Ngati wina akuganiza kuti pobzala mtengo wa apulo pa dacha, amatsimikizira kuti adzipatsa maapulo ochuluka kwa moyo wake wonse, ndiye wina akhoza kukhumudwa kwambiri.
Kubzala mtengo (kuphatikizapo kubadwa kwa mwana) ndi njira yoyamba yokha yolowera njira yautali yomwe iwe uyenera kudutsa musanafike zotsatira zoyamba za ntchito zako kudzidziwitsa. Mtengo, ngati mwana, umayenera kusamalidwa nthawi zonse, mwinamwake matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zingayambitse ana anu kuvulaza.
Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kupopera mitengo ndi zitsamba m'chaka
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, ndiko kuti, nthawi yomwe mitengo ndi zitsamba zimadzera, kudzuka pambuyo pa kuzizizira, zimayamba kukulitsa mphamvu kuti apange chipatso - ino ndi nthawi yomwe muyenera kusamalira chitetezo chawo mochuluka. Ndicho chifukwa chake Kupereka mitengo kumapeto kwa tizirombo ndi matenda ndi sitepe yofunikira m'munda wamaluwa.
Ndipotu, nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yochenjera. Kumbali imodzi, mtengo umasowa nthawi yoti upeze bwino pambuyo poti ukhale nthawi yayitali mu chisanu choopsa, kwinakwake - tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, tikapulumutsidwanso kuchokera ku hibernation, tiyambe kudyetsa, kuyambitsa mwachangu masamba osatsegulira masamba ndi maluwa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kusamalira mitengo kumapeto kwa nyengo kumaphatikizapo chithandizo choyenera cha tizilombo, chifukwa ngati simukulowererapo, simungakhoze kuyembekezera zokololazo. Inde, sikungatheke kuwononga tizilombo toopsya m'munda, ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi siikonzedwe. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe alendo osafunikira kuchokera kumunda, kuti mitengo yanu ndi zitsamba zisakondweretse ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga chakudya ndi "moyo".
Chinthu china chofunika chokhudza kukonzanso kasupe kwa munda kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndikuti nthawiyi sichimakhudzana ndi zotsatira za mankhwala oopsa pa mazira ndi zipatso (chifukwa chakuti sizinawongedwe), choncho, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'chaka chichepetse chiopsezo chotere poizoni ndi mankhwala oterewa chifukwa cha kudya zomwe zimapangidwa zipatso ndi zipatso.
Choncho, Ntchito yaikulu yopopera mbewu m'munda masika ndi kuteteza tizirombo ndi matenda omwe angakhale akudikirira chiwembu chanu nthawi yonseyi, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumakhudzanso chilengedwe cha ukhondo.
Inde, ndithudi, tonse timafuna kudzitama ndi zipatso komanso zipatso zimakula "popanda mankhwala." Komabe, ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso moyenera. Otsatsa padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kuti asakane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda, koma kuti athe kutulutsa mphamvu zowonongeka, mitunduyi siinatheke, ndipo sizingatheke konse, popeza kuti, "aliyense amadya aliyense ". Choncho, tiyenera kuyembekezera kuti zipatso za mtengo, zomwe sizitha kuchiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zidzakhala zosawerengeka kwa anthu, chifukwa ifenso tiri mbali ya nyama.
Kuonjezerapo, ngakhale wopanga akukutsimikizirani kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa apulo) sichikukhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, ziyenera kuchitira mawu oterowo mosakayikira. Ndipo izi sizikutanthauza kuti akukunyengani. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kukula kwa matenda ena, monga kufalikira kwa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kumadalira makamaka pa zinthu zina zakunja zomwe zimasintha nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera apo, tizilombo ndi othandizira matenda opatsirana amatha kusintha ndi kusintha zinthu zatsopano. Nzosadabwitsa amanena kuti fungicide yomweyi siingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda - kukonzekera kuyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zabwino.
