Dziko la East Africa, lomwe ndi chilumba cha Zanzibar, ndi balsam. Ndi apo, pakati pa zitsamba zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimamera maluwa okongola awa. Mukhoza kulikula mu nyengo yathu.
Koma kuti basamu ayambe kuzika mu Russia, ayenera kupanga zinthu zonse zomwe zingafanane ndi nyengo. M'nkhani ino tidzakudziwitsani momwe mungakwaniritsire izi.
Chithunzi
Zosamalidwa zosamalira zovuta
Balsamu palibe chifukwa chodziŵika ngati chokhudza. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chomera ichi amakonda kuwala ndi kutentha, koma kuzizira, ndi zina zambiri, sizingalekerere. Mfundo imeneyi iyenera kuganiziridwa pamene ikuchoka.
Kodi muyenera kubzala nthawi yanji?
Si chinsinsi kwa aliyense kuti kubzala kotere kumatsimikizira moyo wautali kwa mbewu, koma njira yolakwika ya njirayi ingasokoneze maluwa ngakhale ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Ngati tikukamba za balsamu wamaluwa, nkofunika kukumbukira momwe thermophilic maluwa awa aliri. Chomerachi chili ndi masamba amchere, omwe amakhala ndi chinyezi.
Kuzizira kumayambira madzi ozizira, ndipo zomera zimasiya kulandira chakudya. Zikatero, amamwalira.
Choncho, nthawi yabwino yodzala imawoneka kuti ndikumapeto kwa kasupe, pakati kapena kumapeto kwa May, pamene mpweya wayamba kale kutentha, palibe mphepo ndi mphepo.
Malo okwera (kutentha mawonekedwe, kuwala mode)
Akusewera gawo lofunika kwambiri malo oyenera okwera. Ndipotu, mutabzala balsamu mumthunzi kapena pamtanda, mumangozindikira kuti maluwa amenewa amamwalira bwanji.
Ngati mukufuna kuyamikira maluwa nyengo yonse ya chilimwe, pewani malo amdima. Koma malo otseguka amasonyeza kuti mphepo imakhala yolimba kwambiri, choncho mipanda iyenera kukhala njira ya nyengo yomwe siidzalola duwa kukhala ndi mafunde amphamvu.
Ambiri amalima maluwa amakhulupirira kuti akufika pansi pamvula - zabwino. Nthaka idzakhala yonyowa, maluwawo amalandira mwamsanga chinyezi chofunikira, ndipo icho chidzasintha mofulumira ku zikhalidwe zatsopano. Ndipotu izi siziri choncho.
Maluwa omwe amawamasulira akuvutika kwambiri, kotero ndikofunikira kuti nthaka inali yotentha komanso isanafike. Mu Meyi, dzikolo silinatenthe, ndipo limanyowa ndi mvula, imatha kuzizira maluwa. Balsamu chomera ndi chofatsa kwambiri, kotero kupotoka kulikonse komwe kulipo kungakhaleko nthabwala yoopsa ndipo maluwawo amatha kufa.
Ground
Kwa alimi obzala akulimbikitsidwa kuti aganizire dothi lowala. Chabwino, ngati atayidwa kapena poipa kwambiri, amangola pang'ono.
Bzalani kokha m'nthaka yachonde, yopindulitsa ndi zinthu zothandiza ndikutsata zinthu za zomera.
Ngati simukudziwa kuti nthaka imakhala yokwanira ndi zinthu zofunika, masiku angapo musanadzalemo, yesetsani kuvala pamwamba. M'pofunika kubwereza ndondomeko kangapo pa mwezi, chifukwa mababu a balsamine amakhala ovuta kwambiri pansi.
Ngati munayesa nthaka yanu ndikudziwa iye ali wochepa mphamvu Mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti izi ndi malo abwino kuti akule ndi chitukuko.
Kuthirira duwa
Monga mukudziwira, basamu amakonda chinyezi, ndi chifukwa chake chomerachi chikusowa nthawi zonse kuthirira.
Komabe madzi omveka chifukwa izi sizigwira ntchito. Balsamu ndi chomera chofewa, kotero kuti iye amafunikira madzi osungunuka, omwe amadziwika ndi zofewa zake.
Madzi kwambiri amatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti mbewu ikhoza kufa mu masiku amodzi chifukwa chakuti nthaka ikudzaza ndi zinthu zamchere.
