Kupentala kumakhala kofala kwambiri kudziko lina, kumene nyama ndi zakudya za mazira zimayamikira kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mbalame za mbira zimapindulitsa mwazinthu zomwe zili. Iwo samapereka zovuta za mlimi, mwinamwake samadwala ndipo mwamsanga zimagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zirizonse. Ndipo mitundu ya broiler imadziwikanso ndi zokolola zambiri. Kodi izi ndizosiyana bwanji, momwe mungazisamalire, zomwe mungadyetse ndi kumene mungapeze izo zidzakambidwe pambuyo pake mu nkhaniyi.
Kodi nkhuku ya nkhuku ya nkhuku ndi iti?
Mitundu ya mbalame iliyonse imakhala yosavuta kuzindikira ndi thupi lawo la nyama, kukula kwakukulu ndi khalidwe linalake.
Mukudziwa? Oyamba kuphunzira za kukhalapo kwa mbalame zakutchire ndi mafuko a ku South Africa. Ndipo mu zaka V BC. e. Mbalame iyi inadziwika ndi Agiriki akale ndi Aroma, omwe adayamika ku chiyero chopatulika. Kuchokera apo, kutchuka kwa mbalame zokongola kwafalikira kumadzulo kwa Asia ndi Byzantium. Imeneyi inali nyama yamtengo wapatali kwambiri, yomwe anthu olemera okha ndiwo akanakhoza kulipira.
Mbalame ya mbalameyi ndi chipatso cha abambo osatha komanso osatha, omwe potsirizira pake amafunafuna mbalame yopindulitsa kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu, kukana kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi zofunikira zamoyo.
Kufotokozera ndi maonekedwe
Mbalame za mbalame zam'mbali zam'mbali zimakhala zikuwoneka ndi mapiko awo okongoletsa. Malingana ndi mtunduwo, ukhoza kukhala woyera, imvi-buluu, kusuta ndi tinthu tambiri tating'ono ndipo timaphimba thupi lonse.
Mudzakhala othandiza kudziwa makhalidwe ndi moyo wa mbalame wamba.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbalameyi kumakhala ndi malamulo akuluakulu komanso thupi. Kuchokera ku makolo achilendo iwo adalandira:
- zowonjezera bwino zowoneka bwino;
- mapiko ang'onoang'ono amphamvu amawoneka;
- utsi wautali wamaliseche, kutembenukira mozungulira mu torso;
- Mlomo wooneka ngati nkhuku wofiira;
- kumbuyo;
- mchira waching'ono ndi wotsika kwambiri pubescence;
- ndevu zopanda tsitsi;
- catkins wofiira-wofiira ndi yoyera atapachikidwa kuchokera kumbali zonse za mutu wosagwira ntchito;
- Kukula kofiira kofiira pa korona ndi pansi pa khosi.
Cholengedwa chamoyochi chimatsogolera moyo wa ziweto ndipo, ngakhale kuti chimaoneka bwino, chikupitirizabe kukhala chapafupi. Iye ndi wochezeka ndi onse okhala mnyumbamo, koma apitirize kutali nawo.
M'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, mbalameyi imapirira kupirira ndi kuzizira. Zikhoza kusungidwa mu khola komanso mkati mwa aviary. Chosowa chokhacho cha pear exotism sichikulirakulira mwachibadwa cha amayi.
Kukonzekera
Ntchentche za Guinea zili ndi zotsatirazi zotsatirazi:
- Pofuna kuphedwa, nyamayi ili kale yoyenera pa miyezi isanu. Panthawi imeneyi, akazi amalemera pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu, ndipo amuna amayeza 200 g zambiri. Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kwa broilers sikudutsa makilogalamu 3.5.
- Pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya kukula, chakudya cha pachaka chiri pafupifupi 2.8 kg.
