Lavender (lat Lavandula) - woimira mtundu wa zomera za Yasnotkovyh (Lamiaceae kapena Labiatae). Dzina limachokera ku Chigriki. "Lava", kutanthauza "kutsuka", ndi chifukwa chakuti ku Greece, lavender inawonjezeredwa kusamba. Botanists amatulutsa mitundu 47 ya zomera. Lavender ikuchokera ku Mediterranean. Popeza kuti lavender sikununkhira kokha, komanso mankhwala ena, anthu ankakonda zomera ndipo ankasintha lavender kunyumba, kapena kuti anayamba kukula maluwa a lavender m'miphika ndi mabedi.
Kukula lavender kunyumba kumaphatikizapo kusankha malo abwino, kukonzekera njere, ndi kuzikhazikitsa. Mbali yofunika ya kukula kwa lavender kunyumba ndi kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Kukula kwa lavender panyumba kumakhala kosavuta ngati muli wosangalala wa kanyumba kanyengo komwe mungathe kulima lavender pa mafakitale, ndikuyesa mitundu. Kunyumba, chirichonse chimawoneka chosavuta, chifukwa mutha kutenga chophimba chapadera, kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito ngalande. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri: panyumba muli ndi mwayi wobzala lavender pamalo a dzuwa kumene sikufunika kuwonjezereka kokwanira.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti lavender mu mphika ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri chomera ndipo amachititsa mavuto ambiri, koma izi ndi nthano. Ndizotheka kukula lavender kuchokera ku nyemba mu mphika pawindo lanu lazenera: mbewu yokha ndi yopanda ulemu. Pafupipafupi mawindo ndi ma bedi, tikhoza kupeza mitundu iwiri ya lavender: broadleaf ndi chotsitsa. Mitundu yonse yonseyi imamera bwino komanso imakhala pachimake. Tidzakambirana zambiri zokhudza zovuta komanso zinsinsi za lavender, za malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mumakhala kumpoto kapena pafupi ndi kumpoto, ndiye kuti muzisankha lavender yopapatiza, chifukwa ndi yovuta kwambiri.
M'phika lomwe limakula lavender, sankhani kukula
Mizu ya anthu akuluakulu amafunika malo ambiri kuti athe kusamalira maluwa ndi masamba. Kuti musamalire bwino ndi kubzala lavender, muyenela kukonda mphika kapena chidebe choyamba, chifukwa ngakhale masika, chilimwe ndi nthawi yoyamba yophukira maluwa anu amatha kutchire, mukufunabe kuchotsa m'nyengo yozizira (zomwe sizingatheke, Mungathe kubisala lavender mu mphepo) mu "malo okhala" abwino komanso omasuka. Chomera ichi, kuyambira ndi majeremusi, chimakonda miphika yayikulu ndi zitsulo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale mutangobzala lavender, sankhani mawonekedwe apakatikati.
Kuti lavender ikhale yoyenera ndi yoyenera, muyenera kukumbukira chitsanzo chimodzi - mphika wawung'ono, malo ochepetsera zakudya ndi kukula, zochepa maluwa. Chombocho (poto) chiyenera kukhala ndi malita awiri ndi mamita 30 cm.Phika ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo okwanira kukhetsa madzi, koma miyala kapena ngalande sayenera "kutseka" mabowo awa mutabzala.
Momwe mungasankhire malo a lavender
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti lavender sikutanthauza kuti munthu azikhala m'nyumba, koma izi ndi nthano. Inde, lavender imafuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma zomera zonse zimafuna kusamalira! Kotero Chofunika kwambiri pa mtengo wa maluwa anu chidzakhala malo a "moyo" wake. Pano, malingaliro a akatswiri a botani amasiyana: ena amakhulupirira kuti lavender amamva bwino pamunda, ena - ali m'nyumba.
Mulimonsemo, malo abwino kwambiri a lavender adzakhala malo a dzuwa, otetezedwa. Ngati mutasiya duwa m'nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kuliphimba. Nthaka imene lavender yabzalidwa imafuna chidwi kwambiri: ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga ndikukumbukira kuti nthaka ikhale yamchere.
Mukudziwa? Lavender ndi bwino kuti musabzalidwe pawindo, komwe kuli betri, chifukwa idzaumitsa.
Kusamalira lavender
Lavender imafuna chisamaliro choyenera ndi kubzala, zomwe zimachitika momveka bwino pa kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Tanena kale kufunika kokhala ndi dzuwa mpaka masamba ndi maluwa, choncho ndi bwino kuika mphika wa lavender kumwera. M'chilimwe, lavender imayendetsedwa "kuyenda" pa khonde. Koma kuyenda kumayambira ndi ora, chifukwa ngati mutasiya chomera kunja kwa nthawi yayitali, ikhoza kutaya mpweya wokwanira.