Adani akuluakulu a mitengo ya zipatso, yomwe imawombera masika, ndi mbozi, agulugufe, mbozi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Choncho, ngati simukupopera mtengo wa apulo kumayambiriro kwa nyengoyi, aphid imayamba kuyamwa madzi kuchokera ku greenery ndi maluwa, komanso imayambitsa makungwa a mtengowo, ndipo imapanga zokolola zoipa, zomwe zimawonongeka ndikusanduka mabala. Chotsatira chake, mtengo ukhoza kuleka kukula ndi kufa. Vuto lomwelo ndilo kuyembekezera mapeyala, plums, apricots, plums yamtengo wapatali ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso.
Maycha amakonda kudya masamba ndi mazira, ndipo chokondweretsa chake ndi mtengo wa plamu. Pamene wamkulu akufalikira pamwamba, mphutsi zake zambiri zimayambitsa mizu ya mitengo, yomwe ndi yoopsa kwambiri kwa mbande zazing'ono. Kupopera mbewu kwa panthawi yake kungathandize kuthetsa vutoli m'munda.
Mbozi ndi agulugufe amakhalanso okondwa kudya amadyera ndi zipatso za maapulo, mapeyala, plums ndi yamatcheri, kotero chitetezo cha mitengo yoteroyo, yomwe imachitika m'chaka, chidzasunga nthawi yokolola.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zitsamba (black and red currants, gooseberries, raspberries, ndi zina zotero), popeza chiri masika kuti miyeso yofunikira iyenera kutengedwa kuteteza zomera zonse kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Momwe mungaperekere mitengo mu kasupe wa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Pakalipano, pali zowonjezereka kusiyana ndi kuchitira mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku tizirombo m'chaka. Mwachigwirizano, iwo akhoza kugawa m'magulu atatu:
- kukonzekera kwachilengedwe;
- kukonza mankhwala;
- "chosinthika" amatanthawuza, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otsutsa amphamvu pazochita ziwiri zoyambirira, powalingalira njira iyi yopezera thanzi (komanso, ndithudi, ndalama zambiri).
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mankhwala ochiritsira m'munda wamakono akuwonjezeka kwambiri monga njira yowonjezereka yopangira makina.
Zotsatira zawo pa tizilombo towononga ndi matenda sizongogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zowononga zokha, koma ndi zamoyo (mabakiteriya, mavairasi a bakiteriya, fungi, komanso tizilombo). Ndiponso, monga njira ina, osati moyo wokha wokha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma poizoni (biotoxin) yophimbidwa ndi izo.
Mukudziwa? Zamoyo zomwe zimawononga tizirombo tizilombo zimatchedwa "entomophages". Apatukani kupanga acarifagi - nthata zakupha. Akarifagi akhoza kuchita mosiyana: zinyama monga dragonflies, thrips, nsikidzi, ntchentche, ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana timadya nkhuku. Mosiyana ndi nyama zowonongeka, zamoyo zina (zamoyo) zimadutsa mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zimadya phindu lake, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa ya "wozunzidwa".
Mitundu yotereyi imatha "kuwonongeka" pawekha payekha, kupanga zinthu zomwe zimakopa tizilombo tofunikira. Udindo uwu ukhoza kukwaniritsa, kunena, mpiru, buckwheat, katsabola ndi uchi wina wobzalidwa m'dziko. Komabe, pofuna chitetezo chokhazikika m'munda, zowononga sizinali zokwanira, kotero asayansi akhala akukonzekera zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zopindulitsa. Taganizirani ena mwa iwo."Trikhodermin" ndi wotsutsa kwambiri wa bowa wambiri (kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mitundu yovunda yosiyanasiyana, matenda obwera mochedwa ndi matenda ena osasangalatsa). Chomerachocho sichingavulaze kuchokera ku zomwe Trichoderma amachita, mosiyana ndi izi, bowa ili limatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa zomera kuti zisagwirizane ndi matenda ofanana. Kuchiza ndi mankhwala kungapangidwe kuchokera nthawi ya mphukira yopuma ndikupitirizabe nyengo yonseyi.
"Planriz" ndi mabakiteriya a nthaka omwe amateteza munda kuchokera ku powdery mildew, mizu ndi zowola, tsamba la dzimbiri, septoria (nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a raspberries), komanso tizilombo ta lepidopteran.
"Pentafag" - Njira yotsimikiziridwa yoteteza matenda a zipatso za mbeu ndi khansara ya bakiteriya, ndi kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya miyala. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi bwino kupewa nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew.