- Kuonjezera apo, mbalameyi imakhala ndi mazira okwera kwambiri. Kwa chaka, nkhuku, malingana ndi maonekedwe a mtanda, imapereka mazira 120-150, omwe amatha kulemera kwa 45-50 g pafupipafupi. Iwo amasiyana ndi nkhuku mu chipolopolo chofewa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Malingana ndi zomwe zili ndi zakudya ndi mavitamini, mazira a nkhukuzi amawatsogolera pazomwe amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala othandizira kwambiri antiallergenic.
Mitundu ya nkhuku za broiler
M'zinthu zamakono zamakono, lingaliro la mbalameyi imagwirizanitsa pafupi mitundu 20 ya mbalame kuchokera ku fuko losiyana la banja la Fazanov. Ambiri mwa iwo akuphatikizidwa pakuwonekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, yomwe lero ikuimiridwa kwambiri. Talingalirani otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane zochitika zonse zakutchire komanso zoweta zomwe zimakonda kwambiri mbalame za mbira, makamaka mbalame zam'mimba za Zagorskaya.
French (zazing'ono)
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachokera ku France ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphukira za fodya, thupi lalikulu la minofu, komanso mchira waching'ono womwe umagwera pansi. Nkhumbazi zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala ndi mluzi wautali pansi pa mlomo, khosi lalitali kwambiri komanso thupi lokhazikika.
Chifukwa cha mapiko amphamvu kwambiri, amatha kuwuluka mosavuta. Choncho, abambo odziwa bwino amalangiza kudula nthenga m'mwana. Mitengo imakhala yofunikira ndi alimi ambiri ndipo masiku ano amatsogolere poyerekeza. Izi ndi chifukwa cha mitengo yapamwamba ya nyama ndi mazira. Anthu okhwima amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu. Chaka chonse, amayi amapereka mazira 150 olemera 50 g iliyonse. Chigawo choyambira cha French broiler chimadziwika ndi mdima wa bluish tinge umene umawonekera pamene wophika. Amakonda kwambiri masewera.
Zagorsky zoyera
Mitundu imeneyi, ngati mbalame zamtunduwu, imadziwika ndi maonekedwe obirira a maluwa ambirimbiri komanso mchere wobiriwira, umene umadutsa pamutu ndi pamimba. Nthengazi zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zikuwonjezeka.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku za Guinea, monga njuchi, zimayamba kugwedeza mtima pamodzi ndi gulu lonse poona ngozi: agalu, amphaka kapena ngakhale mlendo. Nthawi zina mbalamezi zimafuula pamene zimachoka ku gulu, komanso zimasonyeza kuti zikuwonekera kwambiri kwa anthu onse okhalamo.Nkhumba ya mbalame yoyera yoweta ya Zagorsk imafanana mofanana ndi mtundu wamtundu wa mbalameyi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafuta omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, amakhalanso ndi ubweya wa bluish, womwe umakhudza kuwonetsa mitembo. Ndili ndi miyezi 10, amphongo amalemera 2 kg, ndipo nkhuku imapereka mazira 140 pachaka. Mu kukula ndi zokolola, mitanda iyi ndi yochepa kwambiri kwa anzawo a ku France.
White Siberia
Ma broilers a Siberia amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zawo zoyera, komanso ndevu zofiira, ndevu ndi paws. Ziwalo izi za thupi zimawoneka zosiyana kwambiri, kukopa chidwi kwa iwo okha. Mbalameyi imakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu, imapirira chimfine, kutentha, imangokhalira kumangika kumalo atsopano ndipo imakhala yopanda ulemu.
Mitundu ya nkhumba za mbalame zimadulidwa kuti zizidya nyama. Werengani za ubwino wa mbalame ya mbira.
Oimira a mtundu uwu akukula mofulumira. Amuna okhwima amalemera 2 kg. Ndipo akazi, kuwonjezera, amadziwika ndi mkulu dzira kupanga mitengo. Kwa chaka amapereka mazira 150 ndi kulemera kwa 50 g.
