Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingachitire nkhuku pullorosis

Nkhuku zing'onozing'ono zimayambitsa matenda ambiri amene amachititsa imfa sabata yoyamba ya miyoyo yawo. Zovuta, zimakhala zovuta kwa mlimi wa nkhuku kukumbukira mitundu yonse ya matenda otheka, koma muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimafala kwambiri. M'nkhani ino, tidzakambirana vuto lodziwika bwino ngati pullorosis, ndikukuuzani za zizindikiro zake, matenda ndi matenda.

Zamkatimu:

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi pathogenesis
• Maonekedwe ndi zizindikiro za pullorosis
• Mphezi mwamphamvu
• Osatha
• Onetsetsani
• Zofufuza ndi mayeso a labotori
• Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingachitire nkhuku pullorosis
• "Levomitsetin"
• Polymyxin
• Tetracyclines
• Fluoroquinolones
• Sulfanilamides
• Makonzedwe okonzedwa
• Njira zothandizira
• Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti

Kodi matendawa ndi otani?

Mawu akuti pullorosis (Pullorosis) amamveka bwino ngati matenda opatsirana a nkhuku zomwe zimakhudza m'matumbo, ziwalo za parenchymal, komanso zimapangitsa kuti anthu okalamba azikhala ochepa.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa matenda kunafotokozedwa mu 1889 ku England, koma padzakhala dzina losiyana - "mbalame salmonellosis".

Ku Ulaya, matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri mu mbalame zikuluzikulu, koma ku United States, posachedwa mbalame zazing'ono zimagwidwa nazo. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zizindikiro za pulorosis zinazindikira ndi alimi a nkhuku monga mavuto awiri osiyana ndi mayina awo: "nkhuku" komanso "kutsekula m'mimba".

Kulimbana kumeneku kwakhala kukumanapo ngakhale m'mabuku ovomerezeka, koma pambuyo pake asayansi anatha kutsimikizira kuti pali matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Lero, matendawa ali pafupi pafupifupi mbali zonse za dziko lapansi, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhudza nkhuku.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi pathogenesis

Causative wothandizira matendawa ndi Salmonella pullorum gallinosum - "woboola pakati", wokhala ndi ndodo zomaliza.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku zikufa, chifukwa chiyani nkhuku zili ndi mapiko, chifukwa nkhuku zimakondana, chochita chiyani ngati anapiye ali ndi miyendo ndipo ngati sakukula.

Kutenga kwa matendawa kumapezeka kuchokera ku mbalame yodwala kupita ku thanzi labwino:

• kudzera mu zinyama (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapitiriza ntchito yake yofunikira kwa masiku 100);
• Nthaka mu nkhuku nkhu (Salmonella pullorum gallinosum ikhoza kukhala masiku 400);
• pogwirizana mwachindunji pakati pa mbalame.

Kamodzi kake m'thupi la mbalame, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa kupanga ma exotoxins, zomwe zimawatsogolera kuledzera kwa mazira ndi nkhuku zomwe zawonekera kale. Zomwe zimachitika pachilondachi zimasiyana, chifukwa zambiri zimadalira zaka za nkhuku komanso zovuta za matendawa. Choncho, ndi imfa ya ana awiri kapena atatu akale, sizingatheke kudziwa kuti pali tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matendawa, chifukwa njira ya pullorosis inali yofulumira kwambiri. Pa mtsogolo, mawonekedwe osalephereka nthawi zambiri amachititsa kusintha kwa ziwalo za thupi, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi kuledzera pang'ono.

Kusintha kwa mkati kumakhudza matumbo (pangakhale kuphulika ndi kutaya kwa magazi), nthenda ndi chiwindi, ndipo zotsirizirazo zimasintha mtundu, kukhala dongo.

Onetsetsani zizindikiro ndi njira zothandizira matenda a nkhuku.

Phunziro la impso ndi ureters wa nkhuku zakufa, kusungunulira mchere kungapezeke, ndipo osowa manja amapezeka m'zinthu za nyama ndi broiler hybrids. Kuphunzira zizindikiro za matendawa kumathandiza kuzindikira mtundu umene uli nawo, umene umachepetsa kwambiri ntchito yochizira. Taganizirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ingatheke.

Maonekedwe ndi zizindikiro za pullorosis

Pali mitundu itatu ya pullorosis, yomwe iliyonse imadziwika ndi mbali zake.

Mphezi mwamphamvu

Kukula kofulumira kwa matenda sikuthetsa imfa nthawi zonse, koma ngakhale nkhuku zowonongeka kwa nthawi yaitali zidzasokonekera kumbuyo kwa anthu amtundu wawo pakukula.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda pano ndi izi:

• kufooka kofulumira;
• Kuphwanyidwa kwa kayendedwe ka nkhuku;
• zolemba zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri;
• kupuma kupyola mumlomo wamlomo;
• kusowa kudya;
• mavuto ndi chimbudzi komanso mawonekedwe a mabakiteriya amodzimodzi (kawirikawiri amangirire pansi ndi kutseka cloaca).

Inde, pachiyambi chozizwitsa, anthu odwala ali kutali ndi anthu onse ndikuyamba mankhwala.

Osatha

Mtundu uwu wa pullorosis nthawi zambiri umakhudza nyama zazing'ono pambuyo pa milungu iwiri ya moyo.

Werengani zambiri zokhudza nkhuku zomwe zimawoneka ngati momwe zimadyera bwino, chifukwa nkhuku za nkhuku zimafa, zomwe ziyenera kuikidwa mu nkhuku za nkhuku zothandizira, kuthana ndi matenda opatsirana omwe sali opatsirana ndi opatsirana.

Zizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha matendawa ndi izi:

• kukula kochepa;
• chokhazikika;
• kuchepetsa chilakolako;
• zisa za blanching;
• maonekedwe opsinjika;
• kutaya;
• mimba;
• kunyoza

Pa msinkhu wokalamba, kuika nkhuku kumatha kukumana mwadzidzidzi dzira. Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali, mbalameyi imakhala ndi nyamakazi, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi anthu osadziletsa.

Onetsetsani

Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mitundu yoonekera ya pullorosis, zotsatirazi zotsatila zamatenda m'matumbo ndizo:

• zitovu zoyera mu cesspool;
• matumbo otentha omwe ali ndi ziwalo zazing'ono mmenemo;
• zojambula bwino za necrosis pa ziwalo za mkati;
• chobiriwira chakuda mu gallbladder;
• kuchepa kwa ma follicles, kuthamanga m'matumbo ndi kutupa kwa oviduct mu zigawo;
• nthawi zina zomwe zili mu follicles zimatsanulidwa m'mimba, chifukwa cha yolk peritonitis imayamba.
• Nthana zazing'ono m'mazira asanayambe kuziwoneka zimapezeka ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira;
• mu nkhuku zakufa zowonongeka, phokoso losakanizidwa limapezeka nthawi zina (nthawi zina mafupa ake amawonekeratu mu mbalame ya ma sabata anayi).

Zosintha zonsezi zikhoza kuzindikiridwa pambuyo pa imfa ya mbalameyo chifukwa cha kutsegula kwake.

Zofufuza ndi mayeso a labotori

Kwa mlimi wochuluka wa nkhuku, zizindikiro zambiri za pullorosis zidzawonekeratu pamene akuyang'ana zoweta ziweto, koma ngati pali mbalame yaikulu yakufa popanda chifukwa, ndiye kuti kafukufuku wa ma laboratory wa nkhuku zakufa adzakuthandizira kutsimikiza.

Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri, mitembo 5-10 ya anapiye kapena mazira 30 ozizira mu dzira ndi okwanira kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda m'nyumba ya nkhuku.