"Phytodoc" imaletsa chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya, makamaka, amateteza mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera kumapeto kwa zovuta, khansa ya bakiteriya, mizu ndi zipatso zowola, nkhungu, powdery mildew, fusarium, etc.
"Fitosporin-M" Amateteza mundawu motsutsana ndi matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya monga nkhanambo, mphuno, zozizira, mizu yovunda, powdery mildew, dzimbiri la bulauni, ndi zina.
"Mikosan" imateteza mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku fungal, mabakiteriya ndi matenda a tizilombo. Chochita chake chimachokera pa kuphimba ziwalo za zomera ndi filimu yotetezera yomwe imalola kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwagwire. Mankhwalawa amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi cha mtengo ndikuwathandiza kuthana ndi matenda omwewo. Chida ichi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse, mu chiwerengero cha 0,1 makilogalamu a mankhwala mu 4-8 malita a madzi.
"Gaupsin" Anakhala mankhwala othandizira nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete, njoka zam'madzi, chitumbuwa ndi ntchentche ntchentche. Mwa matenda, chigawo cha mphamvu ya mankhwala ndi powdery mildew, mochedwa choipitsa ndi ena. Imathandizanso kuti mbeuyo ikhale ndi nitrojeni yofunikira.
"Bitoxibacillin" Komanso imateteza mundawo kuti usadye tizirombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kabichi njenjete, haws, silkworms ndi zina). Kuchita kwake kumachokera ku kuphwanya kwa m'mimba ntchito ya tizilombo, chifukwa cha mphutsi imamwalira.
"Actofit" Amapha mbozi, nkhupakupa, whiteflies, nsabwe za m'masamba.
"Mtsinje" Zimatetezera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal character, monga Gaupsin, amatulutsa mamolekyu a nitrogen kuchokera mlengalenga. Mbali yapadera ya mankhwalawa ndi yofulumira kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi njira zina zowonetsera chitetezo, zotsatira (mizu ya mtengo, mankhwalawa amatha kufika pasanathe theka la ora atapopera mankhwala).
"Garden Garden" - Chida china choteteza mitengo ku nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete, powdery mildew ndi tizirombo tina ndi matenda ena.
Kanthani ndi njenjete zingathandize kuchotsa mankhwalawa "Fitoverm", kuchokera ku ziphuphu za silkworm, njenjete, zikopa, njenjete, kabichi, ndi zina zotero. - "Lepidocide".
"Nemabakt" - Awa ndiwo ang'onoting'onoting'ono omwe amalowa mkati mwa mphutsi ndi kuwononga ndi mphezi. Pakati pa chilimwe, tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuchotseratu munda wanu wa tizilombo towononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zamoyo zamoyo zimakhala ndi ubwino wambirimbiri: sizimadzikundikira m'nthaka, sizimapweteka zomera, ndipo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ena. Koma pali zovuta zina. Kwenikweni, mawonekedwewa amafunika nthawi yambiri kuti apindule, pamene poizoni amachititsa mofulumira kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo kungayambike kokha pamene kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuli osachepera +10°C. Panthawiyi, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe ndi chakudya cha zamoyo zomwe zimayimilira, kukonzekera ndikuyamba kukula. Apo ayi, zida zoterezi sizitha mphamvu, kotero kuti ntchito yoyamba yamaluwa ikhoza kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati chithandizo cha chemistry chikuthandizidwa.
Mankhwala
Kukonzekera kwa maluwa ndi mankhwala (mankhwala ophera tizilombo) akuonedwa ngati njira yothandiza kwambiri yoteteza mitengo ndi zitsamba ku matenda ndi tizirombo. 