Cream (Suede)
Izi zimabzala, komanso woyera wa Siberia, alibe zizindikiro zowala za maonekedwe. Amadziwika ndi mthunzi wa pinki wofiira wamtundu wa nthenga ndi wofiirira mthupi.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha nthawi yosungirako, mazira a nkhuku anali ofunika kwambiri pa zakudya za oyendetsa sitima ndi oyenda. Iwo amathandizidwanso nthawi zonse pafupipafupi ndi akatswiri a zofufuzira za ku America.
Zizindikiro za kuwonetsera, poyerekeza ndi zakunja zapamwambazi, mbalame zam'mlengalenga ndizopansi. Anthu okhwima amalemera 1.5 makilogalamu ndipo sabala mazira oposa 110 pachaka ndi kulemera kwa 42 g.
Zochitika Zokhudzana
Nkhuku za Guinea zimapindulitsa pokonza, pamene zimadyetsa bwino, zimadyetsa chakudya, zimakhala zokoma ndipo zimatha kudzikweza. Kubala zipatso kwa mbalame zowonongeka makamaka kumadalira momwe zimakhalira. Kuwonjezera apo, odziwa tsarsarkovy amalangiza kuti azikonzekera bwino nyumbayo ndikuyang'anira bwino. Momwe tingachitire izi, tikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.
Ganizirani zochitika zonse za mbalame zam'nyumba kunyumba, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
Zofunikira pa chipinda
Mbalame yamtengo wapatali zimayamikira malo omasuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zokongola kwambiri. Choncho, wofalitsayo ayenera kusamalira kukhalapo kwa nkhuku yotentha komanso kukonza ndege ya aviary pasadakhale, mwinamwake mipando yake idzagwiritsidwa ntchito usiku wonse m'mitengo ndipo posakhalitsa idzatha. Malo ndi malo oyendayenda a mbalame za guinea zakonzedwa ndi ziganizo zotsatirazi:
- pa mamitala iliyonse pa nyumba ya mbalame sayenera kukhala oposa 2 akuluakulu;
- Ana obadwa kumene ali pamalo omwewo akhoza kubzalidwa khumi ndi awiri;
- chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa zowonongeka sizimalola mpweya wochuluka;
- mkati mwa nyumba ya nkhuku, m'deralo lofikira, oledzera ndi feeders amaikidwa, ndipo zowonongeka ndi zisa zimapangidwanso;
- pansi ndikutsekedwa ndi udzu wambiri kapena zofunda, ndipo mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhuku;
- Gawo loyendetsa gawo loyendetsera polojekiti chifukwa chokhala ndi malo okwanira 1 ayenera kugwa 30 mita mamita a malo;
- Chipindacho chiyenera kuyimitsidwa kumtunda wa mamita awiri ndi ukonde;
- pamalo omwe amasungidwira mbalame za guinea, zitsamba ndi zomera zina ndi zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kulenga mlengalenga.
Malamulo osamalira
Kusamalira nkhuku za nkhuku sizikusiyana kwambiri ndi nkhuku. Pachifukwa ichi, mlimi akuyenera kukonza zochitika izi:
- kamodzi pachaka, nyumbayo imasowa kuyeretsa, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa zinyalala, kutsuka ndi kusinthanitsa pansi pansi, kumeta mpanda;
- m'nyengo yozizira, masiku 3-4 aliwonse zinyalala ziyenera kutsitsidwanso, kukonkha kachikale kakang'ono;
- ngakhale m'nyumba ya mbalame, kumene mbalame zimasungidwa, palibe fungo labwino, mumayenera kupumitsa chipinda;
- mu kutentha, sungani madzi m'madzi otentha kawiri pa tsiku ndikuwasamba tsiku ndi tsiku;
- Katatu patsiku panthawi imodzi ndikudyetsa ma ward, mutatha kuyeretsa odyetserako kuchokera ku zotsalira za kudyetsa;
- onetsetsani kuti m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kwa nyumba ya nkhuku sikugwera m'munsimu +12 digiri Celsius, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumafanana ndi 65-70%;
- pa nthawi ya kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dzuwa, kuti pakhale mazira a kuika nkhuku ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nyali zimayenda tsiku lililonse kuyambira 7am mpaka 10 koloko masana.