Lavender ndi thermophilic, koma sakonda kuuma. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kuyika lavender pawindo lakumwera (ngati nkotheka), koma kutentha kwa madigiri 10-15 kudzakhala bwino. Koma kutentha, kuyatsa ndi malo a kukula - osati onse. Kuti lavender alandire bwino ndi kubzala, nkofunikanso kudyetsa chomera nthawi zonse, kudula mitengo, kudula maluwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kusungunuka kwa mpweya; ngati mulibe chimbudzi, mungagwiritse ntchito mfuti yowonongeka ndi kupopera mbewuyo ndi madzi oyera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati maluwa anu alibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti nthawi yachisanu mungapereke zowonjezera, kuphatikizapo nyali ya fulorosenti pafupi nayo.
Kupaka pamwamba
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kukumbukira za lavender -Chomera sichimalekerera organic ndi nayitrogeni feteleza. Chofunika chokonzekera kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbewu ndizo zomwe zili ndi potassium monga chigawo chachikulu. Nthawi yoyamba (masabata 8 mpaka 10) mutabzalidwa mbeu / kubzala mmera, chomeracho chiyenera kuberekedwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi feteleza zamadzimadzi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa 2 g (1 pulagi) ya feteleza pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Manyowa abwino adzaphwanyidwa, omwe adzasungira mchere wa alkali m'nthaka. Ngati lavender yanu ikukula pamtunda, imayenera kukhala ndi umuna kumayambiriro kwa maluwa ndi feteleza yomweyo (Mwachitsanzo, Agricola) ndipo mutatha maluwa (fetereza iliyonse) ndi kuwerengera malita atatu pa chitsamba.
Zizindikiro za kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe
Lavender amafunika kuthirira kokha nthawi ya chilala, koma musaganize kuti muyenera kumwa madzi lavender kamodzi pa sabata. Inde, kuchokera kuthirira kwambiri maluwawo kuvunda, koma dothi lachipinda lavender liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawizonse. Madzi okwanira ayenera kuthiridwa kapena kupatulidwa. Ngati chomera chanu chidali wamng'ono, muyenera kuthirira kawiri pa tsiku: m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuthirira osati mizu yokha, komanso kumtunda kwa mbeu, choncho amaluwa ambiri amalimbikitsa kukonza "mvula" ya maluwa: kamodzi pa sabata, tengani chomera panja (kuika miphika ndikuzisamba) ndipo kuthirira kuthirira madzi onsewo ndi mtsinje wochepa. Koma pakadali pano, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti musawononge masamba kapena mtundu.
Kudulira zomera
M'madera akumidzi kudera lavender kumadaliranso kudulira koyenera kwa mbewu, chifukwa ngati mutadula cholakwika, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala chosamalidwa. Ndondomeko ya kudulira mitengo ya lavender ikuchitika bwino mu magawo atatu: chilimwe (chofunikira kwambiri), yophukira ndi kudulira kasupe.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi katatu a chilimwe. Pofuna kuchepetsa lavender, timafunika magolovesi ndi osowa. Choyamba, timadula nthambi zomwe zili ndizing'ono pambali. Dulani ku ziphuphuzi, ndiye zidzakula maluwa. Ngati nthambi za mbeu yanu zimakonda kugwada, dulani nthambi yomweyo mpaka pansi pa nyongolotsi. Timayang'anitsanso mosamala chomeracho kuti tikhale ndi nthambi zowuma, zomwe zimafunikanso kudulidwa. Nthawi zambiri nthambi zotere zimapezeka chifukwa cha nyengo kapena zaka za mbeu.
Mukudziwa?Kudulira mitengo ya chilimwe kumakuthandizani kuti mutenge mankhwalawa, omwe ndi maluwa ndi masamba, omwe nthawiyi ndi othandiza kwambiri.
M'nthawi ya kudulira mitengo ya lavender, ntchito yaikulu ndi kudula maluwa onse kuchokera ku "kugwa" nthambi - kudula mpaka kufika pang'onopang'ono. Dulani lavender ikhoza kukhala yayifupi, osati kwambiri, zimadalira nthawi ya "kukweza" impso m'chaka.
Kudula mitengo ya lavender kumapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa March (ngati nyengo ikuloleza). Kudulira kasupe kumakhala ngati kuyeretsa, chifukwa cholinga chake ndicho kuchotsa nthambi zouma, zowonongeka, zowola. Kudulira kasupe kumachitanso kuti "muwonetsere" mawonekedwe a chomeracho.