Mukudziwa? Mawu akuti "mankhwala ophera tizilombo" amachokera ku mawu awiri Achilatini: pestis (matenda) ndi caedere (kupha). Lingaliro la "mankhwala ophera tizilombo" limaphatikizapo magulu otsatirawa a ziphe: mankhwala ophera tizilombo - kutsutsana ndi namsongole, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - tizilombo towononga, fungicides - motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zoocides - ndi nyama zotentha (mwachitsanzo, makoswe). Kawirikawiri, mankhwala opha tizilombo, monga momwe amatchulidwira dzina lawo, amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komabe pali zosawetseratu zomwe zimayambitsa kusabereka, komanso kukula kwa tizilombo zomwe zimaletsa chitukuko cha tizilombo.Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amasiku ano amachititsa mofulumira kwambiri komanso amakhalabe ndi mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali, koma, mosiyana ndi biologics, amatha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, Chithandizo cha zomera kumayambiriro kasupe sichisokoneza thanzi la anthu kapena zinyama, chifukwa patatha nthawi inayake chitatha, mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo amawonongeka. Ubwino wina wa kukonzekera mankhwala ndikuti amasungunuka bwino m'madzi ndipo amagulitsidwa mosavuta kuti agwiritse ntchito mwamsanga.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, mosiyana ndi biologics, mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ofunika kwambiri: kuposa mlingo woyenera ukhoza kuwononge zomera (kutentha, kuchepa kwa mungu, kuwononga zinyama) ndi kuvulaza chilengedwe, pomwe "kusoŵa" kumayambitsa kuwononga mavitamini otetezera chitetezo ku matenda omwe amafanana ndi poizoni.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala monga momwe zingathere motsatira malamulo a chitetezo, monga poizoni amatha kuvulaza anthu ndi ziweto, osati kungowamizidwa, komanso kudzera pakhungu ndi kupuma.Ndi bwino kugwira ntchito yopanga mitengo ya mitengo ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakonzedwa bwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo fungicide ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhaniyi, zomerazo zimatetezedwa ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Njira yothetsera mankhwala ovuta ngati amenewa ndi wamba wamba. Njira yoyamba yoperekera m'munda kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange urea (urea), ndikuwonjezera mchere wa sulphate. Zowonjezerapo mwayi wopangidwa ndi izi ndi mphamvu yake yochepetsera kuwuka kwa mtengo kwa kanthawi kochepa (kwa sabata kapena awiri), ndipo chifukwa chake, amatetezedwa ku chisanu chosadabwitsa panthawi ya maluwa (izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mitengo ya maula).
Pambuyo maluwa, mitengo iyenera kupepetsedwa ndi zocheperapo zothetsera njira ya urea. Kukonzekera koteroko kudzapulumutsa munda ku nsabwe za m'masamba, timapepala, timapulo timaluwa ta apulo, ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Kuchulukanso kwa urea kungayambitse kupanga mapepala pamoto pa pepala, choncho, kuchepetsa urea ndi madzi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri.
Kupopera mbewu kwa zipatso zomera ndi mkuwa sulphate kumatchuka. Ndondomekoyi imayambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, isanayambe kuoneka koyamba, popeza mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti masamba aziwotchera. Zosiyana ndizochitika pamene kuli kofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa mtengo.
Copper sulphate imakhudza kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, moniliosis, coccomycosis ndi nodulation, phyllosis, nkhanambo, ndi matenda ena. Mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa kuti azichitira mavitamini, mapeyala ndi maapulo.
Ndikofunikira! Copper sulfate ndi owopsa kwambiri! Choncho, m'pofunika kuteteza mankhwala kapena zotsalira zake kuti asalowe m'madzi kapena madzi ena, chifukwa izi zingachititse imfa ya nsomba ndi nyama ndi kuwononga mavuto aakulu kwa anthu.Kawirikawiri, mkuwa wa sulphate umasakanizidwa ndi gawo limodzi ndi laimu. The chifukwa osakaniza amatchedwa Bordeaux madzi ndipo amateteza munda ku matenda ambiri ndi tizilombo toononga, pamene kukhala opanda vuto.
Mankhwalawa ndi ena amkuwa, monga "HOM" (copper oxychloride), "Oxy" (copper oxychloride ndi oxadisyl), ndi zina zotero. Mitengo ndi zitsamba zimatetezedwa ku matenda a fungal, koma siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pachaka. Choncho, ngati kupopera mbewu kotereku kunkachitika mu kugwa, mtundu wina wa mankhwala uyenera kusankhidwa m'chaka.
