Zosatha herbaceous fern tsirtomium ndi chomera choyenera cha mzinda wa nyumba.
Ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo safuna kusamalidwa kovuta, kulekerera kutentha bwino, sichiwopa mantha ndipo ndikumana ndi matenda.
Kutalika kwa circomium kawirikawiri sikuposa 50-60 masentimita. Masamba okhwima ndi owuma (omwe amatchedwa Vayi) amafanana ndi nthenga yaikulu.
Alibe tsinde limodzi ndikukula mwachindunji kuchokera ku masamba a rhizomes. Mulu wandiweyani wa "nthenga" zowoneka ngati choyambirira ndi chokongola, kotero chiwerengerochi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera za nyumbayo.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Tsirtomium ndi banja la Shchitovnikov. Pali mitundu yaying'ono yoposa 10, koma cortomy yooneka ngati crescent yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Amagawanika kwambiri m'madera otentha ndi madera otentha - Asia, India, Korea, Japan, ndi zina zotero. Maonekedwe a masambawa adayambitsa maina otchuka a fern - m'dziko la Great Britain amatchedwa holly, holly, ndi yopatulika. Chrescent ya Cytromium nthawi zambiri amatchedwa fishtail fern.
Mawonekedwe ochokera ku chithunzi
Tsirtomium ndi wa banja la Thymus. Mitundu 12 yomwe imapezeka m'chilengedwe, yomwe ili yofala kwambiri ndi iyi:
- chitsime;
- forchuna;
- katemera;
- lalikulu-leaved;
- Hooker.
Matenda
Ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa florists. Dzinali limatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa chakuti linali lopindika ndipo linasuntha masamba ndi mmbali. Mpweya wake waukulu umafika pachitunda cha masentimita 20.
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi "Rochfordianum", chikhalidwe chamtundu wa fern ndi masamba osalala, omwe amakula mpaka 50 cm.
Forchuna
Maganizo osakanizidwa kwambiri omwe kwawo ndi nkhalango za China ndi Korea. M'mayiko otentha kwambiri, monga kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, amatha kuzizira kudutsa, koma amafunikira malo okhala.
Muluwu umakula mpaka 50 cm mulifupi ndi 40 cm mu msinkhu, uli ndi masamba ochepa omwe amakhala ndi mitsempha yozama kwambiri ya pubescent.
Cariotoid
Kunja, pang'ono ndi zofanana ndi munthu wamba. Amadziwika ndi mapesi amfupi, ataphimbidwa ndi miyendo yobiriwira. Masamba ndi aakulu, spiky pamphepete.
Zithunzi za Cytromium cariota-like subspecies:
Tsamba lalikulu
Ukulu wa Circurium wamkulu wothamangitsidwa ndi dzina lake. Mafoloti amakula mpaka masentimita 70 m'litali ndi masentimita 30 m'lifupi. Amapangidwa ndi mapaipi 4-8 a "nthenga", zofanana ndi masamba wamba.
Tsamba lachabechabe losaoneka bwino likuoneka lalikulu kwambiri kuposa lina, masamba a masambawa ali ndi maziko ozungulira ndi nsonga.
Hooker
Ambiri mitundu yosawerengeka. Kutalika kwa masamba ake obiriwira akufikira masentimita 15, m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita asanu 5. Maonekedwe a masamba ndi lanceolate. Vayi amakula mpaka 60 cm.
Kusamalira kwanu
Chosakaniza chokhala ndi peat, humus, sphagnum ndi mchenga wodulidwa chidzakhala choyenera ngati dothi; sizowonjezera kuwonjezera makungwa a pine omwe akuwongolera. Ndibwino kuti tiyike pansi pa mphika.
Kuunikira
Kuwala kowala kwa circomium kumatsutsana, ndi iye, pesa kukula kukuchepetse.
Choncho, pamphika ndi fern, window sill yawindo likuyang'ana chakumpoto kapena malo amtundu uliwonse ndi kuwala kosaoneka bwino. M'miyezi yotentha ikhoza kukhala malo ogona kapena khonde.
Kutentha
Mitundu yonse siilimbikitsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndipo imatha kupirira dontho lake kufika ku + 5 ° ะก. Zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 20. mu kasupe ndi chilimwe ndi 15-18 m'nyengo yozizira.
Chinyezi
Chifukwa chakuti masamba obiriwira amatha kutentha pang'ono, Fern siwowopsa mpweya wouma, koma iyenera kukhala nthawi zonse sprayed. Chitani bwinoko ndi madzi ozizira. Mu kutentha kwakukulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuika mphika pa miyala yowonongeka.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Panthawi ya kukula, yomwe imatenga kuyambira May mpaka Oktoba, tsitromium imayenera kuwiritsidwa mochuluka kuposa 2-3 pa sabata.
Kumapeto kwa autumn ndi m'nyengo yozizira, pamene kukula kumaima, kuthirira kwafupika kukhala osachepera.
