa? Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yobiriwira yobiriwira: mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi zomera zambiri zimapindulitsa mchere. Yankho lotere limatsimikiziridwa kuti liwonjezere zokolola.
Mmene mungabzalitsire siderata pansi pa mbatata
Musanabzala udothi, nthaka imasulidwa - zomera ziyenera kukhazikika ndi kupereka zokwanira zobiriwira.
Ndikofunikira! 1.5 - 2 kg ya mbewu imafesedwa pa 1 mita mita imodzi.
Nkhumba za mbatata zimabzalidwa m'dzinja 1.5 miyezi isanayambe nyengo yozizira - mu September. Mbeu za sideratov (zabwino koposa zonse, zokolola - zimalekerera nyengo yozizira) zimabalalitsidwa pamwamba pa chiwembucho, ndipo zimayimidwa ndi mchenga. Mukhoza kubzala mbewu zopanda kanthu (2-3 masentimita).
Kufesa mwatsopano kumaphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ka kompositi. Mu Meyi, zokolola zimakololedwa ndi mbatata zimabzalidwa pamalo awo..
Ngati kufesa kumakonzedwa kumapeto, manyowa ayenera kugwa pansi kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April - kumayambiriro kwa May (nthaka ikhale yotentha ndi 3-5 cm). Kusakaniza bwino kwa spring sedertov: oats, mopepuka, mpiru woyera.
Patatha milungu iwiri musanadzalemo mbatata, zidutswa zimadulidwa ndi tchire ndipo zimakumba nthaka mozama masentimita 8 mpaka 16. Panthawiyi, mtundu wobiriwira umakhala ndi nthawi yovunda ndikukhala feteleza wabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Musalole maluwa ndi maphunziro pambewu za siderata! Ngati simukuchotsa siderata pa nthawi, mmalo mowagwiritsa ntchito mudzavulazidwa - namsongole adzawonekera.
Mbatata pa tsambali, feteleza ndi sideratami, idabzala ku kuya kwa masentimita 5-6 chodzala mbatata ndi mpiru. Njira yotereyi ili ndi ubwino wambiri: mpiru umasula nthaka, "udzu" wamsongole, umasunga chinyezi, amawopseza tizirombo.
Pamene masamba a mbatata ndi mpiru ali ofanana mu msinkhu, mpiru ayenera kuchotsedwakotero kuti mbatata imatha kukula bwino. Dulani zomera zingasiyidwe mu kanjira, ndipo zingathetsedwe mu kompositi.
Mukudziwa? 3 makilogalamu a mtundu wobiriwira wa manyowa wobiriwira m'malo mwa makilogalamu 1.5 a manyowa.Kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa wobiriwira mu kulima mbatata kumakupatsani inu kukolola makilogalamu oposa 50 kuchokera ku chiwembu kusiyana ndi chiwembu chomwecho popanda kusokoneza.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zobiriwira zili zochulukirapo, ndiye kuti zimayamba kutembenuka wowawasa, osapunthwa. Ngati sideratov inakula kwambiri - pangani gwiritsani ntchito kompositi.
Kubzala mbatata pambuyo pa sideratov
Mu masabata awiri mutatha kukolola sideratov mukhoza kuyamba kubzala mbatata. Nthawi ino ndi yokwanira kuti zinyama zobiriwira, zinkangokhala pansi, zowola ndi kulemeretsa dziko lapansi ndi mchere.
Tizilombo timabzala m'madzi (kapena grooves) kuya kuya 5-7 masentimita. Kuti nthaka ikhale yotsegula, buckwheat kapena mpiru pa mbatata imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo oterowo adzaloleza dothi kukhala lomasulidwa ndi zidutswa.
Buckwheat ikhoza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthaka, kuti lipindule nthaka ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu, ndi zigawo za organic. Koma pamene nsonga za mbatata zimakhala zofanana mu kutalika ndi sideratami, zotsirizirazo zimadulidwa (mbatata ziyenera kukhala bwino).
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani zokolola za mbewu: manyowa obiriwira pamalowa chaka chilichonse amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyana-siyana.
Chofesedwa mutatha kukolola
Pofuna kuonjezera zokolola zam'tsogolo, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zam'mimba mwamsanga mutatha kukolola mbatata.
Nthaka imafesedwa kwa oats yozizira, nandolo, mpiru woyera. M'chaka, izi zimadulidwa. Iwo akhoza kusiya m'munda, pang'ono prikopav kapena owazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Zowola zobiriwira ndi kukhala feteleza wabwino kwa mbatata.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbatata imakhudza kwambiri nthaka yomwe ikukula. Ndicho chifukwa chake muyenera kulemeretsa nthaka ndi feteleza zokondweretsa zachilengedwe pa nyengo yotsatira yobzala.
Mukudziwa? Ngati kudula ndi chimanga chachikulu ndi banja limodzi, ndiye kuti sayenera kukhala wamkulu pa chiwembu chomwecho.