Chiloledwa kuthirira kamodzi pa tsiku, pa nthawi inayake. Sikoyenera kutsanulira maluwa, nthaka iyenera kukhalabe mu dziko lochepetsako pang'ono. Madzi ochuluka akhoza kuopseza mizu yovunda.
Ndifunikanso kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino madzi. Muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuthirira mu kuyenda kozungulira kufotokozera bwalo pozungulira korona. Choncho, maluwa sadzakhala owonjezera, opanda kusowa.
Kusamalira pamsewu
Balsamu imakhalanso ndi mpweya wonyezimira. Ndi chifukwa chake nthawi zina, kutentha, chomera chiyenera kukonza madzi opopera mbewu. Komanso, zimathandiza kuti mizu imalandire mpweya wokwanira, choncho kamodzi pa sabata kumasula dziko lapansi.
Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya mumsewu kwawuka pamwamba madigiri 25 Ngati n'kotheka, basamu ayenera kupopedwa kangapo patsiku.
Kodi ndikusowa manyowa, kuposa, ndi liti?
Monga mbeu ina iliyonse, kuti ikule bwino komanso kukula bwino kwa mbeu, iyenera kudyetsedwa.
Pezani mchere wapadera, Anapatsidwa mafuta a basamu, osakhalapo - kudyetsa maluwa.
Kudyetsa kumafunika kuyambira May mpaka August. Koma ngati pangidwe la feteleza ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, ndiye kuti ikhoza kupitiriridwa mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Olima munda ali ndi chidaliro kuti maluwa asanakhazikitsidwe m'malo atsopano, masabata atatu ayenera kudutsa, ndipo pokhapokha tikhoza kuwonjezerapo chisamaliro chowonjezera kuwonjezera mchere.
Kodi akufunika kudulira?
Balsamu wamaluwa amafunika kusamala mosamala. Poyambirira, sikuwonetseredwa kokha ku ulimi wothirira, komanso kudulira. Choncho, mphukira zapamwamba zimalangizidwa kuti zifupikitse pakati.
Ngati imodzi mwa mphukira ikuyambanso patsogolo ndi kukula kwa anthu ena, ndiyeneranso kuyifikitsa.
Pakadutsa masamba kapena matenda awo, ayenera kuthamangitsidwa mwamsanga pofuna kupewa matenda kapena kuvunda kwa mbewu yonseyo.
Kodi ndi liti lomwe limamasula?
Amasowa pachimake mu June - July ndipo limamasula kwa miyezi ingapo. Mu njira zambiri, maluwa zimadalira chisamaliro choyenera ndi kuziika, kotero ngati sizichitika kapena sizing'ono, Sungani chomera chanu.
Lifespan
Balsamu ya maluwa ikhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka ziwiri ndikukondweretsani m'chilimwe m'munda, ndi m'nyengo yozizira mumphika. Kusamalira bwino, kutsirira ndi nyengo ndizofunika kwambiri - izi ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza moyo. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pa zonse, nthawi iliyonse muyenera kusintha basamu ndi chithandizo chokalumikiza, motero kukula kwa chiwerengero cha zomera.
Ngati mukufuna kusunga balsamu bwino, mungathe kusanayambe nyengo yozizira (September - October) kuziika izo ku mphika ndi kukula nyengo yonse yachisanu kutentha kutentha. Pakati pa chisanu, zomera zambiri zimafa, chifukwa chakuti nthaka imathera, motero, mungathe kuwonjezera moyo wa duwa.
Kuswana
Kubalana kumachitika m'njira ziwiri.
Mbewu
Mtundu uliwonse wa basamu umatha kukula mosavuta kuchokera ku mbewu.
Momwe mungakolole nyemba zofesa
Zimadziwika kuti basamu imatha kuchulukitsa ndi kudzilima. Mbeu zake zimatseguka pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikhoza kusokoneza mndandanda wa nyemba, choncho muyenera kupanga njirayi panthawi imene mabokosi a mbewu ayamba kutembenuka. Bwinobwino, tizimangiriza ndi gauze musanafike.
Mbewu ya basamu imamera kwa zaka 7-8, kotero musadandaule chifukwa cha maluwa atsopano.