Mpaka maluwawo afalikira pa mitengo, amatha kuchizidwa ndi sulfate yachitsulo. Kuwonjezera pa chitetezo ku tizirombo, mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito ina - imalimbikitsa zomera ndi chitsulo, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti chitukuko chawo chikule bwino, izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa mitengo yotere yokhala ndi zipatso zowonjezera monga maapulo, mapeyala ndi plums.
"Mankhwala 30 V" ndi kupopera kasupe kumayambiriro kasupe ndi cholinga choononga tizilombo toononga zomwe zimagwedeza pamtengo wa mitengo ya zipatso. Прежде всего это листовертка, червец, тля, белокрылка, щитовка и ложнощитовка, моль, медяница, плодовые клещи. Препарат образует на коре пленку, которая убивает "затаившихся" внутри личинок и уничтожает яйца насекомых.Chosavuta cha mankhwalawa ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe opanga akuchenjeza kuti asagwiritse ntchito kangapo kamodzi pa zaka zitatu.
Alimi ena amachititsa mundawo ndi mafuta a dizilo, koma mafutawa amawononga kwambiri zachilengedwe. Choncho, ngati simukugwira ntchito pamotokoto ya galimoto, kumene "nsalu ya nsapato imakhala yodzaza ndi mtanda", musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'munda. Koma ngati atasankha kutenga mwayi, mankhwalawa, poyamba, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mofulumira (ngakhale asanakhale impso zitapsa), kachiwiri, kusamalidwa kwake sikuyenera kukhala kochepa, komanso kuti phindu likhale bwino osati kuti lizidwalitse ndi madzi, komanso kusakaniza ndi mankhwala ena. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha: mafuta a dizilo angathandize kuteteza mtengo wa apulo kapena maula ku kuvunda, mwachitsanzo, ngati atapanga.
Mankhwala a anthu
Kwa otsutsa zamagetsi, ife tikhoza kulangiza mankhwala ambiri owerengeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kasupe wamaluwa. Apa, tidziŵika kuti zomera zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa tizirombo, zomwe zimayambitsa maziko a kupopera mbewu mankhwala, sizingapezedwe kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zina zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito masitima omwe akhala akuuma kuyambira chaka chatha, koma ngati "Chinsinsi" chikutanthauza kukhalapo kwa udzu watsopano, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakapita nthawi, komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika kuti ateteze mitengoyo. Kwenikweni, njirayi ikuwoneka motsimikizika: mpaka mphukira yayamba, timagwiritsa ntchito "chitetezo" choopsa komanso choopsa kwa mtengo wokha, ndipo masamba atseguka, maluwa ndi mawonekedwe a thumba losunga mazira, timagwiritsa ntchito "light version" ngati "kuwombera".
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumagwiritsa ntchito zomera zoterezi monga: Bzalani nyemba zouma (ndibwino kuti mutenge mwamsanga), tsabola wowawa kwambiri (mukhoza kumwa zouma), mtedza (masamba owuma), okoma ndi owawa pafupi (mukufunikira nsonga zatsopano za masamba, masamba ndi maluwa), tansy (dried inflorescences), chowawa (mungathe sarsazan (mukhoza kutenga mphukira zouma), tomato nsonga (mungagwiritse ntchito zouma kapena kutengedwa kuchokera kompositi wa chaka chatha), adyo (pounded cloves), singano zapaini, mbalame yamatcheri (mungatengepo zouma), chamomile, pharmacy, Dalmat, Caucasian nthambi zowuma masamba), Sophora listohvostnaya kapena tolstoplodnaya (zouma zitsamba pamodzi nthawi ya maluwa), fodya (shag) ndi ena ambiri.
Mfundo yokonzekera yankho ndi yofanana: zowonongeka zaphwanyika, zodzazidwa ndi madzi, zimaphatikizidwa ndi kusankhidwa. Zikatere, ngati zingatheke, zingayang'anidwe paukonde. Kuwonjezera pa kukonza zitsamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumapangidwanso ndi mankhwala a saline kapena yankho la superphosphate ndi potaziyamu chloride (yomaliza amathandiza kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mbozi).
Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi suckers zimachotsedwanso ndi mitengo ya zipatso yomwe imatulutsa fodya (imathiridwa pa udzu, womwe umayaka moto m'mundawu).
