Kukula anyezi ndi ntchito yowoneka ngati yosavuta, koma kwenikweni sizimapereka zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Mavuto azanyengo, tizirombo ndi matenda nthawi zambiri zimalepheretsa wokolola m'munda wabwino. Komabe, zovuta zambiri zitha kupewedwa poyendetsa njira zingapo podzikonzera mababu kuti mubzale.
Chifukwa chiyani kukonza anyezi musanadzalemo
Anyezi ndi dimba losasinthika lomwe limalimidwa kulikonse m'dziko lathu. Ndizovuta kulingalira Russian, komanso zakudya zina zilizonse popanda ndiwo zamasamba. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukumana ndi anyezi m'munda uliwonse - kaya ndi dacha chiwembu cha wokhala mumzinda kapena malo okhala. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ulimiwu ndiwosavuta, pali zinthu zina zomwe siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa.
Okonda anyezi amalima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi
Pofuna kukhala ndi nthenga zabwino nthawi yotentha komanso mababu okongola pofika nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imayenera kukonzekera bwino kuti ibzalidwe. Kusankhidwa kwa njere, chithandizo chake ku tizirombo ndi matenda, akuwukitsa kuti azikulitsa kukula ndiye njira zazikulu zodzitetezera kutsimikizira kukolola. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira mbeu. Pakuyesera ndi kulakwitsa, wolimi aliyense amasankha yekha njira yoyenera.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Kukonzekera mababu kubzala ndi gawo loyamba komanso lofunikira kwambiri pakubzala. Zilibe kanthu kuti mutagula masheya pamsika, m'masitolo, kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zanu - kukonza moyenera mababu ndikudziwuza kukolola mtsogolo m'njira zambiri.
Kukonzekera mbewu kumakhala ndi:
- kukonza;
- kutentha;
- kuyika mu njira yosangalatsa;
- kusazindikira.
Kusintha ndi kutentha
Asanayambe mwachindunji kukonzekera, anyezi amasankhidwa, kuchotsa zonse zowola, zowonongeka kapena zowerengeka zokayikitsa. Nsonga zouma ziyenera kudulidwa mosamalitsa, osawononga malangizo obiriwira omwe agwada. Kuchita uku kumalimbikitsa mbande zochezeka ndipo zimathandizira pang'ono kumera. Munjira, muyenera kulanda mamba onse owuma, omwe amatha kupatukana mosavuta.
Mababu obzalidwa ndi anyezi peel samakula bwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti masikelo samangoletsa kukula, komanso amatulutsa zinthu zovulaza m'nthaka, ndipo izi zimakhudza kukula kwa mbewu.
Mababu amoyo wathanzi amasanjidwa ndi kukula ndikuyikidwa kuti iume. Mbewu zouma kwa sabata pamalo owuma, otentha, kutentha pafupifupi +25zaC. Ndizotentha komanso mpweya wouma womwe umapulumutsa anyezi kuchokera ku nematode, yemwe sakonda kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu komwe tizilombo timene timakhalako ndi +22zaC.
Kukula anyezi pa nthenga kapena mpiru kutengera ndi kukula kwa mababu, chifukwa chake sankhani mbewu
Zodabwitsa ndizakuti mababu akuluakulu amakula kuchokera ku mbewu zazing'ono, motero alimi omwe amalima anyezi kuti azigulitsa, amasiya zinthu zazing'onozi zokha. Mababu akulu adzakondweretsa wosamalira mundawo ndi nthenga zoyambirira ndi njere zam'tsogolo.
Zosangalatsa ndi Fitosporin
Masiku atatu musanabzala bulb, ndikofunikira kuti mulowerere tsiku limodzi ndi madzi ofunda (kutentha + 32 ... +35zaC) Kuchita izi kudzathandizira kutentha kwa seti ndikuthandizira kuchotsa ma flakes owonjezera. Phytosporin yowonjezeredwa ndi madzi idzakhala njira yabwino yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchotsa kufunika kotola mu potaziyamu yaanganimu ya potaziyamu. 20 g wa ufa, kusungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, amalimbana ndi matenda ambiri a fungus ndi bakiteriya. Mukatentha, muyenera kuyesa kuyang'anitsa mabalawo ku shati yoyera ndikuikamo thumba la pulasitiki. Kwa masiku awiri firiji, mizu ndi malangizo obiriwira azidzawoneka - zitatha, anyezi atabzyala.
Fitosporin popanga tizilombo tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa manyowa komanso popanga dothi.