Zimene mungadyetse mbalame
Nkhuku za Guinea ndi mbalame zenizeni, zomwe zimatha kusamalira chakudya paokha. Amadyetsa bwino, amasonkhanitsa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, komanso amasaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi makoswe. Koma kudalira zinyama zakutchire zawadi zotetezera sizothandiza. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kukonza chakudya panthawi yomweyo.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhuku ya Guinea imayambitsa matenda, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa ndi makanda.
Ndipo pakuganizira cholinga chachikulu cha kubzala broiler, komwe kumakhala ndi zomanga thupi kwambiri, zakudya zowonjezera mbalame ziyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zolemera mu mchere ndi mavitamini. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe sitingapereke kwa akuluakulu ndi zinyama. Nkhuku za Guinea zimatha kusamalira chakudya
Mbalame zazikulu za guinea
Mbalame zodabwitsazi amadya mwamtheradi chirichonse. Koma kuti chakudya chawo chokwera bwino chikhale choyenera. Momwemo, ili ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- oats - 20 g;
- balere - 20 g;
- chimanga - 21 g (gawo la tirigu lingasinthidwe ndi zakudya zonyansa monga mbatata yophika, tirigu, kanyumba tchizi);
- chimanga cha tirigu - 20 g;
- chakudya cha nsomba - 5 g;
- kaloti yaiwisi - 20 g (chigawochi ndi chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ndicho chimachokera kwa retinol ndi keratin, ngakhale kuti amadya mosasamala);
- clover, nyemba, udzu udzu osakaniza, kabichi masamba, quinoa, nettle, achinyamata birch masamba, dandelions, burdock nsonga - 25 g;
- odulidwa singano kuchokera ku spruce - 15 g;
- yisiti - 6 g (kuwonjezera kwambiri ntchito ya dzira-atagona);
- mafuta a nsomba, zinyalala kapena nyama yophika - 3 g (amangofika pokhapokha ngati ziweto sizilephera kubzala m'munda kapena kumunda, kumene munthu angapeze mphutsi, mbewa, slugs ndi achule);
- mchere wa tebulo - 0,3 g;
- masamba atsopano - 50 g (omwe ali ndi maadiresi omwe amawathandiza kuti asakwaniritse zosowa zawo, ndizosafunika kupereka udzu wouluka kapena wouma);
- Mitengo ya mchere (magawo ang'onoang'ono a miyala, choko wosweka, madzi ophwanyika a m'nyanja kapena madzi akumwa, phulusa, mchenga waukulu wa mtsinje);
- chakudya - 50 g (zikuyenera kudyetsa wouma);
- Chakudya - 10 g (zowonjezera ndizofunikira ngati vuto la mapuloteni likusowa).
Ndikofunikira! Chofunika chaka ndi chaka cha mbalame yamkukukudya yomwe imadyetsa tirigu ikuyenera kuwerengedwa ngati 33-36 kg. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame za mbalame, ngati zili mu chipinda chofunda, 76 g ya chakudya chambewu ndi 3-4 g ya nyama (tsiku ndi mutu) ndi zokwanira.
