Mbalame zakuda za kumadzulo kapena ku California ndizoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimafalikira kudera lalikulu la Russia, kuchokera kumalire akumadzulo kupita ku zigawo za Siberia ndi ku Caucasus.
Ndizoopsa osati kokha chifukwa cha omnivorous ndi kuwononga maluwa ndi zomera zokongoletsera, mitengo yobala zipatso, ndi masamba odzala masamba, komanso imatha kukhala ngati chonyamulira cha matenda ambiri oopsa.
Panthawi imeneyi, ma thrips a California amapezeka pa zomera zoposa 250.
Malingaliro a tizilombo
California thrips ndi mndandanda wa tizirombo omwe nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi kusamalidwa kwa zomera ndi zowonongeka. Mphutsi yake imapezeka nthawi zambiri ndi zakudya komanso maluwa.
Maonekedwe
Dziko lakwawo la maluwa a kumadzulo kumadzulo limatengedwa Kumpoto ndi Central Americakumene kuli kufalikira kudera lonselo kuchokera ku Mexico ndi kwa alaska. Choyamba chinazindikiritsidwa ku California, choncho chinapeza dzina lake. Komabe, akuganiza kuti poyamba anabweretsa ndi maluwa ochokera ku mayiko ena a ku South America.
Wamkulu ali ndi kutalika 1.4-2.0 mm. Thupi lopapatiza, mtundu umasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu, mdima wakuda. Mutu ndi wachikasu. Mapiko akuwoneka okongola, pang'ono mdima. Mphutsi imakhala yofanana ndi anthu akuluakulu, komabe, ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wowala.
THANDIZANI! Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa California ndi mitundu ina ya thrips ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ziwalo za thupi ndi dongosolo losiyana (mawonekedwe osiyana a antenna ndi setae, kutalika kwake). Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mitundu ingathe kudziwika pansi pa ma laboratory pansi pa microscope.
Californian thrips amathera nyengo yozizira mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha - akuluakulu amabisala ndi chomera chomera, mphutsi - pansi. Zima kumalo otseguka zikhoza kuchitika kumadera otentha. M'chaka, mbeu zitabzalidwa, tizilombo timayambitsa.
Akazi amaika mazira pamwamba pa tsinde ndi mabowo m'masamba omwe amamangidwa. Kwa mwezi umodzi, kudya chomera, thrips amatha kusiya mazira 300. Ndalama izi zikhoza kuwonjezeka ngati tizilombo timadya mungu.
Mphutsi zowonongeka zimatengera magawo awiri a chitukuko pa chomera, kudya, ndikupita kumtunda. Zonsezi, chitukuko chonse cha California thrips chimatenga masiku 15-21. Zomwe zili bwino m'chaka chimodzi zikhoza kuwoneka kuyambira mibadwo 12 mpaka 15.
Chithunzi cha Western California Flower Thrips:
Ndi zomera ziti zomwe amadya?
Mitundu ya maluwa a kumadzulo kumadzulo - tizilombo tambirimbiri. Amenya thonje, uta, nkhaka, tsabola, phwetekere, strawberries, peach, mphesa ndi Mitundu ina ya zomera ndi masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa akuukira: maluwa, cyclamens, chrysanthemums, gerberas ndi zina zotero
Kodi ndi tizilombo toopsa bwanji kwa zomera?
Poyambirira mabala achikasu amapezeka, zovuta kumphepete. Patapita nthawi, mawanga awa akuphatikizana palimodzi. Pambuyo kutha kwa mphukira zowonongeka, zimagwa.
Pakati pa matenda aakulu a California thrips, malo owonongedwa akuwoneka bwino, pali kupyolera kwa zimayambira za zomera zowonongeka, kuchedwa ndi kusintha kwa kukula kwa achinyamata mphukira.
Zakudya zamaluwa zamaluwa kumabweretsa chisokonezo ndi kupotoza maluwa. Kuonongeka Californian thrips masamba satiululidwa ndi youma. Kudya mungu sumalola kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi maluwa odzaza.
Makhalidwe akuwonongeka amawonanso mu zipatso mbewu. Kotero Mizere ya silvery imapezeka pa tsabola wokoma, strawberries amasintha mtundu, mawonekedwe a nkhaka amasintha ndipo ndiwo zamasamba ali opunduka, mabowo amaoneka pamwamba pa tomato.
Kuphatikiza pa chiwonongeko cha mphukira, tizilombo ndi chonyamulira cha matenda a tizilombozomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Chofala kwambiri tomato wowonongeka.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda - mawanga achikasu pa masamba, zidutswa za tsinde zimakhala ndi mthunzi wakuda. Pofalitsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa muyenera kudyetsa chomera kwa mphindi 30.
Mbali za kulamulira tizilombo
Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ndi kovuta chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. ChoyambaIyi ndi tizilombo tochepa kwambiri komanso obisika, ndipo nthawi zambiri imabisala, masamba, maluwa, pansi pa masikelo osiyanasiyana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala akupezeka mosavuta.
ChachiwiriKu America, komwe iye anachokera, thrips za California zinkatetezedwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. M'malo oteteza zomera, komwe tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakonda kwambiri, mankhwala omwe amatsutsana nawo sagwirizana ndi anti-tizilombo.
Tsopano chiwonongeko cha maluwa thrips chikhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Mankhwala - Zomera zomwe zingakhale ndi zoopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimayenera kuikidwa ndi ukonde wabwino ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono. Anatsekanso zenera ndi zitseko;
- Agrotechnical - kuyang'anitsitsa maso ndi kuthetsa mwamsanga mabala a kachilombo ka HIV, kuchotsa mosamala namsongole ndi zowonongeka. Pamalo obiriwira amatha misampha ya tizilombo yapadera imapachikidwa yomwe ingalepheretse kutsekemera kapena, pofufuza tizilombo tomwe timapeza, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa matenda;
- Zamoyo - Nkhondo yolimbana ndi thrips ya California ikuchitika mwa kumasula mitundu yapadera ya nkhupakupa ndi nsikidzi mumatenda obiriwira. Iwo amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa njuchi, komabe sizingatheke kuwononga tizilombo motere. Kuwonjezera apo, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapha mphutsi zokha, komanso osadyetsa anthu akuluakulu;
- Mankhwala - tizilombo tina ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kulimbana kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kwenikweni, izi ndi mankhwala oopsa kwambiri omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 3-5, nthawi ziwiri.
California California (Western zamaluwa) - Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamene kamakhudza mitundu yambiri ya masamba ndi mitengo ya zipatso, maluwa okongoletsera. Kuwonjezera pa kuwononga mbewu yokha, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kutulutsa matenda osiyanasiyana a tizilombo. Kulimbana ndizomwekukulepheretsedwera ndi mfundo yakuti thrips nthawi zambiri zimabisika m'mphukira, maluwa, pansi pa mamba.
Pomalizira, tikukupatsani vidiyo yokhudza kutha kwa maluwa a California maluwa:
