M'munda wamakono, wopangidwa ndi teknoloji yamakono yatsopano, nthawi zonse pali malo a mapeyala akuluakulu. Zili zosavuta kuti ulimi ukhale wabwino, kuti ukhale wokolola zipatso zabwino, zipatso zokoma.
Mmodzi mwa mitundu iyi omwe wamaluwa amakonda nthawi zambiri peyala zosiyanasiyana Bere Russkaya. Ichi ndi choyimira bwino cha banja lonse la mapeyala, omwe ali ndi mawu achi French akuti "Bere".
Onsewa akugwirizana ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokha - mafuta oundana m'makamwa (mawu achi French beurre amatanthauzira ngati "batala").
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Peyala Bere Russkaya amatanthauza mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo ya autumn-yozizira. Malinga ndi "kalendala" ya chilengedwe, zipatso za zipatso, zomwe zimawalola kuchotsedwa pamtengo, zimachitika pafupifupi pakati pa September.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, komanso mitundu ina yamapeto, sizitchulidwa kuti zichotsedwe kale kuposa nthawi yomwe yatsimikizika. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti chipatso chipse pamtengo.
Apo ayi, pali ngozi yotaya kukoma kwawo. Pa njirayi, mapeyala opsawo amatha kuchoka pamthambi pokhapokha ngati mutachotsedwa, simuyenera kudandaula - zimayambira mwamphamvu mumtengo.
Malingana ndi kukhwima kwa ogula - nthawi yomwe mapeyala amakhala ndi zokoma ndi zofunikira zapamwamba, komanso kuthekera kwa kuzidya kwa chakudya, zidzatha kuyambira October mpaka mapeto a mwezi wa January.
Kwa mitundu yozizira imaphatikizapo mapeyala January, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Nike.
Malingana ndi mfundo ya feteleza, mitundu ya Bere Russkaya ndi yachikale chomera chosabala zipatso. Gawoli liri ndi mbewu za m'munda, zomwe sizingatheke kuti azisamba ndi mungu wawo.
Choncho, chifukwa cha feteleza, mbewu imeneyi imasowa kunja kwa mungu - mitengo ya peyala ya mitundu ina, yomwe imafalikira panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi mtengo wochokera ku mungu.
Peyala iyi ndi malo odyera mchere osiyanasiyana.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Bere Russkaya zosiyanasiyana ndi peyala Kusankhidwa kwa Voronezh. Iye anabadwira pa zamoyo zamatsenga komanso zowonongeka Rossoshanskoy zipatso ndi mabulosi oyesera malo oyendera (Rossosh, dera la Voronezh).
Wolemba watsopano wa peyala wakhala Anna Mikhailovna Ulyanischeva - wotchuka wotchuka wa Soviet.
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo, adapitiriza ntchito ya bambo ake ndi aphunzitsi ake, yemwe anayambitsa kampani ya Rossoshansky, Dokotala wa Sciences Sciences Mikhail Mikhailovich Ulyanischev, amene akutsogolera mitundu yatsopano ya apulo ndi mapeyala m'munda wa Voronezh.
Pofuna kupeza Bere Russkaya ndi zoyambirira zake, mlembi wa zachilendo anadutsa mitundu ya "classic" ya Michurin yozizira. Bere yozizira Michurina (pakali pano peyala iyi yataya mtengo wake wopangidwa ndikukhala m'minda yamakono) ndi mitundu yambiri ya ku Belgium Forest Beauty.
Zotsatira zonse za makolo zimakhala nazo mkulu zokolola, zabwino yozizira hardiness ndi kulekerera kwa chilala, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale zokolola bwino ku Russia m'madera otentha.
Zokolola zapamwamba zimasonyezanso ndi Cathedral, Rossoshanskaya Beautiful, Orlovskaya kukongola, Autumn Yakovleva, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva.
Mu 1984, mitundu yatsopano ya peyala inatumizidwa ku mayeso osiyanasiyana a boma. Zoned "Bere Russkaya" ndi Central Black Earth Region ndi Dera la Rostov.
Buku la Bere Russkaya
Peyala iyi ili ndi zida zake zapadera ndi zomangidwe. Gulu "lojambula" la Bere Russkoy ndilo:
Mtengo
Mitengo yambiri imasiyana kukula kwapakati. Mtundu wa makungwa ophimba tsinde la chomera ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena wofiirira.
Korona, nthambi. Munthu wamkulu amakhala ndi pamwamba, pyramidal pamwamba.
Nthambi zamakono kuti munthu wamkulu azikhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Kuchuluka kwa korona kumakhala ndi sing'anga kapena otsika.
Akuwombera. Kuchuluka kwazitali, mphukira yolunjika amadziwika ndi nthambi yaing'ono. Pa mphukira zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wa brown brown-brown, pali pubescence.
Amaphimbidwa mosavuta, mphodza yaying'ono. Mitengo pamphuno imadzutsa bwino. Fruiting pear imapezeka pa kolchatka.
Masamba. Masambawo ndi ofunika kwambiri. Maonekedwe omwe amafanana ndi dzira, nsonga zawo zimatchulidwa. Pepala lochepetsedwa kwambiri "Bere Russkaya" limakhala ndi matte, ndipo palibe pafupifupi gloss, pamwamba pake pali mdima wobiriwira, ndi mtundu wa bluish tinge. Masamba amasungidwa pamtengo pogwiritsa ntchito mapesi aatali ndi aang'ono.
Inflorescences Maluwa amachoka pamphukira, ali ndi mtundu woyera ndi wa pinki. Maluwa ambiri omwe amaoneka ngati mchere wonyezimira ndi amtengo wapatali ndipo ali ndi fungo losangalatsa.
Maluwa angapo amasonkhanitsa mabulosi ofanana ndi maambulera, omwe ali pakati. Kwa mapeyala a Bere Russkaya amadziwika ndi maluwa oyambirira.
Zipatso
Kukula kwa mapeyala a kalasiyi kusinthasintha zofiira mpaka zazikulu.
Monga lamulo, mimba ya mwanayo palibe poyerekeza ndi 140 g, kulemera kwakukulu kunalembedwa pafupifupi 200 g. Zipatsozo zimayendayenda ndi kondomu.
Dothi, ndi chiwombankhanga cha peel kawirikawiri chimadzazidwa ndi kuchepa kwakukulu.
Mtundu waukulu wa peyala wakucha ndi golide wonyezimira, pambali ya chipatso ndi mdima wofiira wofiira. Pali zosaoneka kwenikweni zazing'ono za subcutaneous specks.
Yoyera ndi mthunzi wamtengo wapatali, zamkati zimadziwika ndi zofewa, madzi olemera komanso osakaniza. Mbeu za peyala zimakhala zazikulu, zofiirira.
Zipatso zisunge nthambi pa sreddlinnye zipatso zimayambira. Maonekedwe akudandaula ndi akatswiri zikupezeka pa 4.8 mfundo (pa mlingo wa 5-point).
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
Malingana ndi msinkhu wa chitsimikizo (zaka za chipatso cha zipatso pamene izo ziyamba kubereka zipatso), mitundu ya Bere Russkaya imatanthawuza mitundu ya peyala mitundu. Choyamba chimakolola mtengo amayamba kupereka kuchokera pa zaka za 6 mpaka 7.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ubwino umenewu ndi khalidwe la mtengo womwe umakula Central Chernozem ulimi wa dera. Mukamabzala zosiyanasiyana mmadera osiyanasiyana, nyengo yowonjezereka ya Bere Russkaya ingasinthe.
M'dera lino, mitundu ikuyenda bwino: Hera, Carmen, Marble ndi Lada.
M'minda ya chigawo cha "chibadwidwe", mitengo ya mitunduyi imasonyeza zokolola zabwino. Mavesi a parameter iyi ndi awa pa mlingo wa 155-157 olemera kuchokera ku hekita limodzi.
Mu nyengo zabwino kwambiri, zokolola zingakhale zochuluka kwambiri, mulimonsemo, Zowonjezera zokolola zinalembedwa pa anthu 598 oposa pa hekitala.
Phindu lapadera la peyala ili nthawi zonse zokolola zake zazikulu.
Komabe, kupereŵera kwa Bere Russkaya kungakhale cholepheretsa kukwaniritsa zokolola. nyengo yozizira yovuta.
Mtengo silingalole chisanu bwino m'dera la -30 - -32 ° Сzomwe ndi zachilendo ku Russia. Choncho, wamaluwa amalima izi zosiyanasiyana, Limbikitsani kutenga kutentha.