Achinyamata
Chakudya cha mfumu chili ngati chakudya cha nkhuku. Kusiyana kokha kumakhala kovomerezeka kwa mapuloteni tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe ayenera kukhala 24% mwa chakudya chonse. Pamene nkhuku zikukula, chiwerengerochi chachepetsedwa kufika 17%. Kuti chitukuko cha achinyamata chikhale chokwanira, zakudya zake zimaperekedwa:
- Nthambi ya tirigu (yoperekedwa kuchokera tsiku loyamba la moyo, kuyambira 1 g, pang'onopang'ono ikuwonjezeka kufika 10 g ndi zaka 90 za masiku);
- Dzira la nkhuku lopweteka (lovomerezeka mu sabata yoyamba la moyo);
- zitsamba za mkaka zophikidwa mu mkaka;
- Mbewu za chimanga (zingaperekedwe kwa ana, kuchokera pa 1.8 g ndikubweretsa gawolo kwa tsiku la 50 la moyo kufika pazitali 4.6 g);
- ufa wa oat (kuchokera pa galasi mpaka tsiku la 120 la moyo, gawolo limakula kufika 13.5 g);
- ufa wa tirigu (ziweto zimalangizidwa kuti ziwonjezere magalamu atatu a gawo ili mu miyezi 2.5);
- Mapira (pa 5.7 g amapereka kokha kuchokera pa tsiku la 59 la moyo, pang'onopang'ono akuonjezera mlingo wa tsiku ndi 20.7 g);
- Mabala a balere (omwe amalowetsedwa mu zakudya pa miyezi itatu ndi gawo lililonse la 4.2 g);
- chakudya cha nsomba (choperekedwa kuchokera tsiku loyamba kufika 1-3 g);
- mkaka wowawasa (wothandiza monga chakudya choyamba chowonjezera pa mlingo wa 3 g, pang'onopang'ono kukula kwa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kufika 14 g);
- maluwa atsopano (nkhuku zatsopano zomwe zinaswedwa bwino ndizomwe zimadula zitsamba ndi nyemba);
- udzu wa clover (wotchulidwa 13.3 g kuchokera pa miyezi itatu);
- Msuzi wa Baker (mukhoza kupereka 1-2 g kuchokera masiku 40 a moyo).
Alimi a nkhuku ayenera kudziwa bwino zovuta za kubereketsa mbalame ya nkhuku muchitetezo, komanso kuphunzira momwe angasamalire mbalame ya mlimi.
Kubala nkhuku za broiler
Kukonzekera bwino mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimabereka zimathandizira malangizo awa:
- Ndikofunika kumasula makadi kunyumba, atatha. Izi zimachitidwa kuti mbalame ya hafu-feral izolowere pokhalamo ndipo imabwereranso kunyumba itatha kuyenda. Pamene kudyetsa mwadongosolo nthawi imodzi, ziweto zimathamangira kwa odyetsa, ndiyeno zimathamangiranso kudyetsa.
- Kuyesera kosiyanasiyana ndi kuswana kwa mtundu wosakanizidwa kwawonetsa kuti mbalame za broiler sizikusowa "zotentha zotentha". Chifukwa cha chitonthozo chawo, cholembera chokoma ndi lalikulu aviary. Omwe amadziwa zokolola amalangiza kukula mbalame za nyama kwa miyezi itatu, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo zimasiya kukula.
- Ngakhale alimi oyamba nkhuku amatha kuthana ndi kuswana kwa mbalame zam'mimba m'minda. Zinyama mwamsanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe amawasamalira, ndi alendo osakondana ocheza nawo. Iwo sali wamanyazi ndipo amakhulupirira kotheratu mtsogoleri wa ziweto zawo. M'bwalo iwo samawonetsa zachiwawa kwa zinyama zina.
- Monga nkhuku, mbalamezi zimakonda kuyendayenda pansi kufunafuna tizilombo ndi mphutsi, kotero mukhoza kukumba dera laling'ono, komanso kutsanulira mulu wa mchenga wa mtsinje kapena phulusa lapafupi pafupi. Mbalame zidzasangalala kwambiri kukhala ndi malo osambira.
- Nthawi zina mbalame zingapo zimatha kuthamanga mpanda. Mwachikhalidwe, iwo samathawa ndipo amatha kubwereranso. Kuti muwagwire, muyenera kupanga mawonekedwe a ngozi yoyandikira. Ndiye mbalamezi zimangoganizira za adani awo ndipo zimayiwala za chilengedwe.