Monstera - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kupatsidwa zina ndi kubereka

Chilombo chinabwera ku Russia kuchokera kumalo otentha. Kumeneko, nthawi zonse nyengo yotentha komanso yofewetsa, duwa limakhalapo popanda bata. M'dziko lakwawo amatchedwa "chilombo chokongola kwambiri" chifukwa cha kukongola kowopsa. Ngakhale monstera amatha kuzolowera nyumba, amatulutsa kawirikawiri, chifukwa nyengo yakunyumba ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi yotentha. Ndipo kupanga chinyezi chambiri mchipindachi ndi ntchito yovuta.

Masamba a maluwa achilendowa amafika mpaka masentimita 35, nthawi zina ochulukirapo. Ndipo amatha kukhala wamtali pansi pa denga. Wamaluwa amatcha mbewuyo "burbyy," chifukwa pa zobiriwira mumatha kuwona mapangidwe akulu amadzimadzi. Zodabwitsazi zimachitika mvula isanayambe, motero amati chomera chimaneneratu nyengo. Nkhaniyi ikukufotokozerani momwe mungasamalire monster nokha moyenera komanso zolakwa zomwe sizingatheke.

Kodi mbewu imawoneka bwanji

Monstera: chisamaliro chakunyumba

Chilichonse ndichopepuka komanso momveka bwino.

Malo oyenera ndi kuwunikira

Kodi kusamalira chirombo m'nyumba? Chifukwa chakuti duwa limakula mwachangu ndipo limatenga malo ambiri, nthawi zambiri limatha kuwoneka m'zipinda zazikulu za maofesi. Zomera zomwe zimamera m'nyumba wamba ndizolandilanso. Amaziyika m'chipinda chogona kapena m'zipinda zogona pansi zowunikira komanso kusunga chinyezi chambiri.

Kusamalira maluwa a monstera kunyumba ndikosavuta. Ndikofunikira kuwona mawonekedwe ena. Simungathe kuyika mbewu pafupi ndi mawindo kapena pazenera zomwe zikuyang'ana kumpoto kwa nyumbayo, pali kuwala kochepa kwambiri, kotero kukula kwa mpesa kumachepa. Ngati duwa lili kum'mwera kwa chipindacho, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa sikugwerepo. Dzuwa lowala bwino, duwa limakula bwino, choncho malo abwino kwambiri ndi zenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo.

Dothi ndi zofunika kubzala

Kuti chitukuko chikhale champhamvu ziyenera kuyang'anira nthaka. Kwenikweni, imagulidwa m'misika, koma mutha kuchita nokha.

Dothi la chomera liyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• dziko la turf;
• peat;
• humus;
• pepala lapansi;
• mchenga.

Izi zimayenera kusakanikirana ndi zigawo za 3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1. Dziko loterolo limayamwa chinyontho ndikulola mpweya kuti udutse. Mukamasankha mbale zodzala monstera, muyenera kuganizira za kukula kwa mbewu yamtsogolo. Mokulira, imalimbitsa mizu yake ndikuyamba kukula pomwepo, koma monstera ikafika mizera yayikulu, mizu imadzicheka ndikuzimata mozungulira. Kuti mbewuyo isadzipangire yokha, pa nthawi yomwe imabzalidwa, ndikofunikira kumasula ndikudula mizu yowonjezerapo, mwina maluwa atha kuuma.

Njira zopangira

Kuthekera ndikwabwino kutenga zoposa momwe zinaliri masentimita 5. Ndikofunikira kuti ikhale yokhazikika.

Chinyontho cha mpweya wabwino

Masamba a Monstera amafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupukuta ndi ziphuphu ndi kupukutira. Ngati nthawi yachisanu chomera chimayandikira pafupi ndi magetsi, ndiye muyenera kupukuta mowirikiza kuti nsonga za masamba zisawume.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Choyamba muyenera kuphunzira za mawonekedwe amadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Ndikupangira kuti izosefedwa. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakanthawi madzi otetezedwa bwino ndikololedwa. M'nyengo yozizira, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono.

Nthawi zina pachaka, chilombochi chimafunikira kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti liume. M'chilimwe pa pallet pamafunika kuwonjezera madzi, koma kuti kwa nthawi yayitali sichimayenda pamenepo.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mumapukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa nthawi zonse, ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito botolo lothira kuti mupumitse mpweya. Pukutani ndi kupopera ndi madzi ofunda, oyera.