Ntchentche mwadzidzidzi pa maluwa a mapeyala ndi owopsa kwambiri.
Makamaka, kumayambiriro kwa May 1999, ku dera la Voronezh, kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa -5 ° C, 100% frosting ya inflorescences inalembedwa.
Ngati mlimi nthawi zonse amachita zonse zoyenera kutetezera, akhoza kukonzekera bwino kulima zipatso za chipatso ichi.
Izi, makamaka, zimathandiza kuti khungu lolimba la peyala likhale lolimba, chifukwa chake Zipatso zimatha kusungidwa mochuluka kwa nthawi yaitali ndikuzitumiza kumsika.
Kwa nyengo yozizira-yolimba mapeyala ndi awa: Bere Bosk, Duchess, Northerner, Samara Kukongola, Nthano za Fairy.
Zimakondweretsa komanso zokoma ndi zowawasa zokoma za zipatso zonunkhira (4.8 mfundo zosangalatsa kukongola).
Zamadzimadzi a peyala:
| Kupanga | Chiwerengero cha |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 10,7% |
| Anatulutsa acides | 0,25% |
| Ascorbic acid | 10.5 mg / 100 g |
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Chofunika kwambiri kuti kulima bwino ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mtengo ndiko kubzala kwake. Pofuna kuteteza tsogolo la mapeyala kumapeto kwa chisanu, kuyambira m'katikati mwa autumn, kusankha kopanda mphepo yamunda kumatha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, malo otsetsereka amafunika kuunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo osati kumizidwa ndi madzi pansi.
Pofuna kuthetsa ngozi yowonongeka kwa mizu, tikulimbikitsanso kukonza nthaka m'dera la mbeu.
Pamalo osankhidwa kukumba dzenje pafupifupi mamita 1 kwambiri ndi 65-70 masentimita awiri. Mu dzenje lomweli limatsanulira chidebe cha madzi chomwe chidasungunuka Magalasi awiri a laimu-fluff. Asanafike tsiku lodzala, dzenje liyenera kusiya kwa osachepera sabata.
Kudyetsa mitengo kumachitika motero kuti mutatha kudzaza mizu yake ndi nthaka (nthaka isanasakanike ndi humus (2 zidebe), mchenga (2 zidebe) ndi galasi la superphosphate) khosi la mizu limatuluka kuchokera mu nthaka mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7.
Pafupi anali pamenepo kuthirira madzi ndi ndowa 2-3 wosanjikiza wa zouma humus ndi utuchi.
Kusamalira mtengo kwabwino kumatanthauza kuthirira nthawi zonse zomera, kumasula pafupi-tsinde munda, kudulira yaitali motalika nthambi, mankhwala kuchokera ku matenda otheka.
Onaninso zothandizira mavidiyo othandizira njira zaulimi:
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana za Bere Russkaya zikuwonetsa mkulu kukana powdery mildew ndi nkhanambo.
Phunzirani zonse za matenda a peyala: Bakiteriya yotentha, //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, Rust.
Komabe, mu nyengo za epiphytotic, pamene pali nthenda yambiri ya matenda a fungus pamtengo wa zipatso, zomwe Septemba imakhudzidwa nazo zosiyanasiyana.
Septoria - Matenda ambiri a fungal a mapeyala. Akagonjetsa mtengo, mawanga amdima amaonekera pamasamba, chifukwa matendawa amatchedwa kuti malo oyera.
Kawirikawiri malo oyamba opweteka amapezeka zaka khumi zapitazo za May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June.
Ngati simutetezera chitukuko cha matendawa, imayambitsa kugwa kwa masamba ndikufooketsa mbewu. Chotsatira chake, kuthekera kwa mtengo kukana chisanu kumachepa.
Ngati nthendayi sizinatengedwe nthawi, ndipo matendawa achitika, peyala iyenera kuyamba kuchira mwamsanga.
Pochita izi, mitengo ndi nthaka zimapulitsidwa ndi nitrafen (300 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, ngakhale maluwa asanayambe kuphulika.
Chifukwa chotsatira malamulo onse a agrotechnical, Bere Russkaya zosiyanasiyana zimapatsa wolima munda mankhwala omwe amasangalatsa wogula ndi kukoma kwake.