Momwe mungamerekere lavender nyumba, chomera kubereka
Funso lofunsidwa kawirikawiri: momwe mungayamire lavender kunyumba ndi kophweka! Zonse zomwe mukusowa ndi sapling, kudula, mbewu, lavender slides, nthaka (chidebe), feteleza, fosholo, ufa wophika kunthaka ndi zina za chidziwitso ndi luso lofunikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wokhala
Njira yoberekera ya lavender air layering imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu nthawi yozizira pamene dothi limakhala lapamwamba kwambiri. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito njirayi, simukufunika kukonzekera cuttings kapena kugula mbewu, ndikwanira kusankha chokalamba nthambi (koma kukhala moyo) pa munthu wamkulu, kudula maluwa kuchokera, kukumba dzenje ndi kugwetsa nthambi iyi pamenepo, kuwaza pamwamba pake, madzi madzi masiku awiri ndi manyowa pang'ono 5-7 masiku mutabzala. Njira imeneyi nthawi zina imagwira popanda thandizo lanu: ngati mutayang'ana pansi pa chitsamba chamaluwa okhwima, mudzapeza maluwa ambiri kumeneko, chifukwa cha kufesa kwa lavender.
Lavender cuttings
Olima ambiri osadziŵa nthawi yomweyo amatenga maluwa a lavender ndi mbande. Ambiri amapanga zolakwitsa, chifukwa simukudziwa momwe mungabzalitsire lavender sapling, komanso momwe mungapezere. Pakuti cuttings, muyenera kutenga achinyamata okha, koma kale lignified mphukira pachaka ku chitsamba chamoyo. Kuchokera pa kudula, ndi koyenera kuchotsa mtundu (ngakhale kuli koyenera kusankha mphukira zomwe sizinafalikire) ndi kuyeretsa masamba apansi ndi masentimita 3-4.
Kuphatikizira tikufunikira mphika wa kukula kwake, dothi shards, dothi (chisakanizo cha sod, pepala ndi mchenga mofanana) ndi mchenga wouma. Ikani zitsulo pansi pa mphika, kenaka mutseni mchenga wothira bwino (kwa madzi abwino), kenaka mukhalitse pansi, muugwetse pansi. Pakati pa 1.5 masentimita adayika mchenga wina wa mchenga pamwamba pa nthaka. Kenaka, timatenga kudula kumapeto, ndikukonzekera kukula ndi kuika mbali yoyeretsedwa pansi.
Kuti muwombere bwino, "fanizani" chomera kuchokera pansi ndi zala ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, mmera umayenera kuthiriridwa. Timapanganso "kutentha" kwa kudula: kunyumba timaphimba ndi polyethylene kuti tisawononge chomeracho, muzochitika za mafakitale pali malo obiriwira okwera ndi "hubcaps" pa izi. Siyani phesi kwa sabata muzochitika zoterezi. Ngati mwachita zonse bwino, kudula kwanu kungakhale mizu ndikukula mpaka masentimita 15.
Kukula mbewu za lavender
Tiyeni tiyankhule tsopano za momwe tingamerekere lavender ku mbewu. Choncho, choyamba njere zonse ziyenera kuyendetsedwa.
Mukudziwa?Stratification - kusunga mbewu kutentha.
Njira yoyamba ndi yosavuta yothetsera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga. Thirani mbeu pa chonyowa mchenga ndi kuwaza youma mchenga pamwamba, moisten pang'ono. Mphamvu ndi lavender atakulungidwa m'thumba ndikuika mu furiji (kutentha kwa 3-5 ° C). Ndondomeko ya stratification imatenga masiku 30-60.
Njira yachiwiri ndikutenga mbale yakuphatikiza kapena chidebe chilichonse, ponyani pansi pa thonje, kumitsani madzi, kutsanulira mbeu pamwamba, kuyalapo nyemba yowonjezera. Kenaka, tikulunga phukusi ndikuyika mu furiji.
Njira yachitatu ndi yofananamo, koma mmalo mwa disks timagwiritsa ntchito mipukuta yonyowa.
Njira yachinayi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphika ndi dothi ndi mchenga (1: 1 chiŵerengero), kutsanulira mbeu mu nthaka yonyowa, kuwaza mchenga pamwamba ndi kung'ung'amba pamwamba, kukulunga mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuiyika mufiriji masiku 30-60.
Ndikofunikira!Pakati pa stratification, muyenera kutsitsa zitsamba ndi mbewu!
Pakutha sabata ndi theka isanayambe mapeto a nyengo, timayamba kutenga mbewu yathu kwa ora limodzi kuchokera ku chimfine ndi "kuwaphunzitsa" kutentha. Pamene mwasankha kale kudzala lavender, imbani nyemba mu mphika ndi nthaka ndi mchenga (1: 1), osati kuzimba pansi mpaka pansi, kuwaza mchenga pamwamba, moisten. Phimbani mphika ndi pulasitiki, kuika pamalo a dzuwa. Timapuma ndi kupopera kamodzi pa sabata.
Ngati mutatsatira malangizowo onse, mbewu yanu idzakondweretsani ndi zokoma, zonunkhira ndi mtundu wodabwitsa kwa zaka zambiri.