Kawirikawiri, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti mankhwala ochiritsira m'munda wamakono sizowononga chilengedwe monga mankhwala owopsa (ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kutentha nkhuni ndi ena), koma mphamvu zawo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Choncho, kusankha njira imodzi yopezera chitetezo kuyenera kuyambira pa zifukwa zambiri: kuyambira nyengo yofanana ndi munda wanu, msinkhu wa mitengo, kufalikira kwa dera komanso zochitika za chiwembu china cha tizilombo, etc. Ndifunikanso kusankha nthawi yoyenera ndendende pamene mukukonzekera mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku tizirombo: kumayambiriro kwa masika, kumayambiriro kwa maluwa kapena pambuyo pake.
Pamene mankhwala ochiritsira matenda ndi tizilombo toononga timapanga
Migwirizano yogwiritsira ntchito mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku tizirombo m'chaka, monga ife tazimvetsetsa kale, ingakhale yosiyana. Zokonzekera zina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, chifukwa cha kupsa mtima kwake, zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale panthawi ya maluwa komanso pambuyo popanga mazira.
Mulimonsemo, kasamalidwe kabwino ka munda kumapeto kwa nyengo kumaphatikizapo magawo anayi:
Choyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwala akuchitika musanayambe masamba kuyamba kuphulika mu mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba.- Yachiwiri ikuchitika panthawi yomwe impso zikupweteka.
- Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito yachitatu yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamaso pa maluwa, koma pamene maluwa amapangidwira ndipo pafupi kutsegula.
- Chachinai (chomaliza processing) chimachitidwa mwamsanga mutengapo mbeu.
Choyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwala akuchitika musanayambe masamba kuyamba kuphulika mu mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba.Mbali za kusamalira munda kumayambiriro kwa masika
Chithandizo cham'munda choyamba chimayesedwa mwinamwake chofunikira kwambiri. Ndi bwino kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso odwala matenda omwe amawongolera m'makungwa ndi nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi nthaka asanayambe kuganizira za hibernation ndikuyamba ntchito yawo yonyansa.
Chipale chotsika, kutentha kwadutsa zero, kunakhala tsiku lopanda mphepo - ndikufika kuntchito!
Chimene timaponyera mitengo mu kasupe musanayambe mphukira, ife tikudziwa kale: timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amakhumudwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo, koma amawononga tizilombo toononga.
Bordeaux madzi kwa woyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ntchito m'maganizo mpaka 3%. Mukhoza kugula chida chokonzekera bwino, ndipo mukhoza kupanga mankhwalawa mwa kusakaniza 0.45 makilogalamu a laimu ndi 0,3 makilogalamu a mkuwa wa sulphate mu chidebe cha madzi (10 l).
Mukhozanso kuthira mitengo ndi Nitrofen kapena chisakanizo cha urea ndi mkuwa sulfate (0,7 kg ndi 0.05 makilogalamu, mumtsuko). Mmalo mwa urea, alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni kapena feteleza feteleza, koma osati mankhwala a chlorini. Mulimonsemo, feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutangoyamba kubzala, mwinamwake sizidzatayika bwino.
Kuchiza mitengo ndi zitsamba ziyenera kukhala kwathunthu - kuchokera ku thunthu (makamaka m'malo aming'alu) ndi mitengo ikuluikulu kunthambi za nthambi. Musanayambe kupopera mbewu, onetsetsani kuti muyeretsenso bwino mbiyayo ndi burashi.
Kuonjezerapo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mbeu zosiyanasiyana zimadzuka pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira sizingakhale zofanana, choncho ngati mumalimbana ndi mankhwala oyamba, makamaka mitengo yoyambirira ndi zitsamba zingatenthe. Kotero ngati maapulo, mapeyala ndi plums akuponyedwa pakatikati pa mwezi wa March, ndiye, nenani kuti, currant yakuda ikhoza kukhala ndi nyengo ikukula kale. Choncho, ndi bwino kugawa njirayi mmagulu angapo kusiyana ndi kuyesa kugwira tsiku limodzi ndipo zotsatira zake zimatsuka maluwawo ndi poizoni.