Nthaka ndi mphamvu
N'zotheka kubzala balsamu nthawi yomweyo m'mabotolo, ndi mabokosi alionse kapena zitsulo, pokhapokha pali ngalande yabwino.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala ndi zolemba zosawerengeka komanso zosaloŵerera m'thupi. Kawirikawiri amatenga nthaka ya saddovoy ndi peat ndi mchenga wochuluka kwambiri. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe okonzeka kupanga mbande, kuwonjezera 1/5 mchenga pamenepo.
Chenjerani! Mafuta a basamu samakonda zamoyo zatsopano, mphukira zazing'ono zimakhudza kwambiri kompositi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka, yowala komanso yotsekemera kwa chinyezi.
Musanafese mbewu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito madzi owira nthawi zonse komanso njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
Njira yowonjezera ndiyo kuchepetsa nthaka.
Nthawi
Balsamu ili ndi nyengo yochepa yochepa, imabzalidwa mu April ndi May. Kudyetsa iwe umasangalala nthawi yaitali maluwa ntchito yogwedeza kufesa kuyambira March.
Zipangizo zamakono
Kufesa mbewu zikuchitika motere:
- Thirani nthaka yokonzedwa m'mitsuko, mlingo ndi moisten mothandizidwa ndi pululer, kuteteza kuyanjana kwa nthaka.
- Kufalitsa mbewuzo pansi pamtunda ndikukhala mtunda wa masentimita 2-3 pakati pawo.
- Musaphimbe nyemba ndi dothi, mungathe kuzipaka pang'onopang'ono ndi mchenga wabwino, popeza kupeza kwa kuwala ndikofunikira.
- Sungani mbewu zofesedwa ndi utsi, mosamala kwambiri.
- Phimbani ndi galasi kapena filimu yoyera.
Kuwombera kumawonekera mosagwirizana nthawi kuyambira 4 mpaka 15 masiku.
Zinthu
Zinthu zabwino zokomera mbewu zimamera ndizochepa, zimakhala zowonjezera komanso zimatentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa madigiri 23-25. Malowa ayenera kukhala owala kwambiri, koma atetezedwe ku dzuwa.
Ngati sungakhale ndi madzi okwanira, mbewu sizingamere. Komabe, ngati simutulutsa wowonjezera kutentha, zomera zidzavunda kapena bowa zidzawonekera. Air tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi zingapo.
Kukula mbande
Pambuyo pa kuphuka kwa ziphuphu zomwe akufunikira kukonzekera moyo panja. Izi zingatheke powonjezera nthawi yopuma mpweya. Timatsegula galasi kapena filimu kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo patatha masiku pang'ono timachotsa. Tsopano muli ndi ziphuphu zitha kuikidwa pamalo omwewo monga kuwala, koma ozizira. Chinyezi chimathandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha pulveler.
Dive
Ndondomekoyi imachitidwa pamene achinyamata amatha kukhala 1 masentimita pamwamba, koma osati poyambirira kuposa masamba oyambirira (opanda). Iwo amafesedwa muzitsulo zokha kuti asasokoneze chipinda chadothi ndi kupitanso patsogolo. Pambuyo posankha, chinthu chachikulu sichikuposa nthaka.
Kulemetsa
Achinyamata a balsams anaumitsa pafupifupi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Amachichita motere: amachotsa tsikulo, abwererenso kuntchito yake usiku. Zovuta zimatha pafupifupi masiku 14.
Mabala a balsams amabzalidwa pamalo osatha pambuyo pa mapeto a May chimvula. Mtunda pakati pa zomera zikabzalidwa ndi masentimita 25.
Cuttings
Pambuyo pa nthawi yogwira ntchito (May - August), chomera chimayamba kumira pang'ono. Pa nthawi ino, regrowing mphukira kudula kuchokera.
Amaikidwa m'madzi kapena pansi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala kutentha. Musasiyane ndi zomera kunja. M'nyengo yozizira, balsamu ikhoza kusungidwa mu chipinda mwa kuziyika mu mphika kuya masentimita asanu pambuyo pa mizu, ndipo pafupi ndi May chomeracho chidzakhala chokonzeka chodzala.
- M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa nkhani zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa kwa inu:
- Mawonekedwe:
- Balsam Waller
- Camelia
- New Guinea
- Terry
- Kusamalira Balsamine:
- Matenda ndi tizirombo
- Kuswana
- Maluwa
- Yolani zoyenera
