Zosatha Rudbeckia ndi chomera chokongola, chowala cha banja la Astrov. Amachokera ku North America. Maluwa amenewa adzakhala owonjezera pa bedi lililonse, ndipo ngakhale novice mu floriculture akhoza kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro.
Mukudziwa? Rudbeckia anatcha dzina la a botanist ochokera ku Sweden, Olof Rudbek (yemwe anapeza kuti thupi la munthu limakhala ndi thupi) ndi bambo ake. Iwo ndiwonso makolo a Alfred Nobel.
Rudbeckia osatha
Zonsezi ziripo mitundu yokwana 300 ya chomera ichi, aliyense ali wokongola mwa njira yake, koma pali angapo omwe amakula nthawi zambiri.
Rudbeckia anatsutsana - mtundu womwe ukufuna kuti kuchoka kwapang'ono kungakulire kufika mamita 2, ndi rhizome yopanda malire. Ku sukulu ya orebecky yofalitsidwa yosatha ikuphatikizapo mpira wa golide, Goldkvelle.
- Golden mpira blooms kuyambira July mpaka October, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Inflorescence terry kapena masentimita awiri owala ndi otumbululuka chikasu. Amafuna thandizo chifukwa chalefukira kukula ndi woonda zimayambira.
- Mitundu ya Goldquelle ndi yofanana kwambiri, koma ndi yochepa (0.8 mamita), ikufalikira kuyambira August mpaka September.
Rudbeckia wanzeru, wotchedwanso kuwala. Nthawi yamaluwa kuyambira July mpaka September imakhala masiku 40-45. Kukula-kochepa, koyenera kwa gulu limodzi ndi kumalo osakwatira. Kumanga sikofunikira.- Zosiyanasiyana za Vanabilis zimakhala ndi masamba ochepa komanso a orange-yellow inflorescences (9 cm mwake).
- Sullivanta zosiyanasiyana zimakhala masamba ndi masamba maluwa osiyanasiyana. Adzafunanso kukonzanso zaka 3-4.
Ulemu wa rudbeckia ali ndi maluwa ambiri komanso ochuluka. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maluwa, monga akhala ndi maluwa mapesi. Maphunziro:- Goldstrom - zosiyanasiyana ndi masamba obiriwira ndi tsitsi lolimba pa zimayambira.
- Maine Freude ali ndi chikasu chachikasu inflorescences (~ 10 cm mwake). Osapitirira 70 cm mu msinkhu.
Rudbeckia wofiira imakula mpaka 2-2.5m. Imamera kuyambira July mpaka September, imakhala ndi masamba owala komanso maluwa akuluakulu (12 cm).- Kalasi ya Goldshire (2.5 mamita), yamphamvu nthambi shrub ndi yowala maluwa maluwa.
- Zitsamba zamitundumitundu zimakhala zosiyanasiyana zomwe maluwa ake amadzikongoletsera pansi.
Kubzala ndi kusankha nthaka
Rudbeckia sakusowa chidwi chowonjezeka, koma ndi bwino kusankha gawo la dzuwa lodzala malo (malo ochepa omwe amavomereza amaloledwa). Ngakhale nthaka ya dothi idzakhala yabwino kwa chomera ngati muwonjezera mchenga wakukumba, koma nthaka yothira, yotsekemera ingakhale yabwino. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kuthirira manyowa musanabzala. Kuyala minda kumalo otseguka mothandizidwa ndi mbande zopangidwa kumapeto kwa May, mbewu - masabata angapo pambuyo pake. Ngati kutentha kwapansi kumapitirizabe usiku, chomerachi chiyenera kuphimbidwa mpaka chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Ikani maenje pamtunda wa 30-40 masentimita wina ndi mnzake, mutabzala, mutha kuthira nthaka ndi manyowa.
Zowonongeka za kukula kosatha Rudbeckia
Kukula rudbeckia osatha sikungayambitse mavuto ambiri. Koma pali ziganizo zina.
Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati chitsamba chikukula pamalo amdima. Kudzakhala ndi chilala kanthawi kochepa, koma kutsirira n'kofunika kwambiri panthawi ya kukula kwachangu.
2 nthawi pa nyengo (kukula siteji ndi ovary) amaloledwa kudyetsa rudbeckia pakamwa madzi. Tengani feteleza woyenera pa zomera. Kutsekedwa kwa inflorescence kuyenera kuchotsedwa pachitali chotheka kwambiri cha maluwa ndi kuteteza mawonekedwe okongoletsera. Pamaso pa wintering rudbeckia anadulidwa pazu.
Ndikofunikira! Zidzakhala bwino ngati, mutatha kuthirira, mumachotsa udzu ndikumasula nthaka, ndipo mitundu yambiri (masentimita 80) idzamangiriza.Pambuyo pa zaka 3-5, orebeckia ayenera kuikidwapo, popeza mizu ikukula mofulumira komanso kuipitsa chiwembu. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa, chogawidwa m'magulu angapo ndikuika kumalo atsopano.