Kupopera mitengo ndi tchire musanayambe maluwa
Monga kunanenedwa, musanayambe maluwa, maluwawo atakula, komanso pamphuno (musanayambe maluwa), mundawo umachiritsidwa. Ngati kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ziweto zawo zofooka ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, ngati tapatula madzi a Bordeaux ndi njira 3% panthawi yoyamba mankhwala, tsopano tikugwiritsa ntchito 1% yankho).
Komabe, ndibwino pa gawo ili kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamakono zomwe zingathe kugulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera. Mwachitsanzo, mwa kusakaniza "Chorus" ya fungicide ndi tizilombo ta "Aktar", nthawi imodzi mumateteza munda ku matenda a fungal ndi tizirombo. Kusakaniza komweku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pa maluwa. Mankhwala monga "Fufanon", "Decis", ndi zina zotero adziwonetsera bwino.
Mitundu yambiri yokonza munda pa maluwa
Funso "Kodi n'zotheka kupopera mitengo panthawi ya maluwa?" Ndizovuta kwambiri. Ambiri wamaluwa samapereka ichi, chifukwa n'zotheka kuwononga inflorescences ndi kusokoneza njira yonse yotsatira zipatso.
Kawirikawiri, palibe kukayika kuti nthawi ya maluwa sikutheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe sangathe kuvulaza maluwa, komanso njuchi zomwe zikugwira ntchito "m'munda wamaluwa".
Ngati mwadzidzidzi simunakhale ndi nthawi yokonza munda musanakhale maluwa, ndibwino kuti mtsogolo musakhalepo. Kukonzekera kwa munda nthawiyi kudzateteza mtengo ku nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, masamba a mphutsi, zinyama, sawflies ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso matenda ochuluka. Phosphorous-yokhala ndi mapangidwe okonzedwa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Fufanon kapena Actellic. Nthawi yowonjezera, gwiritsani ntchito "Fitoverm", "Akarin", "Iskra Bio", "Entobacterin" ndi zinthu zina zamoyo, chifukwa timakumbukira kuti ali otetezeka ku mtengo, koma timapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo towononga.
Kuchiza mitengo ndi zitsamba pambuyo pa maluwa
Kupopera mbewu zamitengo ndi zitsamba pambuyo pa maluwa ndi gawo lomalizira la kasupe munda kutetezedwa ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kuwononga mbozi ya njenjete, njenjete, njuchi, njenjete, nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa komanso kuteteza matenda omwe angatheke m'munda.
Kuyenera kuchitidwa pasanathe milungu itatu mutatha mitengo ndi zitsamba.
Pali zambiri zamakono zomwe zikukonzekera kukonza munda m'munda uno, kotero sipangakhale mavuto ndi kusankha woyenera kwambiri. Koma chomwe sichiri choyenera kupopera mitengo pambuyo pa maluwa, chotero ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'matumba. Ndi bwino panthawiyi kuti mupange zofuna za biologics kapena antchito omwe amadziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa amatha kupopera mitengo ya zipatso: Brunka, Blue Bordeaux, Fital, Delan, Saprol, Fury, Fastak, Talstar, Fufanon, "Decis", "Karate", "Confidor", "Aperkot", "Koragen".
Fungicide ya "Skor" yomwe imalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi imeneyi imathandizanso komanso yochepa kwambiri. Kusankha kumadalira pazifukwa zambiri, makamaka, mankhwala aliwonse akulinga cholimbana ndi tizirombo tina, zomwe zimakhala ndi zokhazokha pakati pa mitengo ya zipatso. Choncho, werengani malangizo ndikusankha mulingo woyenera kwambiri osakaniza.
Kotero, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha apricot, ngozi yaikulu kwambiri imakhala yowonongeka ndi yowonongeka, kuchokera ku tizirombo - aphid, masamba, njenjete, njenjete.
Peach, ukufalikira, nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi kuphulika kwa masamba ndi kufalikira, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa ndi pinworm. Mitengo imakhala yotchedwa moniliosis, klyasterosporosis, ndi polystygosis, pakati pa tizilombo ndi adani awo akuluakulu nkhuku, nsabwe za m'masamba, masamba a masamba, mbewu zambewu. Cherry ndi zipatso za zipatso zamaluwa pambuyo pa maluwa zingathe kuphulika ndi coccomycosis. Ntchentche zimakonda kuika mazira pansi pa peel pa chipatso pa nthawi yomwe amakhala, ndipo mitengoyi imayambitsanso nsabwe za m'masamba ndi moths.
