Tizilombo ta mphesa ndi vuto lalikulu kwa alimi. Amawononga mbali zonse zamtchire. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukuru, tizilombo timafooketsa chomeracho, chifukwa cha izi, matenda osiyanasiyana amakula, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa chikhalidwe. Kuti musunge mbewu, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimawopseza kwambiri, momwe mungapewere mawonekedwe awo kapena kuti ziwonongeke.
Phyloxera
Ndi kugawa kwakukulu, amapanga magawo okhala anthu, chifukwa amatha kuwononga mahekitala amtunda. Ili ndi dzina lachiwiri - mphesa za mphesa, chifukwa amafanana ndi tizilombo.
Mitundu yonse yachilengedwe ya phylloxera ndiowopsa pachikhalidwe: mphutsi (zoyendayenda), nymphs, mapiko komanso akulu akulu othawa.
Zimakhala zovuta kupeza nsabwe za mphesa pamtengo ndi maliseche.
Tizilombo ta chikasu tating'onoting'ono kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatalika pafupifupi 1-2.5 mm.
Pali mitundu iwiri:
- Leaf - mphutsi kuboola ndi phula wa phenoscis, kuyamwa msuzi. Chifukwa chobisika kwapadera pamatayala amadzimadzi, amadyera ndi opunduka, ma gall (zotupa ndi ma tubercles) amawonekera, atazunguliridwa ndi tsitsi. Ma Vagabond amakhala mkati mwazomwezi, amasintha kukhala achikulire, kusiya ana ndi kufa. Mphutsi zatsopano zimayambitsa masamba oyandikana nawo. Phylloxera yamtunduwu imadikirira nthawi yozizira pamabowo ndi m'malaya osatha mu gawo la dzira.
- Muzu - umakhudza dongosolo la pansi panthaka. Zimafooketsa, mafangasi, ma virus ndi mabakiteriya zimakhalapo. Mizu yodwala imayimitsa chitukuko, mtengowo umamwalira pakapita nthawi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizovuta kupulula, komabe. Kulimbana nawo kumaphatikizapo:
- Pakuya kwambiri, dulani mizu yam'mwamba.
- Kufufuza musanafike: Bi-58, Karbofos, Fufanon. Mbande zimayikidwa mu yankho la mankhwala, ndiye kuti maola 24 amasungidwa m'matumba apulasitiki.
- Kusintha kwa Fastak, Actellik (nthawi 2 nthawi yakula). Kudzimbidwa koyamba kumachitika ndikutsegulira kwa impso mu gawo la masamba 2-3. Mu Julayi, njirayi imabwerezedwa.
Kufufuza kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chofotokozedwa muzokonzedwa kwa mankhwala.
Tizilomboti timalowa ndi mphepo, madzi, nyama ndi mbalame, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zam'munda, zokhala ndi mbande zoyenda.
Mafunso
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhupakupa zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa zipatso, tanthauzo lawo:
- Mphesa wa kangaude - kachilombo ka arthropod kokhala ngati udzu wachikasu, kukula kwa 0,4-0.6 mm. Amayamba kutentha pamtunda wa + 15 °, osagwa masiku angapo. Patatha sabata limodzi, akuyamba kuwononga amadyera. Ndizosatheka kuzindikira nthata za akangaude. Kugonjetsedwa kwa tchire kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyanika kwoyera-kwapa ndi mawanga owala pazomera. Mbale ziuma, mbewu imafa.
- Chinyani - 0,2 mm. Malo obisika, okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa ngati chipale chofewa, amaoneka ngati obiriwira. Amasanduka zofiirira, zotupa. Izi zimabweretsa kudwala pokonza masango, greenery, mphukira, tinyanga. Posakhalitsa mphesa zimafa. Malo otsogolera malo amalowera kudutsa mbande ndi tchire loyandikana.
- Tsamba la mphesa - osaposa 0.15 mm. M'nyengo yozizira, amadya impso, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonongeka. Mphukira zofowoka ndi zopota zimawoneka kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika chifukwa cha chisanu. Chifukwa chakugonjetsedwa, masamba amapukutira ndi kupunduka, zikuwoneka kuti amadulidwa ndi tsamba.
Zitha kuthandizidwa, njira zothandiza kwambiri:
- Musanayambe kutupa kwa impso, gwiritsani ntchito 5% ya laimu sulfure molingana ndi mawu ake.
- Ngati zizindikiro zikupezeka, phulirani masamba a Bi-58, Actellik, Neoron, Omayt. Kukonzanso kumabwerezedwa kawiri kapena katatu katatu pakadutsa masabata 1.5-2.
- Nyengo yonse yokula, ikani mitengo ndi njira ya 2% ya Fozalon ndi Karate.
Popewa, udzu, yatsani zinyalala zam'madzi mu kugwa ndi zinthu zobzala zodwala.
Leaflet
Mphesa zimakhudzidwa ndi mitundu itatu ya tizilombo:
Tsamba la mphesa - njenjete zapakatikati ndi mapiko a 2-3 masentimita, kamvekedwe ka bulauni kakang'ono ndi tint ya mkuwa, 2 kudulidwa, pafupifupi mikwingwirima yakuda. Amphaka amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira kukhala bulauni. Amayamba kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yakutupa kwa impso, kudya kaye kenako ndikupitilira kupuma. Mdani wachilengedwe ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Timapepala ta zaka ziwiri - 12-15 mm kutalika. Mapikowo ndi mandimu opepuka ndi Mzere wakuda wa trapezoid. Mbozi zimakhala ndi mutu wakuda, thupi limasintha mtundu kuchoka pa udzu wofewa kukhala wofiyira. Ma ovaries ndi maluwa amadyedwa, ndiye amapatsira zipatso. Kalata yamtunduwu imatha kuwononga 80% ya zokolola pachilimwe.