Kusonkhanitsa Mbewu
Mbewu amapangidwa mu September pakati maluwa pakati pa inflorescences. Pofuna kusonkhanitsa mbeu, muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka inflorescences ndi zowuma pamene zipatso zimasanduka zakuda. Gwiritsani ntchito lumo kudula zitsanzo zomwe mwasankha. Valani magolovesi kuti muteteze zikopa. Pambuyo kukolola, nyembazo ziyenera kuuma bwino papepala kwa sabata imodzi, kenaka zisungidwe mu thumba. Zowonjezera zowonjezera sizikufunika. Kuyamera kudzapitirira kwa zaka 2-3.
Ndikofunikira! Zokonzekerazi ziyenera kuchitika tsiku louma ndi dzuwa. Zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu nyengo yamvula zimangowola panthawi yowuma ndi kusungirako.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji rudbeckia m'nyengo yozizira?
Popeza Rudbeckia amachokera kumpoto kwa America, nyengoyi imakhala yabwino kwambiri pansi pa chisanu. Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kumaphatikizapo kudula mbewu pazu ndi kuteteza dothi lokhala ndi mulching ndi chithandizo cha 5-7 cm wosanjikiza wa humus. Mukhozanso kuphimba chomera ndi masamba a spruce ndi udzu, udzu wouma.
Njira ziwiri za kuswana rudbeckia
Rudbeckia osatha amafalikira ndi mbewu kapena pogawa chitsamba.
Momwe mungakolole nyemba, tazitchula kale, koma mungathe kuzigula popanda mavuto. Mukhoza kubzala mbewu mwachindunji kapena kumera mbande. Pa nthaka yotseguka, mbewu sizifesedwa chakumapeto kwa June. Kutalika - pafupifupi masentimita 15. Kuwaza ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira. Kale mu kugwa mabwalo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa, ndipo chaka chotsatira - tchire tating'ono.
Mu njira yobzala, mbewu zimafesedwa pakati pa kasupe mu chidebe chophimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Ndikofunika kukula pa 18 ° С - + 22 ° С, pamene mphukira imaonekera, kutentha kwafupika kufika ku 16 ° С. Pambuyo pa masamba 4 atulukira, mbande imatha kuika miphika ya hotelo. Pang'onopang'ono amachitira kunja kwa maola angapo. Kufalikira mu nthaka mutatha kudutsa chisanu.
Popeza zimakhala zovuta kukula orebeckia kuchokera ku mbewu, ndipo panthawi imodzimodzi palibe kusintha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbeu ya mayi, nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa pogawa magawo a rhizomes. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuchitapo kanthu masika (posachedwa mphukira itayamba kuonekera) kapena m'dzinja (mutatha maluwa). Kuti muchite izi, kukumba chitsamba ndikuchigawa mofatsa. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi impso watsopano. Mu nthaka yokhala ndi mimba, kumasulidwa, pangani chitsime ndikubzala zina za chitsamba cha rudbeckia.
Mukudziwa? Otsala oyamba adatcha maluwawa "Susanna wakuda wakuda", ndipo a ku Ulaya adatcha dzina lakuti "dzuwa". Masiku ano, ubweya wofiira rudbeckia ndi chizindikiro cha dziko la Maryland, USA.
Mankhwala akuluakulu a rudbeckia
Nkhumba zamatenda, powdery mildew, dzimbiri ndi tizilombo ta kudya timene timakhala tizilombo ta orebeckia.
Maonekedwe a bulauni, ofiira, ndi ma chikasu pa masamba amasonyeza matenda nematodes. Chotsani masamba owonongeka ndi ogwa. Tengani chomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kupewa kuli koyenera, osati pamwamba-kuthirira.
Mukawona woyera woyera wotayirira patina, ndipo masambawo ali olusa, ndiye kuti mwina rudbeckia yakhudzidwa powdery mildew. Pofuna kulimbana, kupopera mankhwala a mkuwa sulphate (40 g pa madzi okwanira 5 l), komanso njira yothetsera sulfure (1%) ndi yoyenera. Komanso m'malo mwa dothi la pamwamba.
Pamene nkhono za mtundu wachikasu-lalanje zimapanga masamba, nkofunika kuyamba kumenyana ndi dzimbiri (matenda a fungal). Ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba cha fungicide. Kupalira ndi kusamalira bwino ndiko kupewa. Gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tipewe tizilombo.
Chomerachi n'chosakanikirana ndi tizilombo ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono za ulimi, sizimadwalitsa, kotero kusamalira ndiko kuteteza tizilombo tonse: kuthirira, kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa zowonongeka, feteleza; komanso kutentha kwa mbali zakutchire za m'madera akutali. Ndi bwino kukumba orebeckia yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndikulima nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.
Perennial rudbeckia ndi yabwino kwa munda wanu. Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani ino, n'zosavuta kumusamalira, pali mitundu yambiri ya kukoma kwake, ndipo samadwala kawirikawiri. Chitsamba chonyezimirachi chidzagwirizana ndi zokongola zonse ndipo zidzakusangalatsani kufikira chisanu.