Pachifukwa ichi, miyambo ya microscopy ndi zachilengedwe zimayendetsedwa, ndipo salmonella serum imathandiza kudziwa kuti pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kufufuza molondola kwa pullorosis kungangopangidwa pamene S dragorum imapezeka, popeza kusintha kwa mkati kumayesedwa ndi ntchito zina za mtundu wa Salmonella. Mabala akuluakulu ndi mapiritsi amafufuzidwa mu vivo ali ndi zaka 50-55 ndipo pamene 45% ya dzira yopanga dzira imafikira. Pachifukwa ichi, ziweto zimagwiritsa ntchito mayeso enieni a KRK ndi KKRNG.

Pofuna kupatula zolakwika zomwe zingayesedwe, masiku 4 isanayambe kuphunziridwa, mafuta odyetsa ndi chakudya cha nyama sizichotsedwa ku chakudya cha nkhuku, ndipo masiku khumi chisanachitike, ndibwino kuti asiye kumwa mankhwala.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kugonana kwa nkhuku, kutsogolera nkhuku zankhaninkhu, momwe mungakwezere nkhuku mutatha kuika nkhuku, komanso momwe mungayendetse nkhuku.

Mukapeza kuti, imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za katswiri ndi kuchotsa kupezeka kwa matenda ofanana ndi awa: aspergillosis, eymeriosis, colibacillosis, hypovitaminosis, ndi poizoni wamba.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingachitire nkhuku pullorosis

Nkhuku zowononga nkhuku ndi nkhuku zitha kuchiritsidwa, ndipo izi zimagwiritsa ntchito magulu osiyanasiyana a mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mapepala a levomycetin, polymyxins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, adziwonetsa bwino. Kuonjezera apo, odwala kawirikawiri amapereka mankhwala ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ndalama zingapo panthawi imodzi.

"Levomitsetin"

"Levomitsetin" - alimi oyamba nkhuku othandizira. Sichitha kuwononga Salmonella yekha, koma tizilombo tina timene timathandizira kukula kwa matumbo m'mimba. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusunga nkhuku zambiri sikoyenera nthawi zonse, chifukwa mankhwalawa ayenera kudyetsedwa kapena kumwa katatu patsiku.

Mlingo ndi utsogoleri:

• mapiritsi osweka amapasuka m'madzi ndi kumwa mowa;
• 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa thupi ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 30-50 mg ya mankhwala othandizira mapiritsi, osungunuka mu lita imodzi ya madzi;
• njira ya mankhwala ndi sabata imodzi, koma ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zatha kale, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zambiri kumayimitsidwa msanga.

Pomwe palibe "Levomitsetina" komanso kuti adziwitse bwino pulloz ndi mnzake - Floricol. Monga momwe zinalili kale, mankhwalawa amwedzera mbalame m'modzi mwa nkhuku zazing'ono 0,1% ndi nkhumba zazing'ono ndi 0.02% zinyama zoposa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.

Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge zomwe mungapereke kwa nkhuku, momwe mungapatsitsire masamba, momwe angadyetse nkhuku kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo, komanso momwe mungaperekere nkhuku za broiler.

Polymyxin

Imodzi mwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso otsika mtengo mumagulu amenewa ndi Kolimitsin - imapha osati Salmonella yekha, komanso mabakiteriya ambiri a gram-negative, makamaka osagwira ntchito ya tetracyclines, streptomycin, ndi Levomycetin.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikufanana ndi kale lomwe (kusungunuka m'madzi), komanso mlingo, ndiye kuti 5-10 mg ya mankhwala yogwira ntchito ayenera kugwa pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa moyo. Njira ya mankhwala ndi masiku 5-7.

Tetracyclines

Kuchokera ku tetracycline kagulu ka antibiotic, Biomitsin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polimbana ndi pullorosis causative agent, yomwe imapangidwa monga ufa wothandizira ndi njira yothandizira.