Grozdeva - mapiko amtundu wamtundu wamafuta azitona okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Mumtunda wotalika mpaka masentimita 1-1.3. Makatani am'madzi okongola, osusuka, osunthika mwachangu. Amadya magawo onse a tchire. Mutha kuwona ndi tsamba lomata.
Kuikamo mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo titha kupanga:
- Tukutionm. Mitengo imalimidwa kanayi nthawi yakula. Emulsion yotsanulira imalowetsedwa mu gawo la 0.6-2 l / ha. Mankhwalawa amakhalanso oopsa kwa tizilombo tothandiza (ma ladybugs, mavu, ndi zina).
- Tsimbush. Zimapangidwa pamsasa wa 10% ndi 25%. Miyezo: 0.7-0.9 l / ha (10%) ndi 0.26-0.4 l / ha (25%). Ntchito katatu pachaka.
- Ekomet. Kuyenda kantchito: 1.5-2 l / ha. Panyengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito maulendo 5, masiku 40-45 omaliza zipatsozi zisanakhwime.
Mankhwala aliwonse sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ya maluwa.
Zonunkhira
Uwu ndi gulugufe wamadzulo kuchokera ku banja la mitengo ya mitengo. Chingwe chachikulu chakuda kapena chofiirira chimakhala ndi mapiko a 6.5-9 masentimita. Amphaka amadikira nthawi yozizira mu mayendedwe opangidwa mphukira zosatha. Chapakatikati, zimalowa kwambiri mu nkhuni, ndikuwonongeka. M'malo awa, makungwa amwalira, msuzi wokhala ndi tizirombo timatuluka m'mabowo. M'mwezi wa Meyi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamba; Wamkazi amatha kuikira mazira 800. Mapira amtundu wofiirira ndimtundu wokha wokhala ndi fungo.
Monga prophylaxis yakuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitika:
- mankhwalawa kuwonongeka kwa kotekisi ndi munda var;
- kuphimba kwa ma boles kuchokera ku dongo losakanikirana ndi guluu wa casein (200 g pa ndowa), Karbofosa (90 g pa 10 l);
- kuyanika kwa ma boles ndi emulsion Chitetezo kapena utoto wochokera kumadzi musanadye nyengo yachisanu;
- Kuchotsa kwakanthawi kwa nthambi zowonongeka ndi zowuma, makungwa ochulukirapo.
Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidaoneka pamitengo, mankhwala azithandiza kuthana nayo:
- Bitoxibacillin (60 g pa 10 malita a madzi);
- Lepidocide (25 g pa ndowa);
- Fitoverm (20 ml pa 10 l).
Kuti muthandize kuwononga tizilombo, mutha kubweretsa m'munda wa adani okhala ndi tsitsi lachilengedwe.
Chakudya cha Marble
Ichi ndi kachilomboka kakakulu kofiirira komwe kamakhala ndi elytra yamithunzi ya marble, kutalika kwa 7-8 masentimita. Makhungwa amaphulika kulowa m'nthaka nthawi yachisanu.
Pambuyo pakuwotha ndi kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa, amadzuka ndikudya nthangalazi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi thupi loyera komanso mutu wakuda, nsagwada zophuka. Ndianthu awiri okha omwe amatha kuwononga chitsamba chonse cha mphesa zachaka chimodzi pachaka.
Kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa kachilomboka, ayenera kusungidwa pamanja. Monga njira yogula zogulira, zokonzekerazi zidatsimikizira bwino: Bingu-2, Bazudin, Diazinon.
Mealybug
Ngati mphesa zikuwoneka kuti zikung'ambika ndipo cheza choyera chikuwonekera, ndiye kuti ndiwowukiridwa ndi mealybug. Akagonjetsedwa, masamba ndi Magawo amauma, amasiya kuwonetsa.
Ikawoneka, khungwa lakale liyenera kutsukidwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Ngati tizilombo tili ndi anthu ambiri, mankhwalawa amathandiza: Actara, Actellik, Golden Spark, Confidor. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, pamene mphutsi zazikazi zimayikira mazira.
Menyani nyerere zomwe zimanyamula tizilombo. Mwachitsanzo, dzazani anthirayo ndi madzi otentha.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti mphesa zimathanso kukhudzidwa ndi ma whiteflies, cicadas, koma pafupipafupi kuposa tizirombo tina. Zachilengedwe zopangidwa ndi Aktar, Akarin, Spark zimathandiza kuthana nazo.
Ndi chinyezi chachikulu, nkhono kapena ma slgs amatha kuwoneka. Ingathandize makina ojambula ndi kuwaza ndi mchere.
M'pofunikanso kutchulapo mavu ndi mbalame, zomwe mphesa zimaphuka, ndizothandiza, pollinators, ndipo zipatso zikawoneka, tizirombo toyipa. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavu, misampha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mbalame zisamafike pachimake ndikugwiritsa ntchito ukonde.
Tizilombo chilichonse chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu titha kuwononga zochuluka. Chifukwa chake, kupewa, kuzindikira kwa nthawi yake komanso kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikofunikira kwambiri.