Pankhaniyi, nthaka mu mphika sayenera kuuma, mwinamwake chomera chikhoza kufa.
Kudyetsa tsirtomium ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa feteleza. Popeza mizu yake imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri ndi nthaka yothira mafuta ndi feteleza, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera vutoli.
Khwerero ndi sitepe malangizo odzala ndi kubzala
Kuika mdulidwe kumachitika ngati pakufunika mizu kudzaza poto lonse ndikuyamba kusonyeza kuchokera ku mabowo. Monga lamulo, kuziika kumafunika chaka ndi chaka, mbewu imakula mofulumira ndipo imakhala yodzaza. Chomera sichimafuna, chimalekerera kusintha kwa malo ndipo mwamsanga zimasinthira ku dothi latsopano.
Pofuna kuziyika muyenera kutero:
- Phika.
- Kusakaniza kwa nthaka.
- Mpeni wakuthwa (zabwino zokongoletsa).
- Mikanda
Zomwe zimachitika zimachitika m'magulu angapo:
- Kukonzekera kubzala chomeracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa mosamalitsa ku mphika wakale. Samalani ndi kusamala - Mizu ya fern ndi yofatsa komanso yosweka.
- Chotsani nthaka yambiri ku mizu ndikuyang'ane. Chinsinsi chachikulu cha kukhazikika kwa tsitromiuma - kuchotsedwa kwa zigawo zoonongeka. Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kapena lumo kuti muchotse mphukira yovunda komanso yosafunikira.
- Konzani mphika watsopano. Iyenera kukhala yayikulu, koma ikhale yozama pang'ono.
- Pansi, pangani chisanji chokwera. Monga lamulo, dothi lofutukuka limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholinga ichi.
- Lembani tanki ndi chisakanizo cha fern. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku peat, makala, sphagnum, mchenga ndi makungwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopuma komanso lopuma mpweya wabwino.
- Sungani chomeracho mumphika watsopano ndikuwonjezerapo nthaka. Musamike mizu ya zomera. Onani kuti khola lazu limakhala pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Imwani chomera chodzala.
Kuwombera bwino kumachitidwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mpaka mapulaneti atsopano awoneka.
Kuswana
Kugawa chitsamba
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, fern akhoza kufalitsidwa pogawa magawo ake kuti mbali iliyonse ili ndi mfundo zingapo za kukula.
Mikangano
Cytromium ikhoza kuchulukana ndi spores omwe amapezeka kugwa kumunsi kwa tsamba. Kuti kubereka kubwerere bwino, nkofunika:
- dulani pepala ndi spores ndi kuumitsa mu thumba la pepala;
- Lembani tereyiti ndi mabowo pansi ndi nthaka osakaniza ndi malo mu chidebe ndi madzi;
- onetsetsani mosamala spores mu nthaka;
- Tsephira tray ndi filimu yowonongeka, tisiyeni chingwe chokwera, kuyika pamalo osungunuka kutentha;
- Pambuyo pa kumera kwa spore (patatha masabata angapo), nthaka iyenera kuthiriridwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi madzi ofewa kamodzi pa masiku awiri;
- Pambuyo pa masamba angapo, achinyamata amamera mbande.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu yonse ya Crtromium imatha mokwanira matenda. koma pakabereka kunyumba, mavuto ena angabwere.
Ngati masambawo atembenukira chikasu, amawoneka mabala a bulauni, ndiye chifukwa chake kutentha kwa mpweya ndi madzi okwanira.
Masamba amatembenuka ndipo amawuma, chifukwa - kuwala, kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Nsonga za masamba zimakhala ndi mtundu wa brownish, mphukira zatsopano sizimakula, chifukwa chake ndi kusowa kwa zakudya.
Young masamba azipiringa ndi kugwa, chifukwa - otsika kutentha, wamphamvu drafts.
Tizilombo ndi owopsa:
- chishango;
- mealybug
Chishango chimasonkhanitsa selo yopuma, masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa, mbewu imamwalira.
Nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuyang'ana pamwamba pa masamba, kupopera mankhwala nthawi zonse.
The mealybug ndi mphutsi zake zimadyetsa zomera, ndikuchepetsa kukula ndi kukula. Popeza mphutsi imaletsa chinyezi, mukhoza kumenyana nayo ndi kupopera mankhwala. Ngati pali tizirombo tambirimbiri, chithandizo chamakono tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chiyenera kuchitika.
Kawirikawiri, Cirtomium ndi yabwino kwambiri kubzala mkati. Fern yochititsa chidwi imeneyi idzakongoletsa nyumba yanu ndipo idzayendera bwino mkati mwake.
Zina zowonjezera m'nyumba ndizo: Pelley, Pteris, Nephrolepis, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platiserium, Uzzhnik ndi Grozdnik.