Feteleza ndi kuvala pamwamba kumatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wa chilombo. Njira yabwino yotsatsira ndi kuvala pamwamba, komwe kumachitika nthawi 1 m'masiku 22. Chifukwa cha izi, mizu imalandira ndikudya zinthu zambiri zofunikira.

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Ndipamene kukula kwa monstera kumayambitsidwa.

Mizu ya mlengalenga ndi mapangidwe a monstera

Pongoyambira, ndikofunikira kupeza mizu ya mlengalenga. Mlimi wosadziwa zambiri amatenga zipatso zake. Mizu yamiyala imapangika pamizere kutengera ndi kutalika kwa duwa. Amamera pafupi ndi masamba, ali ndimtambo. Amakhala oderako pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri mizu yotere imamera ngakhale pamphika.

Mizu ya mlengalenga

Zoyenera kuchita ndi mizu ya mlengalenga

Kusintha mawonekedwe, pali njira zingapo zothanirana ndi mizu ya mlengalenga:

• mutha kuwamangirira bwino pamitengo wamba momwe amapangidwira, kuti pang'onopang'ono amere pansi ndikuzika mizu;
• ikani zida zina zitatu ndi dothi pafupi ndi mphalawo ndi chomeracho ndikuyika mizu. Kenako, mutaphuka mizu, nthambi zingapo za mpesawo zimatulukira;
• Mutha kukonzekera muli mumadzi ndi madzi kuti mizu ichitike. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti madzi amafunika kusinthidwa pafupipafupi;
• Mizu imatha kumakulungidwa ndi moss yonyowa. Kusankha uku kumawonjezera kukongola kwakunja, ndikupangitsa kuti ayambe kuzika mizu;
• Pali ndodo zapadera zamatabwa zopendekeka ndi ulusi wowuma wa kanjedza. Mpesa waukulu ungathe kumanikizika ndi kamtengo kameneka popanga bowo laling'ono mkati mwake kuti akonzere mizu yamlengalenga. Nthawi zambiri mabowo oterowo amaphimbidwa ndi dothi kapena amangosukidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kumfuti yofukizira;
• Mizu ya Monstera ya mlengalenga imangodulidwa, koma osati kwathunthu. Maluwa sangawonongeke ngati mutafupikitsa mizu ndikuwapatsanso mawonekedwe abwino. Zachidziwikire, simuyenera kudula chilichonse, chifukwa chomera chikadwala kapena chouma. Nthawi zina masamba amatha kutembenukira chikaso.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo

Ochita maluwa nthawi zambiri amawona izi:

• masamba a maluwa si akulu, osadulidwa, pazitali zazitali. Ngati zikufanana pa duwa lonse, izi zimachitika chifukwa chosowa kuwala. Ndikofunikira kusunthira mphikawo kumalo owuyikiratu;
• Masamba a Monstera adasanduka chikasu. Ndi misa chikasu, vutoli litha kukhala chinyezi kwambiri padziko lapansi, makamaka izi sizabwino panyengo yachisanu. Komanso m'chipinda chochokera kunyowa, masamba amatha kukhala ofewa kwambiri. Ndikusowa kwa michere, amatembenukira chikasu chimodzimodzi kuchokera pachimake. Poterepa, muyenera kuyang'ana nthaka ndikumasuka ngati nkotheka;
• Zouma zofiirira zouma zimalimba pomwe chinyontho sichili bwino kapena ngati chouma kwambiri m'nyumba. Kufunika kuthirira nthaka nthawi zambiri;

Chifukwa chiyani masamba a monstera amasanduka achikasu

• ngati malekezero a bulauni m'mphepete mwa tsamba, ndiye kuti ndikuperewera kwa mchere. Zimachitika ndi maluwa akale omwe sanasinthidwe kwa nthawi yayitali;
• pamakhala ma pinki, otuwa, kenako otuwa. Izi zimachitika ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kambiri, makamaka matendawa amadziwonetsa okha mchaka;
• kutalika kwa gawo la tsinde, masamba ang'onoang'ono, kudula bwino, kutalika kwakutali. Cholinga chake ndikuperewera kwakukulu;
• kuyamwa kapena kuyanika duwa kungayambitsenso tizilombo. Muyenera kuyang'ana chomeracho ndi chokulirapo kuchokera kumbali zonse.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi chithandizo

Tizilombo ndi zovuta zotsatirazi zimatha kugunda monstera:

• Fusarium - matenda oyamba ndi fungus m'nthaka, amakonda chinyezi chambiri. Ndi zowonongeka, mizu ya mbewu imawola, phesi limakhala loonda, masamba amakhala achikasu. Palibe machiritso, monstera amwalira;
• mochedwa choipitsa - bowa chifukwa choti mizu ndi thunthu zimawola. Matenda amapezeka makamaka kudzera m'madzi, dziko lapansi komanso kufufuza zinthu. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi zodera zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi bwalo wobiriwira wobiriwira, komanso kuyanika kwamaso pam masamba. Palibe machiritso;
• chlorosis - masamba achikasu omwe amatuluka, omwe amakhala ndi dzuwa nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala, muyenera chepe chachitsulo mu mlingo wosonyezedwa ndi malangizo (zomwe zitha kugulidwa pamalonda);
• lonse la ivy limapezeka paliponse, mbewuyo imapanikizika, imawoneka yoyipa, masamba achikasu, mawonekedwe a bowa. Kuti mumenyane, ma petals ndi zimayambira zimatsukidwa ndi sopo wamadzi, kutsitsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndikuwonjezera chinyezi. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la 0.2% ya Rogor, ndipo magawo omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri amachotsedwa;
• kangaude umakhala pansi pamiyala ndikuyala intaneti, ndikumamwa msuzi wa monstera, womwe umafota, kuwuma. Mankhwalawa, nthawi zambiri amathandizira kupatsirana nyumbayo, kuwonjezera chinyezi, ndikuchiza mmera ndi Actellic.

Momwe mungafalitsire ndi apical ndi tsinde kudula

Tsinde limadulidwa, kumene, kuchokera kolona wa maluwa. Kuti zithandizire njirayi, imayikidwa m'madzi. M'masabata ochepa, phesi lidzazika mizu.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kuti mupeze njirayi, muyenera kutalika kokwanira. Tsinde la tsinde liyenera kukhala ndi masamba awiri. Kuti muzuze, muyenera chidebe chakukula koyenera ndi dothi lounikira, pomwe phesi limangoyikidwa ndi impso pansi. Sizofunikira kuti mudzaze.

Kenako, phesi limayikidwa pansi pa galasi kapena filimu yowonekera, nthawi zina yothiridwa, pukuta nthaka, mpweya wabwino. Pakubwera kwa mizu, tsamba loyamba limakulanso. Pambuyo pozika maluwa, duwa lingabzalidwe pamalo okhazikika.

Kugulitsa ndi kukonzanso

Kwa zaka zisanu, chilombochi chimayenera kusinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Chitani izi makamaka mkati mwa kasupe. Maluwa achikulire amasinthidwa nthawi zambiri −1 nthawi zitatu.

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pofotokozera monstera:

1. Miphika iyenera kusankhidwa kukhala yayikulu masentimita 2-3 kuposa yakale. Zotengera zazikulu kwambiri sizikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa madzi adzamira pansi, pomwe mulibe mizu, omwe amatha kupha.
2. Dothi lakuya pafupifupi masentimita 5 limathiridwa pansi pamphika (mwachitsanzo, njerwa yosweka).
3. Dzikoli lingagulidwe lokonzeka, yopangidwa mwapadera, kapena yopangidwa ndi manja anu kuchokera ku peat, mchenga wamtsinje, humus ndi turf.
4. Mizu yake singavutike kwambiri ngati mbewuyo idasinthidwa ndi kuchoka. Kuti muchite izi, umapangidwa mokwanira ngakhale mumphika wakale, ndipo pambuyo pa tsiku amasulidwa mosamala pamodzi ndi dothi ndikuyika yatsopano.
5. Malo opanda kanthu okutidwa ndi dothi latsopano. Maluwa sayenera kuthiriridwa sabata yoyamba.
6. Ngati pansi pa monstera atayamba kutaya masamba, amafunika kukonzanso. Kuti muchite izi, kasupe muyenera kudula pafupifupi 25 cm a korona. Izi zimathandizira kukula kwa zotsekera ndipo zimapangitsa mbewuyo kukhala yokongola.

Kumera monstera

Kusamalira chilombo kunyumba kumapezeka ngakhale ndi wamunda wamaluwa. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ofunikira ndikathilira ndi malo a duwa. Ndikofunika kuti usaiwale kuti chomera chimayenera kusambitsidwa. Nthawi zina, chovala chamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuthira manyowa. Monstera anosgate amafunika kudulira korona ndi kuchotsera masamba akale. Kukula sikovuta. Ndikofunika kusamalira bwino mbewu iyi. Pogula m'sitolo, muyenera kufunsa ndi wogulitsa momwe mungasamalire chilombo, popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira chisamaliro chosiyana.