Monga Kolimitsin, idaledzera mbalame pamodzi ndi madzi, muyezo umodzi - 5-10 mg pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa mbalame. Mwinanso, mutha kusakaniza mankhwala ndi zakudya zing'onozing'ono ndikuzipereka kwa nkhuku pa sabata.

Ndikofunikira! "Biomitsin" imadziwika bwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma ndibwino kuti tisagwiritse ntchito ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Chitsanzo chofanana cha "Biomitsin" ndi "Biovit", omwe ali m'gulu lomwelo la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zimalepheretsanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pachifukwa ichi, pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa moyo adzakhala 0,63 mg ya mankhwala yogwira ntchito. Pofuna nsabwe yaying'ono yolemera makilogalamu 1, pafupifupi 70 g ya zakudya zouma zidzafunikira, chotero 9 g yokonzekera ndikwanira gawo la chakudya cha kilogalamu.

Fluoroquinolones

Ma antibayotiki onse a gululi ali othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi magalasi okha, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a nkhuku ndi zinyama.

Zina mwa mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:

1. Enromag. Pochizira nkhuku, gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera mauthenga oyamba pakamwa poyambitsa 5 ml omwe akupezeka mu 10 malita a madzi. Njira yothetsera 10% imasungunuka pambuyo poyambitsa kutsitsa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Ngati matendawa atsimikiziridwa, mbalameyi imapatsidwa mankhwala kwa masiku asanu, monga momwe maphunziro oyendetsera masiku atatu sakonzedwera.
2. "Baytril". Ndi nkhuku zing'onozing'ono za nkhuku, kudyetsa mankhwalawa kumachitika pambuyo poyeretsa madontho 5 m'madzi okwanira 1 mu masiku atatu. Pambuyo pake, atapuma kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, nkhuku zimapatsidwa mavitamini kuti zithandize kubwezeretsa m'mimba.
3. "Kolmik-E". Mankhwalawa amaperekedwanso pamlomo kwa mbalameyi. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 5-10 mg pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwake kwa mbalame, ndiko kuti, 50ml ya mchere akhoza kutengedwa pa 100 malita a madzi. Kutalika kwa mankhwala a pullorosis ndi mitundu ina ya salmonellosis ndi masiku asanu.
4. "Enrofloxacin". Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa chifukwa cha madzi omwe akuledzeredwa ndi mbalameyi. Kwa nkhuku zambiri, 5 ml wa mankhwalawo amasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi, komanso kwa mitundu ya broiler, mlingo ukhoza kuwonjezeka pang'ono. Mwachizoloŵezi cha matendawa komanso pa matenda aakulu a matenda a tizilombo, chidziwitso chingakhale 100 ml pa 100 lita imodzi ya madzi kuti adye. Njira ya mankhwala ndi osachepera masiku asanu. Pofuna kulandira mbalame zazikulu "Enrofloxacin" sizigwira ntchito, chifukwa sizingapereke ntchito yabwino.

Ndikofunikira! Zonse mwa njirazi ziyenera kukonzekera kokha tsiku lililonse, tsiku lotsatira chisakanizo chiyenera kukhala chatsopano.

Sulfanilamides

Ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamakono, choyamba, ayenera kunena kuti "Ditrim". Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati mawonekedwe a ufa ndi jekeseni, zomwe zimayenera kusakanizidwa ndi madzi kapena chakudya china musanayambe kutumikira.

Kwa anapiye aang'ono, njira yothetsera yowonjezera ndiyo kudyetsa kusakaniza kwa 1 ml ya mankhwala ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre. Njira ya mankhwala ndi masiku 3-5. M'masiku oyamba, sulfonamides amapereka mbalameyi kuti ikhale ndi miyezo iŵiri kuti athetseretu chitukuko cha salmonellosis ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachiyero, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, koma ndiwo omwe amapanga mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza pulorosis.