Mitengo ndi mapeyala a Apple amadwala nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew, kuchokera ku tizilombo tokoma timene timadya timadzi ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi sawflies ndizoopsa.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawiyi ndi bwino kuwaza munda madzulo: mbozi zimabisala m'mamasamba amasankha mazira ndi mazira obiriwira usiku, omwe poizoni amawayembekezera. Ngati mankhwalawa agwira ntchito, m'mawa mudzatha kuona zochitika zazikuluzikulu: mbozi yambiri yakufa yomwe imapachikidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zofiira.
Mmene mungasamalire mitengo ndi zitsamba kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Mwachidziwikire, mukhoza kuchita zomwe mumakonda, koma pofuna chitetezo (chanu ndi iwo omwe akuzungulirani), komanso kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira, ndi bwino kutsatira malamulo ena ndi ndondomeko.
Ndikofunika kuyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera ku krone, pang'onopang'ono kusunthira pansi. Gawo lomalizira ndi kukonza gudumu (ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musaiwale gawo ili). Kupatula kupopera mbewu kotsiriza, komwe kumachitika panthawi ya "ntchito" yogwira ntchito ya mbozi, ndi bwino kuchiza mitengo kuyambira m'maŵa.
Kuti mupeze njira muyenera kusankha tsiku lopanda mphepo. Funsani za nyengo ya nyengo ndipo ngati mvula ikuwonetseratu tsiku lotsatira, pitani njirayi kwa masiku angapo. Popanda chinyezi, mankhwalawa amatenga mofulumira ndipo amawononga zomera. Chokhachokha chingakhale zinthu zina zamoyo, zomwe zimafuna kukhalapo kwa chinyezi, kotero musanazigwiritse ntchito, werengani malangizo. Nkofunikanso kuti muwerengetse bwinobwino kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, popeza kuti akugwiritsanso ntchito pakapita nthawi sichivomerezeka: muyenera kuthetsa chimodzimodzi momwe mukufunira chithandizo cha lero. Izi zimatsatira kuchokera kuwerengera: pafupifupi 5-6 l ya yankho la "masamba" la mtengo wamkulu, 0,5 mpaka 1.5 l zitsamba ndi mitengo yaying'ono, malingana ndi kukula kwake.
Pomalizira, kuti mugwire ntchito bwino, musayikane tsache mu chidebe ndikuchiwaza pamtengo - kugula bwino sprayer bwino. Masiku ano, opanga amapereka zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zingakupangitseni kusankha njira yabwino malinga ndi kukula kwa munda wanu (iwo amasiyana m'mawindo onse ndi mphamvu, chabwino, ndipo, motero, pamtengo). Mitengo yochepa yomwe imakula imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi pulasitiki yopanga pulasitiki, ndi minda yaikulu yomwe ingakhale yoyenera kugula mpweya wamagetsi wotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Musaiwale za njira ya chitetezo chaumwini. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mankhwala ophera mankhwala omwe mumagwirira ntchito komanso, malinga ndi izi, kuti musinthe khalidwe lanu. Mulimonsemo, nkhopeyo iyenera kutsekedwa ndi mpweya wabwino kapena ubweya wotsekemera, tsitsili liyenera kumangidwa ndi khungu kapena bandana, ndi maso otetezedwa ndi magalasi. Valani magolovesi ndipo ndibwino kuti musachoke khungu loyera. Sungani mabanja (makamaka ana) ndi ziweto.
Kukonzekera m'munda wamaluwa ndi ntchito yovuta, yofuna ndalama zambiri zogwira ntchito ndi zachuma, komanso kudziwa bwino za ulimi wamakono. Ndipo komabe simungakhoze kuchita popanda izo, ndithudi, ngati mukuwerengera moyo wautali wa mitengo kapena zitsamba zomwe mumabzala ndikufuna kukolola bwino chaka chilichonse.