Kutentha ndi zopukusira zamagulu
Kutentha m'madzi ofunda kungaphatikizidwe ndi kukondoweza. Kuti muchite izi, onjezani Epin kapena Zircon pamadzi pamatsinje 40 pa madzi okwanira. Mankhwalawa amafulumizitsa kukula ndi kupangidwa kwa mizu, komanso kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira cha matenda kumatenda komanso nyengo yovuta, koma chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi ndikofunikira acidite madzi. Mutha kuwonjezera njere ya asidi kapena ngati malangizo amalangizidwa, 1 g pa malita asanu amadzi.
Chizindikiro
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zopereka zamagetsi sizikhala ndi zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, motero mababu amayenera kupukutidwa musanabzalidwe mu nthaka. Spungi za pathogenic ndizochepa kwambiri kuti sizitha kuwoneka popanda maikulosikopu, kotero ngakhale mababu akuwoneka kuti ndi oyera komanso athanzi, simuyenera kusiya kuchita izi.
Pali njira zingapo zothandizira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa kubzala, koma si onse omwe ndi othandiza monga momwe amanenera.
Potaziyamu permanganate
Chida chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi ndi potaziyamu permanganate. Mababu adanyowa musanadzalemo mu njira yamdima ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndipo nthawi yophukira masika, njirayi imatha maola 2, ndipo m'dzinja - mphindi 5. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti m'dzinja muyenera kubzala mababu, osaloleza kudzuka, apo ayi azizizira nyengo yachisanu.
Potaziyamu permanganate ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo padziko lonse lapansi
Vitriol wabuluu
Copper sulfate mwina ndi yachiwiri yodziwika bwino yothandizira matenda onse. 1 tsp ufa umasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kutentha kwamphamvu kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi +45zaC. Mababu amatenthedwa chimodzimodzi ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, poganizira nthawi ya chaka.
Musanabzale, anyezi amathira pansi mu yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa
Kugwiritsa ntchito koloko, mchere ndi ammonia
M'malo potaziyamu wa potaziyamu, wamaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yophika ndi soda. Kuti izi zitheke, musanadzalemo mababu, koloko (1 tsp. Per 10 l) umadzidulira m'madzi ofunda (+ 40 ... +45zaC) ndi zilowerere mbewu kwa mphindi 10-15.
Njira yothira mchere umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa anyezi musanadzalemo
Msuzi umagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati utsi pomwe ufa wa powdery kapena matenda ena awoneka pa mbande, koma mankhwalawa samabweretsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Nthawi zambiri mutha kupeza upangiri wowetsa mababu mu yankho lamchere, koma awa ndi malingaliro otsutsana. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti muyezo uwu ndi wopanda pake pakukonzekera anyezi kuti mubzale. Komabe, kuthirira mbande pansi pa muzu ndi yankho lamchere (200 g pa 10 malita a madzi) ndi chida chabwino kwambiri popewa ntchentche za anyezi. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pa ammonia solution. Kuthirira mbewuzo (supuni 5 pa ndowa imodzi) kumathandizanso kuti mbande zisakhale ndi tizirombo tina, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa acid m'nthaka ndikulemeretsa ndi nayitrogeni.
Njira yothetsera birch phula
Omwe alimi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira phula. Njira yotsutsana, omwe amatsata omwe amatsata kuti tar imathandizira kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri, kuwonjezera apo, ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe samavulaza nthaka komanso chikhalidwe pachokha.
Omwe amathandizira kulima kwachilengedwe pokonzekera kubzala mbewu amakonda birch phula
Anyezi wowonda ndi wouma amasungidwa mu chowonjezera chilichonse, kenako ndikuyika kwa maola 2-4 mu phula la phula. Ndiosavuta kuphika - 1 lita imodzi ya madzi muyenera kusungunula 1 tbsp. l phula. Kutentha kwamphamvu kumayenera kukhala mozungulira +20zaC. Kuti mababu asayandame, adaphimbidwa ndi mbale.
Tsabola wofiyira komanso sopo wamadzimadzi
Mababu nthawi zambiri amawawiritsa munthawi yothira tsabola wofiira ndi sopo. Mothandizidwa ndi sevka amatetezedwa ku matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo tina. Kukonzekera yankho mu 1 l yamadzi, 3 g ya tsabola wofiyira ndi 1 tsp ndi madzi. wobiriwira kapena sopo wina aliyense.
Kuyambira tsabola wofiira ndi sopo wamadzi amapanga njira yothetsera anyezi
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe
Kukonzekera, machitidwe omwe amachokera pantchito ya mabakiteriya opindulitsa, athandizira kuteteza anyezi ku zowola, bacteriosis ndi alternariosis. Chimodzi mwa mankhwala odziwika kwambiri - Trichodermin - chilipo mu ufa kapena mawonekedwe oimitsidwa. Pakukonza, mutha kuthira mababu ndi ufa kapena zilowerere mu njira yokonzedwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo.
Plriz ilinso ndi zomwezi. Kufufuza mababu tsiku limodzi musanabzale ndi yankho la 1% la mankhwalawa kumakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso osangalatsa.
Vidiyo: kukonzekera ndi kubzala anyezi sevka kasupe
Kukonzekera dothi ndi mabedi
Pokonzekera mabedi ofesa anyezi, muyenera kuganizira omwe adalipo kale. Kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa mbewuyi, chifukwa mababu sangabzalidwe pamalo omwe idalimo kale. Zoyambitsa anyezi oyipa ndiz:
- adyo
- kaloti;
- amadyera;
- zonunkhira.
Sevka amakula bwino pambuyo:
- kabichi;
- nkhaka
- nyemba;
- siderats.
Mabedi obzala anyezi amakonzedwa mu kugwa. Yambitsani manyowa owola pamlingo wa chidebe 1 pa 1 mita2 ndi kukumba bwino. Popeza kuti sanakonde anyezi ku dothi lamac acid, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena ufa wa dolomite m'nthaka. Kuyeza kumeneku sikungangochulukitsa dziko lapansi, komanso kungalemeretsa ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira zokutsata. Zopangira michere yokumba sizikupanga, chifukwa anyezi amasamala kwambiri mchere wambiri. Ndikwabwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati mavalidwe apamwamba pakukula.
Bedi lokhazikika ndi lomwe anakumba loti lisanthulike limatsanulidwa ndi yankho la Fitosporin (5 g wa ufa pa 10 l yamadzi). Izi zitha kubwerezedwa mchaka, musanabzala.
Kukonzedwa ndikubzala mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse, sevka imakondwera ndi nthenga yathanzi komanso mababu akuluakulu.
Njira yanga yodzikonzera anyezi kwa kubzala ndi yosavuta koma yothandiza. Masabata awiri isanachitike ntchito yodzala, ndimasanja mababu, kusenda masamba owonjezera, ndikudula nsonga zouma ndikuziyika pa boarding. Timakhala m'nyumba yanyumba ndipo timagwiritsa ntchito chowiritsa madzi. Nthawi zonse kumatentha, kutentha kutentha kumakhalako pafupifupi +40zaC ndi malo abwino achitenthe mababu. Pakatha milungu iwiri, ndimawiritsa nyemba mu yankho la Fitosporin-M. Mosiyana ndi Fitosporin wamba mu mawonekedwe a ufa, kukonzekera kumeneku kumakhala kosasinthika kwakuda. Koma zomwe ndizofunikira - ndizophatikizidwa ndi humic acid, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous (phukusi limanenanso zonse zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pokonzekera). Chifukwa chake, ndikumata mababu mu njira ya Fitosporin-M, nthawi yomweyo ndimatulutsa maantiva ndikuwonjezera kukula. Mabakiteriya opindulitsa omwe ali mu kukonzawa amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya, komanso zowonjezera za humic komanso zowunikira sizimangokhala ndi zotsitsimutsa, komanso zimathandizira kusakhazikika kwa mbewu. Ndidanyowetsa mababu masana ndikuwakhazikitsa m'mabedi okonzeka. Anyezi ndi wabwino kwambiri - samadwala ndipo satembenukira chikasu pasadakhale.
Fitosporin-M ndiwachuma - kukonzekera njira yogwirira ntchito, 200 g ya phala limatsitsidwa mu 400 ml ya madzi. Pali chofunikira kwambiri pano - madzi ampopi a chlorine amapha tizilombo tothandiza tonse, chifukwa chake simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito. Pofukiza mababu, ndinasamba 1 tbsp. l ntchito yankho mu 1 lita imodzi yamadzi kuchokera pachitsime chaukadaulo.
Ngakhale kuphweka kwake, anyezi wokula samalekerera. Popeza takhala nthawi yayitali ndikugwira ntchito pokonzekera mbewu kuti zibzalidwe, titha kupewa kutuluka kwa matenda ndi tizilombo tina mtsogolo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchepetsa kuyesayesa kukulira mbewu. Kubzala mbewu musanakhwime ndikosavuta komanso osati kolemetsa, ngakhale novice amatha kuthana nayo.