Makonzedwe okonzedwa

Pofuna kulandira nkhuku zowonongeka, osati zokonzeka zokha, komanso zokonzekera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zogwira ntchito mwakamodzi. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kumvetsera za ufa wa Eriprim, womwe uli ndi ma antibayotiki awiri ndi sulfanilamides awiri: colistin, tylosin, sulfadimidine, trimethoprim.

Chilogalamu imodzi ya chisakanizocho chikwanira 1000 malita a madzi, koma ngati mutasakaniza mankhwala ndi chakudya, ndiye makilogalamu 1000 a mankhwala omwe atsirizidwa amafunika 1.5 makilogalamu a "Eriprim". Njira ya mankhwala ndi masiku 3-7.

Kapenanso mankhwalawa amatha kutchedwa "Dolink" (kuphatikiza doxycycline ndi lincomycin) ndi "Avidox" (doxycycline ndi colistin). Mankhwala onsewa amaperekedwa kwa nkhuku pamodzi ndi chakudya kapena amwedzera ndi chithandizo cha 0.1% kwa masiku asanu. Njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala imalingaliridwa kuti ndiyo yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mavitamini omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuteteza m'mimba ya microflora.

Njira zothandizira

Matenda aliwonse ndi osavuta kupeŵa kusiyana ndi kugwira nawo mankhwalawa, pokhapokha, m'minda yachinsinsi, komanso pakukula kwa nkhuku, pofuna kuteteza chitukuko cha pullorosis, nkoyenera kutsatira zofunikira zina zothandizira.

Malingana ndi minda ya nkhuku ndi:

• kuyendera zinyama nthawi zonse, kuyambira nthawi ya anapiye omwe amathawa;
• Kufufuza kwathunthu pa masiku a 50-55 kapena atatha kufika 45 peresenti ya zokolola;
• Kudyetsa nkhuku pokhapokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokwanira komanso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zaukhondo ndi zaukhondo;
• kuperewera kwa kanthawi kwa chipinda ndi kumenyera pogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha nkhuku.

Video: Kupewa matenda a nkhuku Ngati mutabala nkhuku m'minda yamunthu, choyamba, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• Kugula nkhuku (kapena mazira ophimbidwa) ziyenera kukhala kuchokera kwa obereketsa ovomerezeka, makamaka ndi umboni wotsimikizira za thanzi lawo la nkhuku;
• pamodzi ndi nkhuku, ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo mugule chakudya ndi mavitamini owonjezera omwe amazoloweretsa (kutumizira ku chakudya china ayenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono);
• Kudyetsa chakudya ndi madzi muzitsamba zoyamba zaulimi ziyenera kuchitika kangapo patsiku ndi kuchotsedwa kwa zakudya zonse zosweka;
• Ngati ali kale nkhuku m'nyumba ya nkhuku, atsopano kwa kanthawi ayenera kuikidwa payekha m'chipinda choyera kufikira atakula ndikukhala amphamvu;
• Musalole kuyanjana kwa nkhuku ndi mbalame zakutchire: ndizo zonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka, ndi pulorosis;
• pamene mukuyamana nkhuku, ndibwino kusintha nsapato ndi zovala kuti musatenge kachilomboka;
• Ngati n'kotheka, zinyama zing'onozing'ono zimatemera katemera.

Zoonadi, pullorosis ndi matenda osasangalatsa, koma si chiganizo kwa anthu onse. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa nthawi yayake kudzakuthandizani kupeŵa zotsatira zoopsa, ndipo kupewa nthawi zonse ndi kusunga njira zonse zothetsera vutoli kungathetseretu kuthekera kwake.

Mukudziwa? Chipolopolo cha dzira chili ndi porous ndipo chimakhala ndi ma 7000 pores. Mbali imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa kukula ndi kukula kwa nkhuku mkati. Mwa njirayi, mazira omwe mazira akuyenera kuwonekera nthawi zonse amakhala olemera kuposa mazira ndi chiwerewere chamkati mkati.

Choncho, pamakhala zovuta pang'ono, ndibwino kuti mudziwe zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa.

Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti